• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.547-565
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• 2016

In this work a new 3-unknown non-polynomial shear deformation theory for the buckling and vibration analyses of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates is presented. The present theory accounts for non-linear in plane displacement and constant transverse displacement through the plate thickness, complies with plate surface boundary conditions, and in this manner a shear correction factor is not required. The main advantage of this theory is that, in addition to including the shear deformation effect, the displacement field is modelled with only 3 unknowns as the case of the classical plate theory (CPT) and which is even less than the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The plate properties are assumed to vary according to a power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. Equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions of natural frequency and critical buckling load for functionally graded sandwich plates are obtained using the Navier solution. The results obtained for plate with various thickness ratios using the present non-polynomial plate theory are not only substantially more accurate than those obtained using the classical plate theory, but are almost comparable to those obtained using higher order theories with more number of unknown functions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

The present study deals with the determination of optimal values of operating parameters such as the temperature of heating, the mass of the plant material and the volume of water leading to the best yield of electromagnetic induction (EMI) heating extraction of Algerian Thymus fontanesii essential oil. After an appropriate choice of the three critical variables, eight experiments leaded to a mathematical model as a first-degree polynomial presenting the response function (yield) in the relation to the operating parameters. From the retained model, we were able to calculate the average response, the different effects and their interactions. The maximum of essential oil recovery percentage relative to the initial mass of plant material was 1.69%, and was obtained at ($140^{\circ}C$, 250 g and 4.5 L). The chemical composition of the Algerian T. fontanesii essential oil under the obtained optimal conditions ($140^{\circ}C$, 250 g and 4.5 L), determined by GC/MS and GC/FID, reveled of the presence of major components such as: carvacrol ($70.6{\pm}0.1%$), followed by p-cymene ($8.2{\pm}0.2%$).

• Advances in nano research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.177-191
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• 2015

In this article, various higher-order shear deformation theories (HSDTs) are developed for bending and buckling behaviors of nanowires including surface stress effects. The most important assumption used in different proposed beam theories is that the deflection consists of bending and shear components and thus the theories have the potential to be utilized for modeling of the surface stress influences on nanowires problems. Numerical results are illustrated to prove the difference between the response of the nanowires predicted by the classical and non-classical solutions which depends on the magnitudes of the surface elastic constants.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.693-710
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• 2015

This paper presents a nonlocal shear deformation beam theory for bending, buckling, and vibration of functionally graded (FG) nanobeams using the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen. The developed theory account for higher-order variation of transverse shear strain through the depth of the nanobeam, and satisfy the stress-free boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the nanobeam. A shear correction factor, therefore, is not required. In addition, this nonlocal nanobeam model incorporates the length scale parameter which can capture the small scale effect and it has strong similarities with Euler-Bernoulli beam model in some aspects such as equations of motion, boundary conditions, and stress resultant expressions. The material properties of the FG nanobeam are assumed to vary in the thickness direction. The equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions are presented for a simply supported FG nanobeam, and the obtained results compare well with those predicted by the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1320-1328
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• 2013

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the ME value, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) of fish meal, and the effects of single cell protein (Prosin and Protide) replacing fish meal in diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, twenty-four barrows with initial BW of $30.8{\times}2.6kg$ were allotted to one of four dietary treatments. Diet 1 contained corn as the only energy source. The other three diets replaced 20% of the corn in diet 1 with one of the three protein feeds (fish meal, Prosin and Protide), and the DE and ME contents were determined by difference. In Exp. 2, eight barrows (initial BW of $25.6{\pm}3.2kg$) were fitted with ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Three cornstarch-based diets were formulated using each of the protein feeds as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. In Exp. 3, one hundred and eighty piglets (initial BW of $7.95{\pm}1.59kg$) weaned at $28{\times}2d$ were blocked by weight and assigned to one of five treatments for a 28-d growth performance study, each treatment was fed to six pens with six pigs (three barrows and three gilts) per pen. The five treatments consisted of the control group (CON), which was a corn-soybean meal diet containing 5% fish meal, and the other four treatments, which replaced a set amount of fish meal with either Prosin (2.5% or 5%) or Protide (2.5% or 5%). The diets were formulated to provide same nutrient levels. The results showed that on a DM basis, both of the DE and ME contents were lower in Prosin and Protide than that of fish meal (p<0.05). The SID of CP and all essential AA were greater in fish meal than in Prosin and Protide (p<0.05). The pigs fed CON diet had greater weight gain and lower feed conversion rate (FCR) than pigs fed 5% Prosin and 5% Protide diets (p<0.05). The digestibility of CP was greater in pigs fed CON, 2.5% Prosin and 2.5% Protide diets than the pigs fed 5% Prosin and 5% Protide diets (p<0.05). Villus height in jejunum and ileum, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum were higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed CON, 2.5% Prosin and 2.5% Protide diets compared with the 5% Prosin and 5% Protide diets. Pigs fed CON diet had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum than the pigs fed 5% Prosin and 5% Protide diets (p<0.05). In conclusion, although Prosin and Protide contained lower ME content and SID of AA than fish meal, Prosin and Protide replacing 50% of fish meal in diet with identical nutrient levels could obtain similar performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)curve is the method that estimate detected insignificant signal from the human's sense of sight, it has been raised excellent results. In this study, we evaluate image quality and equipment character by obtaining a chest image from CR(Computed Radiography) and DDR(Direct Digital radiography) using the human chest phantom, The parameter of exposure for obtaining chest image was 120 kVp/3.2 mAs and the SID(Source to Image Distance) was 180cm. The images were obtained by CR(AGFA MD 4.0 General plate, JAPAN) and DDR(HOLOGIC nDirect Ray, USA). Using some pieces of Aluminum and stone for expressing regions, then attached them on the heart, lung and thoracic vertebrae of the phantom. 29 persons hold radiology degrees were participated in ROC analysis. As a result of the ROC analysis, TPF(true positive fraction) and FPF(false positive fraction) of DDR and CR are 0.552 and 0.474 and 0.629 and 0.405, respectively. By using the results, the ROC curve of CR has higher image quality than DDR. According to the theory, DDR has the higher image quality than CR in chest X-ray image. But, CR has the higher image quality than DDR. quality of DDR inserted the enhance board. The results confirmed that image post-processing is important element decipherment of clinical.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 2011

A 6-year-old female Shih-tzu dog was referred with left elbow joint mass associated with weight bearing lameness. Ultrasonography demonstrated an encapsulated hyperechoic mass at the left elbow joint. Radiography was performed on elbow joint, chest, and abdomen, but there was no evidence of metastasis. Clinicopathologic examination revealed the existence of neoplastic cells with anisocytosis, pleomorphism and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The left forelimb was amputated for cure. Histopathological examination diagnosed the mass as a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. During the 4 weeks follow-up, the patient showed full remission and adopted to walk with remaining three legs. Thereafter, the tumor recurred after 5 months of first surgery at the operation site and other two cutaneuos regions. Cytology test revealed the mesenchymal originated tumor cells with malignancy. These tumors were surgically removed and histopathological examination of the resected tissue revealed the recurrence of primary tumor and metastasis. Metronomic therapy with cyclophophamide (10 mg/$m^2$, PO, sid) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg, PO, sid) had been adopted for 5 months. At 26 months of follow up after the first surgery, the dog alive with satisfactory quality of life. Aggressive surgical resection with metronomic chemotherapy should be the most effective treatment for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.72-82
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• 2021

Purpose: A high anion gap (AG) is known to be a significant risk factor for serious acid-base imbalances and death in acute poisoning cases. The strong ion difference (SID), or strong ion gap (SIG), has recently been used to predict in-hospital mortality or acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This study presents a comprehensive acid-base analysis in order to identify the predictive value of the SIG for disease severity in severe poisoning. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on acute poisoning patients treated in the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2015 and November 2020. Initial serum electrolytes, base deficit (BD), AG, SIG, and laboratory parameters were concurrently measured upon hospital arrival and were subsequently used along with Stewart's approach to acid-base analysis to predict AKI development and in-hospital death. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were used as statistical tests. Results: Overall, 343 patients who were treated in the intensive care unit were enrolled. The initial levels of lactate, AG, and BD were significantly higher in the AKI group (n=62). Both effective SID [SIDe] (20.3 vs. 26.4 mEq/L, p<0.001) and SIG (20.2 vs. 16.5 mEq/L, p<0.001) were significantly higher in the AKI group; however, the AUC of serum SIDe was 0.842 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.799-0.879). Serum SIDe had a higher predictive capacity for AKI than initial creatinine (AUC=0.796, 95% CI=0.749-0.837), BD (AUC=0.761, 95% CI=0.712-0.805), and AG (AUC=0.660, 95% CI=0.607-0.711). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that diabetes, lactic acidosis, high SIG, and low SIDe were significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Initial SIDe and SIG were identified as useful predictors of AKI and in-hospital mortality in intoxicated patients who were critically ill. Further research is necessary to evaluate the physiological nature of the toxicant or unmeasured anions in such patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.875-880
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• 2016

The plasma membrane plays a crucial role in relaying signals from the outside environment to the inside of the cells. In eukaryotic cells, the inner leaflets of the plasma membrane are composed mostly of phospholipids, including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositides (PIs). In this study, we tried to analyze the morphological changes induced by EGFP-fused membrane binding proteins, which are targeted to the plasma membrane via specific phospholipids binding. As a result, we found that overexpression of EGFP-P4M-SidM, a specific PI4P binding protein, or EGFP alone, did not induce any morphological changes. On the other hand, overexpression of EGFP-PLCδ1(PH), which is a specific PI(4,5)P₂ binding protein, EGFP-AKT1(PH) which binds to PI(3,4,5)P₃, or EGFP-OSH2(PH)×2 which binds to PI4P and PI(4,5)P₂, could induce the filopodia and lamilapodia formation as well as cell shrinkage. Overexpression of Lact-C2-EGFP which is a specific PS-binding probe, EGFP fused Aplysia phosphodiesterase 4 (ApPDE4) long-form (L(N20)-EGFP) which is localized to the plasma membrane via hydrophobic interaction, or EGFP fused Aplysia PDE4 short-form (S(N-UCR1-2)-EGFP) which is localized to the plasma membrane via electrostatic interaction, could induce cell shrinkage, but not filopodia or lamilapodia formation. Taken together, our data support that the different phospholipid bindings in the plasma membrane could induce different characteristic morphological changes. Thus, we can analyze, characterize, and classify the cellular morphological changes induced by the various phospholipid binding proteins.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2019

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a vast array of physical and psychological symptoms. Of the herbal supplements mentioned for remedy PMS symptoms, chamomile used as an effective herbal medicine. The overall purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy of chamomile on the treatment PMS. An extensive research review using Web of Science, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register database, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Psych INFO, Social Science Research Network, SID, Google Scholar, Iran Doc, Magiran and Iran Medex. Eligible studies were identified from English and Persian databases, published between 1990 and 2019. Studies were screened independently by two researchers who performed the data extraction. Of Twenty-seven studies identified, Eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Chamomile has been used to treat PMS relief because of therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory effects (Chamazulene and α-Bisabolol); anti-spasmodic effects (Apigenin, Quercetin, and Luteolin, Metoxicomarin, Matrisin, and Phytoestrogens); anti-anxiety effects (Glycine, Flavonoid). The results of this review show that Chamomile is effective for the treatment of PMS. Based on these results, we believe that Chamomile can be used as good herbal medicine to treat in women with PMS.