• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to prove the existence of the meridians by analyzing the effect of bloodletting cupping on Back-Shu Points and venesection on sabonghyeul, which are treatments for gastrointestinal and circulatory diseases with Ryodoraku. We selected the charts of 30 patients who received the treatment such as bloodletting cupping on Back-Shu Points and venesection on sabonghyeul for gastrointestinal and circulatory diseases. First, the Ryodoraku test was conducted in a stable state. After taking a rest on the bed, he performed a venesection on sabonghyeul. And bloodletting cupping on Back-Shu Points was performed with prone position. After all the procedures were completed, Ryodoraku test was performed again. And the result was compared with previous test status. By bloodletting cupping on Back-Shu Points and venesection on sabonghyeul, the deviation between the current value of the right F5 (gallbladder)· H4 (small intestine)· H6 (large intestine) (p<.05, p<.05, p<.001), left H5 (triple energizer) (p<.05) and the average current of 24 source points was significantly decreased. The difference between the left and right currents at the site of F3 (kidney) showed a significant increase (p<.005). It can be proved the existence of meridians that Bloodletting cupping on Back-Shu Points and venesection on sabonghyeul showed significant changes in the F5 (gallbladder), H4 (small intestine), H6 (large intestine), F3 (kidney), H5 (triple energizer) in digestive and circulatory symptoms by Ryodoraku test.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-31
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• 2008

Objective: To review the theoretic basis of the Sa-Ahm 5 Element acupuncture devised about 360 years ago, papers and books were researched. Methods: Total of 59 books and papers ranging from ancient Huang Di nei jing to modern Bio Medical Acupuncture for Pain Management were researched to study the basic theory of it in relation to the 5 Shu points, Results: Gao-mu in Chinese Ming dynasty, for the 1st time, had used 5 Shu points based on creation cycle as tonification and sedation treatment respectively and named it as 'tonification and sedation treatment of self meridian' but since then, this method, without special reasons, has been rarely used until Sa-Ahm's new doctrine that include the concept of destruction cycle was asserted. Conclusions: Sa-Ahm 5 Element acupuncture is a method which uses 5 Shu points from the viewpoints of simultaneous tonification and sedation methods which are based on promotion and control cycles. Though it is nowadays mostly-used method in accordance with practitioner's points, it needs to be set guidelines by which to effectively practice Sa-Ahm acupuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the first branch of the bladder meridian (FBBM) as determined by the proportional bone measurement method (PBMM), to the line formed by the erector spinae muscle group, and to establish an academic basis for selection of acupuncture points and needling. Methods: Sixty participants were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index (BMI) and into 2 groups based on waist/height ratios. The distance from the midline of the spine to the first branch of the bladder meridian with PBMM (DFBBM), and the distance from the midline of the spine to the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae (DMEFR), at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous processes of L1-L5, were measured. The DFBBM and the 5 DMEFRs were then analyzed according to BMI and the waist/height ratio. Results: DFBBM was statistically different from DMEFR in all back-shu points in the lumbar region. DFBBM was not significantly different from DMEFR in the groups with a high BMI or waist/height ratio. However, there was a statistical difference in the groups with a low or moderate BMI or low waist/height ratio. Conclusion: Since the location of the most elevated fleshy region of the erector spinae does not coincide with the location of the FBBM, the selection of back-shu points in the lumbar region must be performed precisely by PBMM.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.614-628
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• 1998

The effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on blood concentration of endocrine substances were investigated in 6 horses. Three acupuncture points ; Guan Yuan Shu(BL-26), Wei Shu(BL-21) and Da Chang Shu(BL-25) were stimulated for 20 minutes by EA at separate occasions under varying condition ; 2V-1Hz, 2V-5Hz, 2V-30Hz, 4V-1Hz, 4V-5Hz and 4V-30Hz. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), ${\beta}$-endorphin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and serum levels of gastrin were analysed. Blood samplings were carried out before, 0, 20 and 40 minutes after the EA stimulation. The serum gastrin levels were increased by 2V-5Hz stimulation on the Wei Shu. Plasma ACTH levels were decreased by 2V-1Hz stimulation on the Wei Shu, but largely increased by 4V-30Hz stimulation on the Guan Yuan Shu. Plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels were slightly increased or decreased by 2V-1Hz stimulation, but largely increased by 4V-30Hz stimulation on the Guan Yuan Shu. Plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were not so much changed by 2V-1Hz or 5Hz stimulation, but tended to increase by 4V-30Hz stimulation on Guan Yuan Shu. These results suggest that the low voltage-low frequence EA stimulation increased blood concentration of gastrin, but decreased ACTH, ${\beta}$-endorphin, epinephrine and norepinephrine, whereas high voltage-high frequence EA stimulation induced opposite results. Accordingly, there appears to be a close relationship between the changes of gastrointestinal motility and the changes of blood concentration of endocrine substances by EA stimulation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the relation to the organs, shu points and mu points. The labeled common locations of the spinal cord and brain were observed following injection of pseudorabies virus(PRV) into the the kidney, UB23 and GB25. Methods : After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, The fifteen rats were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope. Results : In spinal cord, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the kidney, BL23 and GB25 were founded in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Dense labeled areas of cervical segments were overlap in lateral cervical n. and lamina III-V area. Thoracic segments were overlap in lateral spinal n., intermediolateral n. and lamina V-X areas. Lumbar segments were overlap in lamina I-V areas. Sacral segments were overlap in lamina IV, V and X areas. In brain, PRV labeled areas projecting to the kidney, UB23 and GB25 were overlap in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular n./rostroventrolaterai n., raphe obscurus n,, raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., gigantocellular reticular n., locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus n., A5 cell group and paraventricular hypothalamic n.. Conclusions : This results suggest that PRV labeled overlap areas of projecting to the kidney may be correlated to shu and mu points related to the kidney. These morphological results provide that organs-shu(transport) and mu(alarm) points interrelationship may be related to the central autonomic pathways.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.183-199
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• 1998

The effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on gastrointestinal motility were investigated in 6 horses. Three acupuncture points ; Guan Yuan Shu(BL-26), Wei Shu(BL-21) and Da Chang Shu(BL-25) were stimulated for 20 minutes by EA at separate occasions under varying condition ; 2V-1Hz, 2V-5Hz, 2V-30Hz, 4V-1Hz, 4V-5Hz and 4V-30Hz. Myoelectric activity of stomach and cecum was monitored to investigate the gastrointestinal motility. Electromyogram(EMG) recordings were carried out before, 0, 20 minutes after and 40 minutes after the EA stimulation. EMG bipolar electrode was surgically implanted in seromuscular layer of greater curvature in the stomach and between medial band and ventral band in the cecum. The EA stimulation and monitoring were not commenced until 15 days after electrode implantation. The EA stimulation of Wei Shu influenced on stomach motility and that of Da Chang Shu on, cecum motility. However, the EA stimulation of Guan Yuan Shu influenced on both the stomach and the cecum motility. The myoelectrical spike burst amplitude of the stomach and the cecum was significantly(p<0.05) increased by 2V-1Hz stimulation, but the myoelectrical spike burst frequence of the stomach and the cecum was significantly decreased by 2V-30Hz or 4V-30Hz stimulation. The myoelectrical spike burst duration of the stomach and the cecum was significantly lengthened by 4V-30Hz and 2V or 4V-30Hz stimulation, respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2019

Background: The phrase "Nine Needles" refers to the 9 types of acupuncture needles describing their shapes, sizes, and uses in Huangdi's Internal Classic Ling-shu. The aim of this study was to present 3D illustrations of the "Nine Types of Needles" based on Huangdi's Internal classic Ling-shu, taking into consideration the conformation and application of the Nine Needles. Methods: Sketches of the "Nine Needles" were based on references to those needles cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic Ling-shu, the Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and the Golden Mirror of Medicine. The computer programs Creo 3.0, Keyshot 5, Adobe Photoshop CS5, and Adobe Illustrator CS5 were used for 3D modelling and visualization. Results: Based on a review of Huangdi's Internal Classic Ling-shu, illustrations of the Spade needle, Round-Pointed needle, Pressure needle, Sharp-Edged needle, Sword-Shaped needle, Round-Sharp needle, Fine needle, Long needle, and Large needle, 3D models were created. The Spade needle had a sharp, large head, the Round-Pointed needle had an egg-shaped tip, and the Pressure needle had a blunt head like a grain of millet. The Sharp-Edged needle had a sharp blade with a triangular edge for bloodletting. The Sword-Shaped needle resembled a sword. The Round-Sharp needle resembled a horse's tail. The Fine needle and the Long needle had sharp points and thin bodies. The Large needle had a cylindrical shaft and rounded tip. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 3D illustrations could be generated for the Nine Needles according to the descriptions and figures provided in the ancient literature.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dry cupping treatment applied to back-shu points on the autonomic nervous system. Methods : Two groups of sympathicotonia and normal with each 30 volunteers were set up for this experiment. The sympathicotonia group was selected by the criterion for sympathicotonia by the questionnaire composed of 11 items. After 10 minutes for environmental adaptation, the first HRV(heart rate variability) test was conducted, and then, dry cupping therapy was applied to back-shu points for 5 minutes to stimulate sympathetic ganglia lying along the spine. The second HRV test was carried out just after the cupping therapy under the same condition and then, the third test was repeated after two hours based on the first test time. Results : 1. In sympathicotonia group, SDNN(standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals), RMSSD(the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals), Ln(HF)(high frequency power), nmHF(normalized high frequency power) increased and mHR(mean heart rate), nmLF(normalized low frequency power) decreased significantly right after dry cupping therapy which means dry cupping affects on autonomic nervous system. The effect lasts in these items of nmLF, Ln(HF), nmHF, rLHF(rate ratio of LF/HF). 2. In normal group, SDNN, RMSSD increased and mHR decreased significantly right after dry cupping therapy, too. But, Ln(LF)(low frequency power), nmLF, rLHF unexpectedly increased and nmLF, rLHF stay increased up to 2 hours. Conclusions : The results suggest that the dry cupping therapy has effect on the autonomic nervous system. It is effective to stabilize hyper-sympathetic tone of people diagnosed as Sympathicotonia and activate parasympathetic tone.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.337-380
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• 1996

'Nei Jing(內徑)' first defined the interrelationship of the true and tile false between evil factor affecting health(雅氣) and vital essence energy(精氣). According to 「'Nei Jing(內徑)', the above interrelationship is explained as 'If state of evil domination is considered as sthenia-syndrome(雅氣盛則實), if the consumption of healthy energy Is considered as asenia-syndrome(精氣尊則虛): 'Nei Jing(內徑)', proposed major features of the medicall treatment by 'regluate the vatal energy of asthenia and sthenia, treat the sthenia-syndrome by purgation, and treat the asenia-syndrome by therapy of invigoration(調其氣之虛實, 實則瀉之, 虛則補之): The above interrelationship was interpreted as 'treat the asthenia-syndrome of child organ by invigorating the mother organ(虛者補其母)'in the 69th of 'The Classic on Difficulty',(難經 六十九難). Go-Mu(高武) of Myung-dynasty describe therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法), which locating acupuncture points according to the Therorr of Five Element in the five shu points of itself-meridian(自經 五유穴), based on the generation in the ${\ulcorner}$A Synthetical Book of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(針灸聚英)${\lrcorner}$, Sae-hyun Jang(張世賢) further extended location acupuncture points of the five shu points to the other-meridian in the ${\ulcorner}$Gyeo Jung Do Ju Nan Gyung(校正圖註難經)${\lrcorner}$ Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) was originated in 1644, the middle of the Yi-dynasty. It linked the reinforcing and reducing in acupuncture therapy which incorporated tlle asthenia-syndrome and sthenia-syndrome of the hollow organs, based on principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory(陰陽五行學說), not only to the generation in the 5 element(相生關係) but also to the restriction in the 5 element(相剋關係). Furthermore it was devised for the medical treatment by comning therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法) with that of the other-meridian. Even though many original forms(正形) of the therapy for invigoration and purgation of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory comply with the principle of the generation and the restriction based on the principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory are abailable, variational forms(變形) are also recognized by examining the nature of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法), For this reason, it is very difficult to understand the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) thoroughly. therefore, those variational forms are obstacles for the beginners to study the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method. In order to understand the principle of the practical clinical application of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method, this study investigated which principle was based on the variations of the locating acupuncture points' method for the acupuncture prescription.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-232
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• 2000

Objective : The meridian and the acupuncture point of oriental medicine are very important in the department of acupuncture and moxibustion. Recently, we needed to study on the phenomenon of the meridian and acupuncture point with objective data. And then, I made a study of effects on the thermal changes of Five-shu-points(五輸穴) of the Lung meridian with acupuncture on Taeyon($L_9$, 太淵), using Digital infrared thermal imaging(D.I.T.I). Method : This study researched into clinical statistics for 60 men who are in good health. The objective was divided into two groups, one was the control group(CON, N=30) and the other was acupuncture group(ACU, N=30). The first, I took a picture for 60 men with the Digital infrared thermal imaging(D.I.T.I.). After 10 minutes, I took a second picture for each group following experimental methods. Results : I. The Mean temperature of Sasang($L_{11}$), Oje($L_{10}$), Taeyon($L_9$), Kyonggo($L_8$), Choldaek($L_5$) and Taenung($P_7$) area in adult men with good health, made a no significant difference with left and right side points. 2. Acupuncture group with acupuncture stimularion on Taeyon($L_9$) had a effect on much thermal changes of Sasang($L_{11}$), Oje($L_{10}$), Taeyon($L_9$), Kyonggo($L_8$) and Choldaek($L_5$) than control group. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Lung Meridian of acupuncture group differed from control group with significant decrease and increase following the decreasing or increasing temperature class. Each class of ascent and descent thermal change was statistically significant value compared with control group. 3. Acupuncture group with acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$) had not a effect on thermal changes of Taenung($P_7$) area than control group. And the increasing and decreasing temperature class of the acupuncture group did not significantly differ from control group. Conclusion : I could think that the acupuncture on Taeyon($L_9$) affected the thermal change of the area which is the Five-shu-points in the Lung Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and acupuncture point.