• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2007

The effects of ultra-fine pulverization on the physicochemical properties of rice starch (RS) were investigated using a high impact planetary mill. After pulverization, RVA characteristics, peak viscosity, break down, and set back values of RS decreased from 274.75 to 9.42 RVU, 214.46 to 6.17 RVU, and 87.80 to 17.00 RVU, respectively. The pasting properties also changed significantly. X-Ray diffractogram revealed RS had four A-type peaks, which disappeared after pulverization. The peak temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of RS using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were 13.99 J/g at $75.14^{\circ}C$, whereas the pulverized RS (PRS) had two peaks, 0.13 J/g at $63.88^{\circ}C$ and 1.23 J/g at $101.24^{\circ}C$. DSC measurement showed the retrogradation degree of PRS was lower than that of RS after storage at 4 and $25^{\circ}C$. The enzymatic (${\alpha}$-amylase) digestibilities of RS and PRS were 72.7 and 77.3%, respectively.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.727-733
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• 2012

This paper demonstrates a new driving scheme that allows reducing the supply voltage of data drivers for low-power active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The proposed technique drives down the data voltage range by 50%, which subsequently diminishes in the peak power consumption of data drivers at the full white pattern by 75%. Because the gate voltage of a driving thin film transistor covers the same range as a conventional driving scheme by means of a level-shifting scheme, the low-data supply scheme achieves the equivalent dynamic range of OLED currents. The average power consumption of data drivers is reduced by 60% over 24 test images, and power consumption is kept below 25%.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1229-1237
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of Cheongpomook prepared with five different levels of mungbean powder (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). We conducted the Hunter's color values, the rheological characteristics, sensory evaluations, and pasting properties of the Cheongpomook samples. The more mungbean powder was added, the more the luminance and Hunter's a values of Cheongpomook samples were decreased, but in Hunter's a values was reverse. With regard to the rheological properties of the Cheongpomook samples, the more mungbean powder was added, the values of hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were significantly decreased. In color, taste, and overall quality, the value of 25% mungbean powder added Cheongpomook (MP1) and 50% added Cheongpomook (MP2) were significantly higher than those of others. The resulting RVA viscogram, peak viscosity, hold viscosity, break down, setback, and final viscosity of Cheongpomook were decreased with an increase in mungbean powder, but the pasting temperature was increased slightly. Therefore, an addition of 25% mungbean powder appears to be an acceptable approach to enhance the quality of Cheongpomook without reducing acceptability.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a hypodermic injectable solution comprised of an LPM LB meso solution containing Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract (LPM) on the lipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cells line. The lipid accumulation measured by oil red o staining in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with LPM, which was reduced in a dose dependent manner and showed 91.7 to 62.9% compared to control group. Its effectiveness with a 50% solution was significantly higher than the hydroxycitric acid (positive control) treatment without showing cell cytotoxicity. In a quantitative real-time PCR, it was demonstrated that the LPM treatment appeared to upregulate the mRNA expression of the adipogenesis-related genes, which included the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (50% concentration) while down-regulating the CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (50% concentration) and the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (10, 25, and 50% concentrations). The results from the current study suggest that the LPM could be useful biomaterials that can inhibit obesity in the 3T3-L1 cells, which could possibly be by regulating the specific adipogenic gene transcription factors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2002

The construction of the T-shaped post-column flow cell has been changed to enhance the practicability as a UV-visible absorbance detector for capillary electrophoresis. In this new design, a rectangular cube-shaped inner structure is employed, which completely fits the outer rectangular tubing. This arrangement has greatly facilitated the fabrication of the T-cells. In addition, the volume for the auxiliary flow has been dramatically reduced down to 300 ${\mu}L$, and its volume flow rate is optimized at 4.2 ${\mu}L$/min. The short optical path length in the sheath flows (500 ${\mu}m$ on each side) minimizes background absorption, and thus enhances its performance in low-UV wavelengths. We have optimized the auxiliary flow rate at 50 ${\mu}m$/s, so that migration times are insensitive to the flow rate. This optimization has improved repeatabilities in migration times and peak heights. A double-beam detection scheme using a pair of photodiodes is employed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.829-841
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• 2018

An experiment was conducted for the OECD/NEA ROSA-2 Project using the large-scale test facility (LSTF), which simulated a 17% hot leg intermediate-break loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). In the LSTF test, core uncovery started simultaneously with liquid level drop in crossover leg downflow-side before loop seal clearing, and water remaining occurred on the upper core plate in the upper plenum. Results of the uncertainty analysis with RELAP5/MOD3.3 code clarified the influences of the combination of multiple uncertain parameters on peak cladding temperature within the defined uncertain ranges. For studying the scaling problems to extrapolate thermal-hydraulic phenomena observed in scaled-down facilities, an experiment was performed for the OECD/NEA PKL-3 Project with the Primarkreislaufe Versuchsanlage (PKL), as a counterpart to a previous LSTF test. The LSTF test simulated a PWR 1% hot leg small-break loss-of-coolant accident with steam generator secondary-side depressurization as an accident management measure and nitrogen gas inflow. Some discrepancies appeared between the LSTF and PKL test results for the primary pressure, the core collapsed liquid level, and the cladding surface temperature probably due to effects of differences between the LSTF and the PKL in configuration, geometry, and volumetric size.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.224-233
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• 2014

In this study, instead of arrowroot starch sesame mook(Gomadoufu) used in the manufacture of expensive sesame mook the quality of the material characteristics and commercialized for to find out the possibility of replacement of other starch, propose. Potato starch RVA analysis was quick pasting temperature $70.3^{\circ}C$, peak viscosity 740 RVU, break down 579.9 final viscosity 433.8, set back 275.7 arrowroot starch than 4.5 times, sweet potato starch than 6.9 fold the highest value showed Japanese sesame results starch (Atarigoma) concentration increased, the measured starch, different kinds of manufacturing quality characteristics of sesame mook tended to increase the moisture content, texture measurements on the hardness and springiness, gumminess and chewiness was gradually decreased. Sesame mook in sensory evaluation, color and aroma, taste, texture and overall-acceptability, sweet potato starch, arrowroot starch 60% addition, 50% added, potato starch 40% group containing most symbols highest was, and the experimental results used in the manufacture of arrowroot starch instead of expensive replacement of other starch is deemed.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.483-487
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• 1994

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of an 1% flurbiprofen gel were evaluated using rats in reference to IV bolus and oral administration of the drug using rats. Following the transdermal application of the gel at the dose of 2 mg/kg as flurbiprofen, the $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ of the drug were $2.14\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 2 hr, respectively, whereas those after the oral administration of the drug as a suspension were $9.90\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 0.25 hr, respectively. These results indicate that, by the transdermal administration fo flubiprofen as the gel, the absorption of the drug was much slowed down and the lower $C_{max}$ compared to the oral administration may reduce the systemic side effects of the drug. The relative bioavailability of the flurbiprofen gel in reference to the oral dose was 48.5%. Tissue levels of flurbiprofen following the application of 50 mg of the 1% flurbiprofen gel onto ventral skin of rats showed that the maximum drug concentrations in the skin $(8.52\;{\mu}g/g)$ and the muscle $(2.06\;{\mu}g/g)$ occurred at 2 hrs postdose. The drug concentration in the both tissues remained relatively constant over the next 6 hrs following the peak concentration.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1982

현재(現在) 수입공급(輸入供給)되고있는 농용(農用)트랙터의 고장수리실태(故障修理實態)를 조사분석(調査分析)하여 트랙터의 국산화(國産化) 및 이용합리화(利用合理化)를 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로 활용(活用)을 목적(目的)으로 1980년(年) 1년간(年間) 8개도(個道) 32개군(個那)에서 기장조사(記帳調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 가. 대형(大型)트랙터의 연평균고장빈도(年平均故障頻度)는 5.0회(回)/대(臺)이고, 소형(小型)은 2.3회(回)/대(臺)로 대형(大型)이 소형(小型)보다 2배이상(倍以上) 고장(故障)이 많았으며, 이용시간당빈도(利用時間當頻度)는 대형(大型)트랙터가 1. 11회(回)/100hr, 소형(小型)은 0.65회(回)/100hr이었다. 나. 전체고장중(全體故障中), 75.6%는 본체(本體)에서 발생(發生)되었으며 24.4%는 작업기(作業機)에서 발생(發生)되었고, 특(特)히 소형(小型)트랙터 작업기고장중(作業機故障中) 쟁기와 로타베이터 고장(故障)이 80%이상(以上)을 차지하였다. 다. 대형(大型)트랙터의 75%, 소형(小型)의 62%가 연(年) 1회이상(回以上)의 고장(故障)이 있었으며, 10회이상(回以上) 발생(發生)된 경우(境遇)도 9%나 되었다. 라. 월별고장발생분포(月別故障發生分布)는 트랙터이용시간(利用時間)과 비례(比例)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내어 5월(月)에 가장 고장(故障)이 많았다. 마. 운전자(運轉者)의 연령(年齡)이 많거나 학력수준(學歷水準)이 높을 수록 고장빈도(故障頻度)도 높아서 50대(代) 연령(年齡)에 대졸자(大卒者)가 고장(故障)이 가장 많았다. 바. 고장원인(故障原因)은 운전자과실(運轉者過失)이 29.8%, 부품노후(部品老朽)가 30.2%, 품질불량(品質不量)이 20.6%로 나타났다. 사. 연평균수리회수(年平均修理回數)는 5.5회(回)/대(臺)였고 이중 공장수리(工場修理)가 55.6%였으며 자가수리(自家修理)는 44.4%였다. 아. 대당연간수리시간(憂當年間修理時間)은 대형(大型)트랙터가 30.6시간(時間)이었고, 소형(小型)이 19.9시간(時間)이었으며 수리(修理) 1회당소요시간(回當所要時間)은 평균(平均) 3.62시간(時間)으로 나다났다. 자. 대당연간수리비용(臺當年間修理費用)은 대형(大型)이 278천(千)원, 소형(小型)이 70천(千)원 이었고, 이용시간당수리비용(利用時間當修理費用)는 대형(大型)이 621원, 소형(小型)이 198원이었다. 차. 트랙터 본체(本體)의 수리비계수(修理費係數)(Y)는 사용연수(使用年數)(x)'에 대하여 Y=0.752x의 상관(相關)을 가졌으며 총수리비계수(總修理費係數)는 내구년수(耐久年數)가 10년(年)일때 64%가 되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 1996

연세대학교 원주의과대학 흉부외과학교실에서는 1989년 1월부터 1996년 2월까지 외상성 횡격막 파열로 진단되어 수술을 시행하였던 환자 50례를 대상으로 하였으며, 남녀 성비는 4:1이였다. 연령 분포는 2세부터 80세까지로 평균 연령은 37세 였다. 외상의 종류로는 둔상이 39례였고 관통상이 11례로서, 둔상인 경우 교통사고가 29례, 추락사고 7례, 경운기 사고가 3례였으며, 관통상인 경우에는 자상 9례, 총상 1례, 유리에 찔린 경우가 1례 였다. 가장 빈번한 증상은 호흡곤란, 흉통 및 복통이었고, 파열 부위는 둔상인 경우 좌측이 30례, 우측이 9례였으며, 관통상인 경우에는 좌측이 8례, 우측이 3례였다. 수술 접근 방법은 18례에서 개흉술을 시행하였고 3례는 개흉 및 개복술을, 29례는 개복술을 시행하였다. 수술후 합병증은 15례로서 둔상인 경우에는 창상 감염이 5례, 호흡 부전이 3례 ,수흉 및 장폐쇄가 각각 2례였으며 농흉, 신부전 및 패혈증이 각각 1례였다. 관통상인 경우는 창상 감염이 2례, 농흉이 1례였다. 사망은 3례로서 사망 원인은 패혈성 쇼크, 뇌손상 및 호흡 부전이 각각 1례였다.