• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.486-492
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of the two different Ni-Ti file systems and the two different engine systems in simulated canals. A total of four groups of each 10 were tested. Each group was instrumented with HeroShaper and Endo-Mate2 (Croup HE), HeroShaper and Tecnika (Croup HT), ProFile and Endo-Mate2 (Group PE), and ProFile and Tecnika (Croup PT). Canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post- instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed. The amounts of increased width and centering ratio were measured and calculated at apical 1, 3 and 5mm levels. These data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test The results of this study were as fellows ; 1. Canal preparation time of HT group was the shortest (p<0.05). 2. The amount of increased canal width in HE group was significantly larger than PT group at apical 1mm level (p<0.05) At apical 3mm level, PT group was significantly smaller than other groups (p<0.05). At apical 5mm level, PE group was significantly larger than PT group (p<0.05). 3. The amount of centering ratio in HE group was significantly larger than other groups (p<0.05). At apical 5mm level, HT group was significantly larger than PE group and PT group (p<0.05). Under the condition of this study, torque-controlled endodontic motor is safer than no torque controlled motor, especially when the active file is used.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2021

Background: Supraspinal delivery of neurotensin (NTS), which may contribute to the effect of a systemically administered agonist, has been reported to be either pronociceptive or antinociceptive. Here, we evaluated the effects of systemically administered NTSR1 agonist in a rat model of neuropathic pain and elucidated the underlying supraspinal mechanism. Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of intraperitoneally administered NTSR1 agonist PD 149163 was assessed using von Frey filaments. To examine the role of 5-HT neurotransmission, a serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist dihydroergocristine was pretreated intrathecally, and spinal microdialysis studies were performed to measure the change in extracellular level of 5-HT in response to PD 149163 administration. To investigate the supraspinal mechanism, NTSR1 antagonist 48692 was microinjected into the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) prior to systemic PD 149163. Additionally, the effect of intrathecal DHE on intra-RVM PD 149163 was assessed. Results: Intraperitoneally administered PD 149163 exhibited a dose-dependent attenuation of mechanical allodynia. This effect was partially reversed by intrathecal pretreatment with dihydroergocristine and was accompanied by an increased extracellular level of 5-HT in the spinal cord. The PD 149163-produced antinociception was also blocked by intra-RVM SB 48692. Direct injection of PD 149163 into the RVM mimicked the maximum effect of the same drug delivered intraperitoneally, which was reversed by intrathecal dihydroergocristine. Conclusions: These observations indicate that systemically administered NTSR1 agonist produces antinociception through the NTSR1 in the RVM, activating descending serotonergic projection to release 5-HT into the spinal dorsal horn.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 1985

The characteristic of fatigue crack growth in the homogeneous or the soft welded connections used SWS-53 steel and HT-80 steel as base metals is examined by fractographic analysis. As a result of this analysis, the fact that the characteristic of fatigue crack growth which is observed and measured at the surface has wide application to engineering practice is verified. Also, the fact that the welded parts of HT-80 steel have much danger of brittle fracture is prooved. Considering that the striations are observed at the welded parts of SWS-58 steel and the spacing of striations has higher numerical value than da/dN, we can prove that inner fatigue crack growth may develop in zig-zag directions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.299-303
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• 2012

Homosyringaldehyde was isolated and identified from the 80% methanol extract of roots of Cynanchum paniculatum. C. paniculatum has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases such as neurasthenia, insomnia, dysmenorrheal and toothache. This compound exerted significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal HT22 cell line by 37.53% (at the concentration of $100{\mu}M$). We investigated mode of action of this compound. Homosyringaldehyde ($100{\mu}M$) significantly decreased the ROS level and $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in the oxidative stress induced HT22 cells by oxidative glutamate toxicity. Thus, our results suggest that homosyringaldehyde significantly protect HT22 cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress, via antioxidative activities. As the results, we suggest that homosyringaldehyde may be useful in the treatment of neurogenerative disorders.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

Four thermo-tolerant lines of silkworm, Bombyx mori, (L.) viz., A HT, B HT (Chinese type) and F HT, G HT (Japanese type) were evolved by utilizing the breeding resource material (identified from initial screening at a temperature of 31 ${\pm} 1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 85 ${\pm}$ 5%) through conventional breeding. These tolerant lines were crossed with productive breeds and forty four hybrids were evaluated on eight economic traits by the Multiple Trait Evaluation Index Method. Ten hybrids were short-listed based on the average evaluation index value larger than 50 for eight economic traits studied. The identified ten hybrids recorded higher index values (＞ 50) for most of the traits studied. Single hybrid G ${\times}$ CSR12 indicated average index value larger than 50 for six traits viz., pupation number (58), cocoon weight (67), shell weight (65), average filament length (74), raw silk % (69), reelability % (51) except for shell ratio % (41). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the above hybrid was 8.41 in the hybrid cocoon length and width measurement. However, two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 recorded average index value larger than 50 for all the traits viz., pupation number (57, 60), cocoon weight (50, 54), shell weight (56, 57), shell ratio percentage (59, 53), average filament length (55, 60), raw silk percentage (63, 67) and reelability percentage (53, 53). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 was 8.41 and 8.06 respectively in the cocoon length and width measurement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1605-1610
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• 2012

Gelam and Nenas monofloral honeys were investigated in this study for their chemopreventive effects against HT 29 colon cancer cells. MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolim) assays showed more effective inhibition of colon cancer cells proliferation by Gelam honey with $IC_{50}$ values of 39.0 mg/ml and 85.5 mg/ml respectively after 24 hours of treatment. Alkali comet assays revealed both honeys increased DNA damage significantly in a dose dependent manner. In addition, annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry demonstrated that at $IC_{50}$ concentrations and above, both Gelam and Nenas honeys induced apoptosis significantlyat values higher than for necrosis (p<0.05). Measurement of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) confirmed that Gelam and Nenas honeys reduced its production in $H_2O_2$ inflammation-induced colon cancer cells. In conclusion, our study indicated and confirmed that both Gelam and Nenas honeys are capable of suppressing the growth of HT 29 colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing inflammation.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.81-96
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• 2019

The Yeongdeok 53m marine terrace (Y₅₃mT), Y₄₃mT, Y₃₃mT, Y₂₄mT, Y₁₉mT and Y₁₁mT distributed along the Yeongdeok coast, southeastern Korean Peninsula are well compared with the thalassostatic terraces of the high terrace 1 (ℓHT₁ ; 51m of the relative heights from the river floor), high terrace 2 (ℓHT₂ ; 43m), middle terrace 1 (ℓMT₁ ; 32m), middle terrace 2 (ℓMT₂ ; 25m), lower terrace 1 (ℓLT₁ ; 18m) and lower terrace 2 (ℓLT₂ ; 10m) respectively, developed along the lower reaches of the Chucksan-cheon and Obo-cheon rivers, judging from the comparison of paleosols (red soils) between the above marine and thalassostatic terraces. Using the Y₁₉mT of the MIS 5e as the key surface, we propose that the terraces of the Y₅₃mT and ℓHT₁, Y₄₃mT and ℓHT₂, T₃₃mT and ℓMT₁, Y₂₄mT and ℓMT₂, Y₁₉mT and ℓLT₁, and Y₁₁mT and ℓLT₂ have been formed at the MIS 11, 9, 7e and 7a (or 7a), 5e and 5a respectively. The red soils have been developed at the Y₁₉mT and ℓLT₁ and above them, but not on the Y₁₁mT and ℓLT₂ surfaces.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 1998

We examined the anti-invasive activity of ginsenosides Rhl, Rha on the highly metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. In vitro invasion assay showed ginsenoside Rhr reduced tumor cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane in a transwell chamber more than ginsenoside Rh1. Significant down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by ginsenosides Rh, and Rh2 was detected by Northern blot analysis. However, the expression of MMP-2 was not affected by Rh, and Rhr. The expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) was increased by Rhl after 0.5, 1 or 3 day-treatment but reduced after 6 day-treatment. However, the expression of TIMP-2 was not changed by treatment with Rh2. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and urokinase-type plasmlnogen activator (uPA) were not changed by treatment with Rh1 and Rh2 for 3 and 6 days. Quantitative gelatin-based zymography confirmed a markedly reduced expression of MMP-9 but MMP-2 after treatments with ginsenosides Rhl and Rha. These results suggest that down-regulation of MMP-9 contributes to the anti-invasive activity of ginsenosides Rhl and Rhr in the HT1080 cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2003

Conductive polyaniline(PANI)-camphosulfonic acid (CSA) film applied as a hole injection layer in ITO/PANI/P3HT/LiF/Al device. In the AFM images, electrochemically polymerized PANI-CSA films have the small particles and smooth sufficient for application as hole injection layer. By insertion of PANI-CSA buffer layer, the turn on voltage of ITO/PANI/P3HT/LiF/Al device lowed by 3V, whereas that of ITO/P3HT/LiF/Al device shows 5V.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 1999

Butyrate is one of the short-chain fatty acids that are present in the colon of mammals in millimolar concentration as a result of microbial anaerobic fermentation of dietary fiber, undigested starch, and proteins. In this study, sodium butyrate was examined in HT29 cell, human colonic cancer cell line, on cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, PLC-${\gamma}$1 expression and complex sphingolipid biosynthesis. Treatment with butyrate showed that the decrease of cell adhesion and viability was time-dependent. Sodium butyrate also induced to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase which is a differentiation marker enzyme and decrease the expression of PLC-${\gamma}$1. Biosynthesis of sphingomyelin and galactosylceramide by butyrate treatment were decreased so fast but ceramide was increased 680dpm/mg protein% more than untreated group on first day and then decreased fast. In addition, acid ceramidase and neutral ceramidase activity were inhibited early stage by sodium butyrate. These results suggest that sodium butyrate causes cell differentiation or cell growth arrest of HT29 cell accompanied by early increase of ceramide content and alkaline phosphatase activity and decrease of galactosylceramide content and PLC-r1 expression.