• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2011

생마늘을 온도별로 숙성시켰을 때 일어나는 물질의 생성과 변화에 대하여 조사한 결과, 고온숙성 마늘(흑마늘)의 열수 추출물에서 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde(HMF)가 생성됨을 확인하였으며, HMF의 생성은 $75^{\circ}C$에서는 7일 이후부터 급격히 증가하기 시작하였으며 35일차에는 13.09 mg/g dry weight까지 계속 증가하는 경향이었다. 그러나 $60^{\circ}C$에서는 HMF의 생성은 거의 억제되었으며, 28일차부터 생성되긴 하였으나 35일차에도 0.35 mg/g dry weight로 그 양은 $75^{\circ}C$ 조건에 비하여 매우 적었다. HMF의 생성은 당 화합물 중 과당(fructose)이 탈수되어 생성된다. 마늘 중 유리당의 생성량을 조사해 본 결과 $75^{\circ}C$에서 숙성된 마늘에서는 7일 차부터 과당이 39.7%/dw 정도 생성되기 시작하여 14일차에 49.6%/dw 정도 생성되었으나, 이후 과당 함량이 감소되는 것을 볼 수 있는데 이는 생성된 과당이 HMF로 변환된 것으로 추정된다. 그리고 $60^{\circ}C$에서는 21일차까지 과당의 생성량이 6.6%/dw 정도였으나 이후 28일 경에는 급속히 증가하여 35일경에는 44.6% 정도 생성되었다. 이로써 마늘에서 HMF의 생성은 마늘 중의 탄수화물이 고온($75^{\circ}C$)에서 과당으로 변환된 후 탈수반응을 거쳐 생성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.742-750
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• 2004

This paper for the first time reports the isolation of 5 compounds from Phellinus linteus. A sphingolipid (1) and two tyrosinase inhibitory compounds (2, 3) along with two carboxylic acids (4, 5), were isolated from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus (Berk ＆ Curt) Aoshima. The structure of compound 1 was identified as 1-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, known as cerebroside B, based on spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR as well as by acid hydrolysis. Compounds 2-5 were identified as protocatechualdehyde (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) (3), succinic acid (4), and fumaric acid (5) based on the spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.40 and 90.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics, which were analyzed by the Lineweaver-Burk plots, were found to be competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors with a $K_{j}$ of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 1.4 mM, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2007

숙지황의 제조에 미치는 침지용매의 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 건지황을 막걸리와 증류수에 24시간 침지한 후 구증구포하여 숙지황을 제조하면서 증수에 따른 catalpol, 5-HMF, polyphenol, flavonoid, 항산화활성 및 ACE 저해활성 등을 분석하였다. Catalpol 함량은 건지황에서 631.4ppm으로 나타났으며, 증수가 증가할수록 급격히 감소하였고 막걸리 침지는 8증(75.84 ppm)까지, 증류수 침지 처리구는 9증(61.27 ppm)까지만 검출되었다. 5-HMF, 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 증수가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 5-HMF는 막걸리 침지는 13증(0.40%) 이후에, 증류수 침지 처리구는 11증(0.40%) 이후에 시판 숙지황의 함량과 비슷하였고 총 폴리페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 막걸리와 증류수침지 처리구 모두 14증에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 건지황과 시판 숙지황 모두 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 각각 19.44 및 52.49%이었으며, 막걸리와 증류수침지 시료 모두 14증에서 각각 66.80 및 75.60%로 증가하였다. 총 항산화력도 처리증수가 증가할수록 증가하였다. ACE 저해활성은 건지황과 시판 숙지황 모두 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 각각 28.70 및 49.37%로 이었으며, 처리증수가 증가할수록 증가하여 막걸리와 증류수침지 시료 모두 10증에서 각각 93.23 및 94.78%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

Gami-Honghwa-Tang (KH-19), a herbal prescription for reducing the side effect of radiotherapy, is composed of eight crude herbs such as Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Lycii Fructus, Carthami Flos, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. In this study, marker substances in KH-19 were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and safety evaluation of standardized KH-19 was evaluated by good laboratory practices (GLP) guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration. HPLC-DAD was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeonol, loganin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and decursin in the KH-19. In acute oral toxicity study on rat, transient inhibition of body weight was shown, but change in general symptom was not detected. No dead animal was observed up to 5,000 mg/kg in both male and female animals. In acute oral toxicity study on Beagle dog, transient vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and body weight reduction were observed, However, no dead animal was observed up to 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female animals.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2019

Objectives: Samul-tang is commonly used to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy. This study aimed to establish an efficient method of extracting ACTS002 based on Samul-tang using the yield, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant assay. Methods: ACTS002 was extracted from each extraction solvent, and the contents of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid were quantitatively analyzed and compared using HPLC. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of ACTS002 were measured using total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: All of the components were set as the index contents because they were easy to process. The antioxidant activity of total flavonoids was the highest in 70% ethyl alcohol extracts, and total phenolic compounds were the highest in 50% ethyl alcohol extracts. In DPPH, 50% ethyl alcohol extracts showed the highest activity, and in ABTS 70% ethyl alcohol extracts were the highest. In FRAP, 70% ethyl alcohol extracts showed the highest activity. Conclusions: ACTS002 can control quality by setting 5-HMF, paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid as the index contents. The antioxidant activity measurement was relatively high in the 50% and 70% ethyl alcohol extracts. Our results can predict the possibility of a pharmacological activity and the standardization of ACTS002.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2016

Objectives Rehmanniae Radix Preparata was prepared in the traditional Rehmanniae Radix Preparata preparation method set forth in the 『Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine(Donguibogam)』 with a view to measuring the contents of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde(5-HMF) at individual stages of steaming and sundrying and identifying new chemical components.Methods Based on the traditional Rehmanniae Radix Preparata preparation method set forth in the 『Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine』, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata steamed and sundried once through nine times was prepared. Thereafter, 5-HMF contents were analyzed and new chemical components were identified in the Rehmanniae Radix Preparata using Waters HPLC e2695, 2640 detectors, a Waters Acquity UPLC system, and a Micromass Q-TOF Premier mass spectrometer.Results The Rehmanniae Radix Preparata preparation method set forth in the 『Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine』 is a unique preparation method in Republic of Korea different from that in China. In the first stage of the method, fresh Rehmanniae Radix Crudus was divided into high quality, medium quality, and low quality ones named Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Caelum)(天黃), Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Homo)(人黃), and Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Terra)(地黃) respectively to use Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Caelum) and Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Homo) for preparation of juice while using Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Terra) to make Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. In the second stage, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Caelum) and Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Terra) were made into juice and Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Terra) was soaked in the juice. In the third stage, among auxiliary materials, rice wine named Purum Vinum Oryzae(淸酒) brewed from sticky rice was sprinkled on Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Terra) to the extent that Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (Terra) became wet. In the fourth stage, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata steamed in earthenware steamer was dried under natural sunlight. The contents of 5-HMF in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata steamed and sundried once through nine times were shown to be below 0.1% in all cases. Pomolic acid was identified as a new chemical component.Conclusions In conclusion, the Rehmanniae Radix Preparata preparation method set forth in the 『Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine』 is thought to be a unique preparation method in South Korea in which Rehmanniae Radix Preparata is completed through the first stage in which fresh Rehmanniae Radix Crudus collected from fields is divided into high, medium, and low quality ones and fresh Rehmanniae Radix Crudus juice is made, the second stage in which the high quality fresh Rehmanniae Radix Crudus is soaked in the fresh Rehmanniae Radix Crudus juice, the third stage in which the fresh Rehmanniae Radix Crudus is steamed, and the fourth stage in which the steamed Rehmanniae Radix Crudus is dried.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gami-Honghwa-Tang (KH-19) by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Gami-Honghwa-Tang is composed of nine crude herbs, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Lycii Fructus, Carthami Flos and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Methods : The separation was performed on an Aquasil C18 (4.6×250mm) column by gradient elution with 0.05% TFA in H2O - 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile (0 min 100:0, 20 min 90:10, 40 min 70:30, 60 min 50:50, 80 min 0:100, 90 min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm. Also we examined the contents for bacteria, pesticide residue and harmful heavy metals. Results : HPLC-DAD was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as 5­hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeonol, loganin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and decursin in the KH-19. There were no bacterial contents, pesticide residues, or harmful heavy metals. Conclusions : We suggest these results could be a useful evidence for quality control of KH-19. This method permits fingerprints of selected individual marker substances from herbal prescriptions without derivatization, multiple purification steps, or lengthy separation times.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2012

숙성온도와 기간에 따른 대추의 성분변화 및 항산화활성 변화를 분석한 결과 갈변도는 무처리구에 비해 가온숙성처리구에서 전체적으로 증가하였으며, 숙성 30일차 및 50일차에서는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 환원당, fructose와 glucose함량은 가온숙성처리구에서 높았으며, 숙성온도 및 기간이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 5-HMF 함량은 숙성온도 및 기간이 증가함에 따라 증가하여 숙성 50일차 $80^{\circ}C$에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량도 숙성 온도와 기간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능도 가온숙성처리구에서 높았으며, 환원력은 숙성온도가 증가함에 따라서 증가하였지만 숙성일수에 따른 변화는 작게 나타났다. 숙성 온도 및 기간이 증가함에 따라 페놀성 화합물의 증가로 인하여 항산화 활성도 증가하였으며, 대추의 항산화활성을 높일 수 있는 최적숙성조건은 $70^{\circ}C$에서 15~30일로 판단되었다. 이를 통하여 건대추의 항산화 활성을 향상시켜 새로운 건강기능성 식품소재로 이용가능하며, 이에 따라 대추의 활용도 제고 및 부가가치를 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2013

생리활성이 높은 지황을 식품소재로 간편하게 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 연구로, 생지황과 숙지황을 동결건조한 후 이화학적 특성과 항산화능 분석 및 관능검사를 실시하였다. 명도와 황색도는 숙지황 분말이 숙지황 분말보다 낮았고, 적색도는 숙지황 분말이 생지황 분말보다 높았다. 당도 및 환원당 함량은 숙지황 분말이 $30.3^{\circ}Brix$ 및 6.06%로 생지황분말에 비하여 높았다. pH는 숙지황 분말은 4.23으로 생지황 분말의 6.71보다 낮았으며 산도는 숙지황 분말은 0.35%로 생지황 분말의 0.20%보다 높았다. 일반성분 분석에서 수분함량은 숙지황 분말 4.2%, 지황분말 3.8%로 숙지황 분말에서 높았으나 그 외 일반성분은 유사하였다. 유효지표성분 분석에서 catalpol 함량은 생지황 분말에서 144.96 mg/mL로 검출되었고 숙지황 분말에서는 47.20 mg/mL로 검출되었다. 5-HMF는 숙지황 분말에서만 검출되었다. 총 phenol 함량 측정 결과 생지황 분말이 2.09 mg/mL, 숙지황 분말이 3.66 mg/mL로 생지황 분말보다 숙지황 분말에서 현저히 높은 함량을 나타내었고 DPPH radical 소거능 측정 결과 $IC_{50}$ 값이 생지황 분말 26.64 mg/mL, 숙지황 분말 13.74 mg/mL로 숙지황 분말의 항산화능이 매우 높았다. Hydroxyl radical 소거능 $IC_{50}$ 값은 숙지황 분말의 값이 6.37 mg/mL로 생지황 분말의 13.27 mg/mL보다 더 낮게 나타나 숙지황 분말의 항산화능이 더 높게 나타났다. FRAP 활성 측정 결과 생지황 분말이 0.51 mg/mL, 숙지황 분말이 1.99 mg/mL로 숙지황 분말이 높아 전반적으로 숙지황 분말의 항산화능이 더 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터 숙지황 분말이 식품소재로 더 적당한 것으로 사료된다.