• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2008

Objectives : Some reports have suggested that 5-HT5A polymorphism allelic association was associated with depression, however, there has been no report about relationship between the 5-HT5A gene and antidepressant response. We conducted the association study of the 5-HT5A receptor gene polymorphisms (-19G/C,12A/T) and response to citalopram in Korean patients with major depressive disorder(MDD). Methods : A total of 106 patients with major depressive disorder were included in this study. The patient's symptoms were measured by 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) at baseline, week 1, week 2, week 4 and week 8 during citalopram treatment. A Responder to citalopram was defined by 50% reduction of total HAMD scores. To analyze genetic polymorphisms, a polymerase chain reaction based method was used. Results : At week 8, responders were 62, non-responders were 44. No significant differences of genotypes or allelic association in 19G/C and 12A/T polymorphisms were observed between responsive and non-responsive patients. Conclusion : These results do not support the hypothesis that this polymorphism of the HT5A receptor gene is involved in the therapeutic response to citalopram.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제4권5호
• /
• pp.361-367
• /
• 2000

Cocaine functions as indirect dopamine and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) agonists and induces genomic and behavioral alterations in the striatum. Previously we demonstrated that ritanserin, a 5HT2/1C receptor antagonist, is not responsible for cocaine-induced behavioral alterations and zif268 mRNA gene expression in the striatum (see the previous paper in this issue). In this study, it was hypothesized that dopamine and 5HT2/1C receptors are required for cocaine-induced behavioral alterations and c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression. This hypothesis was addressed by infusing amperozide which antagonizes both 5HT2/1C and dopamine receptors and was analyzed using the quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry in vivo. Systemic injection of amperozide (5 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly blocked increase in behavior, c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression induced by 15 mg/kg cocaine, i.p., in the dorsal striatum. These data suggest that dopamine and 5HT2/1C receptors are necessary for cocaine-induced behavioral alterations and immediate early gene expression in the dorsal striatum.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 1990

An attempt was made to investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular 5-hydroxytrypatamine (5-HT) on the cardiovascular system in urethane-anesthetized rabbit and to elucidate the mechanism of its action. 5-HT given into a lateral ventricle caused clearly a dose-dependent decrease inboth arterial blood pressure and in heart rate. The bradycardia and hypotension induced by 5-HT were significantly attenuated by the prior injection of ketanserin, cyproheptadine or clonidine. Pretreatment of atropine with bilateral vagotomy did not affect both bradycardia and hypotension. Propranolol weakened markedly the breadcardia of 5-HT but did not influence the depressor response of 5-HT. These experimental results suggest that intraventricular 5-HT cause the hypotension and bradyardia in rabbits through the stimulation of serotonergic receptors in brain, which is seemed to be associated to inhibition of sympathetic tone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.757-765
• /
• 2011

Fatty acid composition of beef intramuscular tissue is an important trait because high proportions of mono-unsaturated fatty acid are related to favorable beef flavor. In this study, we investigated the effects of genetic factors, such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), on beef carcass traits, including fatty acid composition, in the Hanwoo. Analysis of fatty acids in Hanwoo was performed using a breed raised in Gyeonbuk province (n = 395). Compared to the homozygote, the GA, CT, and CT genotypes of exon 5 in the SCD polymorphism showed a higher content of oleic acid (p<0.05) and higher contents of mono-unsaturated fatty acid (p<0.05) and marbling scores (p<0.05) in intramuscular fat. Results of haplotype analysis showed a significant presence of unsaturated fatty acids and marbling score in the $ht1^*ht2$ and $ht2^*ht2$ groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, haplotype effects more powerful than a single gene were also observed. These ht1 and ht2 types also showed a significant difference in unsaturated fatty acids and marbling score, affecting beef flavor in the Hanwoo groups. Therefore, it can be inferred that the ht1 and ht2 types might be valuable new markers for use in improvement of Hanwoo.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2010

본 실험에서는 hamster $\beta$-cell인 HIT-T15 cell을 이용하여 돼지감자추출물의 생리활성 및 기능을 검증하고자 하였다. 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$), HT2(1.1 ${\muL/mL$), HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군과 inulin을 첨가한 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$), IN2(1.8 ${\muL/mL$), IN3(2.5 ${\muL/mL$)군으로 나누어 실험하였다. 세포 viability 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 군을 100%로 보았을 때 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군과 inulin을 첨가한 IN2(1.8 ${\muL/mL$), IN3(2.5 ${\muL/mL$) 군에서 세포생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 시료처리 후 췌장 $\beta$-세포 파괴를 유도하지 않고 HIT-T15 cell의 cell culture supernatant를 이용하여 cytotoxicity를 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 NC(0${\muL/mL$)군에 비해 모든 군에서 cytotoxicity가 낮게 나타났다. Alloxan(4 mM)으로 $\beta$-세포 파괴를 유도하여 HIT-T15 cell에서 세포보호 효과를 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$)군에 비해 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 HT2(1.1 ${\muL/mL$), HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군에서 세포생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 췌장 $\beta$-세포 파괴를 유도하여 HIT-T15 cell이 분비한 인슐린 분비능 및 세포 내 $NAD^+$/NADH 함량을 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$)군에 비해 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군에서 인슐린 분비량과 $NAD^+$/NADH 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 연구 결과 돼지감자추출물은 HIT-T15 cell의 생존율을 높이고, 세포보호 효과를 가짐으로써 인슐린 분비능 정상화 및 $NAD^+$ 함량을 증가시켜 혈당 조절 및 당뇨에 긍정적 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2005

Striatum is involved in the control of movement and habitual memory. It receives glutamatergic input from wide area of the cerebral cortex as well as an extensive serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) input from the raphe nuclei. In our study, the effects of 5-HT on synaptic transmission were studied in the rat corticostriatal brain slice using in vitro whole-cell recording technique. 5-HT inhibited the amplitude as well as frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) significantly, and neither ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC), nor $N-methyl-_{D}-aspartate$ (NMDA) receptor antagonist, $_{DL}-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric$ acid (AP-V) could block the effect of 5-HT. In the presence non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenxo[f] quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), the inhibitory effect of 5-HT was blocked. We also figured out that 5-HT change the channel kinetics of the sEPSC. There was a significant increase in the rise time during the 5-HT application. Our results suggest that 5-HT has an effect on both pre- and postsynaptic site with decreasing neurotransmitter release probability of glutamate and decreasing the sensitivity to glutamate by increasing the rise time of non-NMDA receptor mediated synaptic transmission in the corticostriatal synapses.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.144-153
• /
• 2000

목 적 : 만성신부전 완자에서 1/scr, log Scr을 연속적으로 측정하여 신부전의 진행을 예측하고 있으나 연령에 따라 creatinine 생성율의 차이가 있는 소아에서는 정확한 진행예측에 어려움이 있다. 신장(height, Ht) 은 creatinine 생성율에 관여하는 중요한 인자이므로 따라서 저자들은 1/scr에 신장 (height, ht)을 도입한 Ht/Scr과 1/scr, log Scr을 연속적으로 측정하여 만성 신부전의 진행 예측도의 정확성을 비교하고저 하였다. 방 법 : 말기신부전으로 진행된 환아 63 명을 대상으로 혈청 크레아티닌 (Scr) 이 2 mg/dl에서 5 mg/dl 될 때까지 매 환자에서 1/Scr, log Scr, Ht/Scr을 연속적으로 측정하여 이들로부터 회기방정식을 구하여 Scr 이 10 mg/dl 이상인 시기를 예견하였다. 예측오차는 Scr 이 10 mg/dl 이상인 예측시기에서 실제시기를 뺀 것으로 하고 세군 간의 예측오차를 비교함으로써 만성신부전증 진행 예측의 정확도를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) Ht/Scr 의 예측오차는 0.01 개월로 1/Scr, log Scr 의 예측오차인 2 개월, 10.6 개월보다 적었다(P<0.0001). 2) 선천성 신질환 환아의 Ht/Scr의 예측오차는 1.2 개월로 1/Scr, log Scr 의 예측오차인 3.2 개월, 8.2 개월보다 적었다 (p<0.000l). 사구체신염 환아의 경우 Ht/Scr, l/Scr, Ht/Scr의 예측오차는 각각 0.9 개월, 0.5 개월, 9.9 개월이었고 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 3) 13 세이전의 경우는 Ht/Scr 의 예측오차가 가장 적었고 그 이후 연령의 경우는 1/Scr의 예측오차가 적었으나 Ht/Scr과 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 4) Log Scr의 예측시기는 실재시기보다 늦었다. 결 론 : 소아 만성신부전 환아에서 시간에 따른 혈청 크레아티닌의 역수와 신장의 변화를 연속적으로 관찰함으로서 신부전의 진행 및 투석시기를 정확히 예측할 수 있었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 P3HT와 PCBM 물질을 전자도너와 억셉터 광활성층 물질로 사용하여 벌크이종접합 구조를 갖는 Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT-PCBM/Al 구조의 유기박막태양전지를 제작하였다. P3HT와 PCBM은 각각 0.5 wt%의 농도로 톨루엔 용액에 용해하였다. 광활성층 농도를 최적화하기 위하여 P3HT:PCBM= 3:4, 4:4, 4:3 wt%의 농도비로 소자를 제작하고, 농도비에 따른 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 활성층의 후속열처리 온도가 소자의 전기적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. P3HT와 PCBM의 농도비가 4:4 wt%의 비율에서 가장 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타내었으며, 이때 단락전류밀도 ($J_{SC}$), 개방전압 ($V_{OC}$), 및 충실인자 (FF)는 4.7 $mA/cm^2$, 0.48 V 및 43.1%를 각각 나타내었다. 또한 전력변환효율(PCE)은 0.97%의 값을 얻었다. 최적화된 농도비를 갖는 태양전지 소자에 대해 $150^{\circ}C$에서 5분, 10분, 15분, 20분간 후속 열처리를 실시한 결과 P3HT 전자도너의 흡광계수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 후속 열처리 조건이 $150^{\circ}C$에서 15분인 경우 전기적 특성이 열처리 하지 않은 소자에 비해 특성이 개선되었다. 즉, 이때의 전기적 특성은 $J_{SC},\;V_{OC}$, FF, PCE의 값이 각각 7.8 $mA/cm^2$, 0.55 V, 47%, 2.0%를 나타내었다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2005

Objectives : Electroacupuncture (EA)-induced analgesia has been known to be mediated through the activation of opioid, noradrenergic and serotonergic receptors. However, little study on serotonergic mechanism has been performed in an animal model of chronic pain. The present study was designed to elucidate the type of serotonergic receptors responsible for EA analgesia in the chronic pain model. Methods : In rats with complete Freund's: adjuvant-induced inflammation and spinal nerve injury, spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) cell responses to graded electrical stimulation of afferent C fiber were recorded before and after spinal application of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists. EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.5msec, 3mA) was applied to the contralateral Zusanli point for 30 min. Results : In both models of chronic pain, WDR cell responses were greatly inhibited after EA stimulation. EA-induced inhibition of WDR celt responses was significantly attenuated by spinal application of non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, dihydroergocristine Of 5-HT receptor antagonists tested, 5-HT1A (WAY 100635) and 5-HT2 (LY53857) receptor antagonists strongly reduced an ability of EA stimulation to inhibit WDR cell responses. However, 5-HT1B (GR55562) and 5-HT3 (LY278584) receptor antagonists also had weak but significant blocking action on EA-induced inhibitory effect on chronic pain. Conclusions : Dorsal hem cell responses, afferent C fiber stimulation, chronic pain, electroacupuncture, serotonergic receptors.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sophorae Radix and the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). We used human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29 cells. We examined cell death by MTT assay and caspase 3 assay with Sophorae Radix. To examine the inhibitory effects of Sophorae Radix, cell cycle (sub G1) analysis was done the HT-29 cells after three days with Sophorae Radix. The reversibility of Sophorae Radix was examined on one day to five days treatment with $150{\mu}g$ Sophorae Radix. Sophorae Radix inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Also we showed that Sophorae Radix induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells by MTT assay, caspase 3 assay and sub-G1 analysis. Sophorae Radix combined with 5-FU markedly inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells compared to Sophorae Radix or 5-FU alone. After 3 days treatment of HT-29 cells with Sophorae Radix, the fraction of cells in sub-G1 phase was much higher than that of the control group. Our findings provide insight into unraveling the effects of Sophorae Radix in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and developing therapeutic agents against colorectal cancer.