• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2002

일부 야생 및 배양 버섯중의 sterol 및 vitamin $D_2함량을 측정하였다. 야생버섯의 부위별 이들 성분의 분포 또한 평가되었다. 또 야생버섯의 자실체의 vitamin $D_2함량의 변화도 연구되었다. vitamin $D_2는 비누화 및 반예비 순상 HPLC 정제를 포함하는 방법을 사용한 후 HPLC법을 사용하여 측정하였는데, 내부 표준품을 이용한 분석용 역상컬럼을 이용한 정량을 하였다. Sterol 함량은 GC로 분석되었으며, 내부표준품을 사용하였다. 비누화 후에 sterol을 trimethylsily1 ester로 유도체화하여 분석의 시료로 하였다. 질량분석이 sterol류의 동정을 확인하기 위하여 사용되었다. 배양 버섯에서는 vitamin $D_2는 거의 존재하지 않았으나, 일부 야생 버섯은 이들 vitamin을 다량(4.7- 194$\mug$/ 100g 건물중) 함유하고 있었다. Ergosterol은 버섯류 중에 가장 많이 존재하는 sterol이었으며, 야생버섯류(296-489 mg/ 100g 건물중)보다 배양버섯류(602.1-678.6 mg/ 100g 건물중)에서 높은 함량을 보였다. Vitamin D2와 ergosterol의 함량은 버섯류의 부위에 따라 아주 다양하거나 적당한 변화를 보였으며, 자루부위에서 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 더욱이 개체별 자실체간의 vitamin $D_2함량간에도 많은 차이를 보였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1996

The trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins characterized by the 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene ring system. We have tested cytotoxicity of several naturally-occurring or synthesized trichothecenes against human solid tumor cell lines. Among them, trichothecin(I) and $4-\beta$-Acetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (trichodermin, II) exhibited highly cytotoxic activities. 4-.betha.-Hydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (trichodermol, III) and $4-\beta$-Methoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (IV) had mild cytotoxicities. But 12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-ene-4-one (V) and $4-\beta$-Hydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene(VI) had no cytotoxicities up to 10 $\mug/ml$. And in the tested cell lines, HCT15 colon cancer cell line was the most sensitive to all tested trichothecenes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Objectives : In present study, we investigated a therapeutic effect and optimum dose of Socheongryong-Tang (SCT) on LPS-induced lung inflammation rats model. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats ($260{\pm}10g$) were divided into 12 groups : Group 1 included the normal rats, and Group 2-12 were administrated LPS by intranasal injection to induce experimental lung inflammation. After 1 day of LPS administration, Group 3-9 were treated with SCT ${\times}1/4$, ${\times}1/2$, ${\times}1$, ${\times}3$, ${\times}6$, ${\times}12$ or ${\times}18$, respectively. Group 10-12 (positive control) were treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg or acetylcystein 1.5 mg/kg or diclofenac sodium 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. After sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was isolated. The levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, mucin glycoprotein 5AC (MUG5AC) were measured in BALF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results : LPS injected rats exhibited outstanding lung inflammation manifestations, including increased amount of total cells and neutrophil, and upregulated inflammatory cytokines level in BALF. However, the administration of SCT ${\times}1/4$, ${\times}1/2$ and ${\times}1$ decreased total cells and neutrophil, and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, including $IL-1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, and MUG5AC in BALF. Notably, inhibitory effect of SCT ${\times}1/2$ and ${\times}1$ on the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ was markedly better than that of positive controls, dexamethasone and acetylcystein. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that SCT ${\times}1/2$ and ${\times}1$ has therapeutic effects on LPS-induced lung inflammation rats model.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.599-609
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• 1998

In search for new antitumor agents, twelve 6-aziridinylbenzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxicities were tested against three cancer cell lines (mouse lymphocytic leukemia P388 and B16, and human gastric carcinoma SNU-16). From 4-amino-3-nitrotoluene as the starting material, 2-(acetoxymethyl)benzimidazoles (5a-d) were obtained by Phillips reaction. These benzimidazoles were then reacted with Fremy's salt to give a mixture of three 2-(acetoxymethyl) (8a-c) and four 2-(hydroxymethyl)benzimidazole-4,7-diones (9a-d). Addition of these quinones with aziridine afforded 6-aziridinyl-2-(acetoxymethyl) (10a-c) and 6-aziridinyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)benzimidazole-4,7-diones (11a-d). Utilizing 2-(hydroxymethyl)benzimidazole-4,7-diones (9b,d), esters 10d and 13e-h were prepared by the sequential reactions of esterification and addition. The synthesized compounds show potent cytotoxicity against all of three cell lines tested. The cytotoxicities of 10a-d or 11a-d against SNU-16 were wuperior to those of 13e-h, and were equal to or slightly higher than that of mitomycin C. compounds 11a-d were slightly more cytotoxic than 10a-d in all cell lines tested.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.535-542
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• 1996

Seven isoazamitosene derivatives, mitomycin analogues, were synthesized and tested for cytotoxicities against leukemia and gastric cancer cell lines. Preparation of a pyrrolo[1, 2-a]benzimidazole (3) (azamitosene ring system) was completed by utilizing the Lewis acid-catalized cyclization, with .omicron.-chloronitrotoluene as the starting material. Nitration of 3 produced a mixtue of two isomers (5-nitro isomer (4) and 7-nitro isomer (5)) in product ratio of 36 : 52. 4 was directly converted into quinone (7) by reduction and Fremy oxidaton. Finally, quinone derivatives (8, 9, 10, and 11) were synthesized by 1, 4-addition of 7 with cyclic secondary amines. From above-mentioned 5, 8-nitro compound (15) was prepared in 4 steps. At pH 3, Fremy oxidation of 15 produced quinone (16), whereas iminoquinone derivatives (17a and 17b) at pH 7. Isoazamitosene derivatives (8, 9, 10, and 11), containing cyclic amino groups at the 7-position, showed potent cytotoxicity on P388, SNU-1, and KHH tumor cell lines. Among them, 8 had stronger cytotoxicity against SNU-1 cell line than mitomycin and adriamycin. Considering these results, isoazamitosene derivatives may had unique cytotoxicity profiles. However, isoiminoazamitosene derivatives (17a and 17b) revealed very weak cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1148-1157
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• 2006

A hyperthermophilic bacterium Thernotoga maritima produced thermostable ${\beta}-glucosidase$. The gene encoding ${\beta}-glucosidase$ from T. maritima MSB8 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The en-zyme (BgIB) hydrolyzed ${\beta}-glucosidase$ linkages between glucose and alkyl, aryl of saccharide groups such as salicin, arbutin, and $_pNPG$. The insert DNA contained ORF with 2,166 bp encodes a 721 amino acids (calculated molecular mass of 80,964 and pl of 4.93). The amino a.id sequence of BglB showed the similarity to family 3 glycosyl hydrolases. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 81kDa by MUG-nondenaturing PAGE (4-methylumbelliferyl 13-D-glucoside-nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electophoresis) and SDS-PACE. The ${\beta}-glucosidase$ exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.0 and $80^{\circ}C$. By exchanging two possible residues (Glu-232 and Asp-242) to Ala by site-directed mutagenesis method, it was found that these were essential for enzymatic activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.810-815
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• 2004

Many biological properties and the clinical potential of human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) draw much attention to its high-level expression in mammalian cells. Recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, using the recently developed expression system which confers position-independent expression. Stable CHO cell lines carrying several hundred amplified copies of the rhIL-2 gene were easily obtained and rhIL-2 was expressed at high levels after selection with increasing concentrations of methotrexate. Interestingly, the insertion of the transcription terminator of the human gastrin gene into the downstream region of the gene for rhIL-2 considerably increased rhIL-2 expression. Using the expression system with the transcription terminator, it was possible to get a CHO cell line expressing the rhIL-2 at a very high level, about $11.4\mug/10^6$ cell/day, which is about 6 times higher than that previously reported. The biological activity of the rhIL-2 protein purified from the cell line was also confirmed by the cell proliferation assay.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 1996

A homologous series of twenty, hitherto unreported, analogues of 5-halosubstituted $1, 3-Bis(\omega-cyanoalkyl)uracil$acyclic nucleosides were synthesized by the series of alkylation reactions of 5-halouracils with the corresponding chloroacetonitrile, chloropropionitrile, chlorobutyronitrile and 5-chlorovaleronitrile $(Cl-(C_ 2)_n-CN: n=l, 2, 3, 4)\; in\; anhydrous\; DMSO\; (or DMF)/K_2CO_3(or NaH)\; under\; 75^{\circ}C$ temperature. Antitumor activities for the synthesized compounds were determined against three cell lines (FM-3A cell, P-388 cell and U-938 cell lines). The compounds that exhibited moderate activity to significant activity, included la-b, 2a-b, 3a-c, and 4a, whose compounds were active against P-388, FM-3A and U-937 cell lines with the compounds la, lb, and 2a, showing significant antitumor activity (inhibitory concentrations $(IC_{50})$ ranged from 2.2 to $7.0\mug/ml$). Their strucrure-activity relationship did not show any activity differences in their effective chain length (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) in 1, 3-bis(.omega.-cyanoalkyl) uracils.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.392-398
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• 1997

A method of selective determination of inorganic and organic mercury compounds has been described. The $CHCl_3$ solution of a high molecular quaternary alkylammonium salt, Aliquat 336 was used for the simultaneous preconcentration of both inorganic, $Hg^{2+}$ as its thiocyanate complex, and organic mercury compounds, $CH_3HgCl$ and $C_2H_3O_2$ $HgC_6H_5$ by extraction from their aqueous solution. Selective separation of the inorganic mercury from the extract was followed by stripping with 3 M $HClO_4 $ solution for the subsequent determination by CVAAS. Organic mercury was also determined by CVAAS after removal of $CHCl_3solvent$ from the extract and decomposition of the residue with 4% $KMnO_4 $-1 MH_2$S0_4$. The mixtures of inorganic and organic mercury compounds contained 1.0 $\mug$ as Hg in 50 mL of sample solution(0.02 ${\mu}gHg/mL$) were analysed within ${\pm}6%$ by absolute errors.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

The population shifts of Monilinia fructicola isolates which were resistant to the fungicide benzimidazoles were investigated in four regions of Korea from 1998 to 2000. The isolation frequency of benzimidazole-resistant isolates ranged from 18.8% to 29.6% in Chongdo and from $22.0\%$ to $26.8\%$ in Gyeongsan during the same period. However, the frequency of benzimidazoleresistant isolates was less than $4.0\%$ in Chochiwon and Youngduk during the same period. Benzimidazoleresistant isolates showed cross-resistance among benzimidazoles. On the other hand, none of the isolates showed cross-resistance to diethofencarb and carbendazim. Regardless of the year, the benzimidazole-resistant isolates of $EC_{50}$ higher than 500 $\mug%$ a.i./ml were isolated more frequently in mid and late season than in early season. In an orchard of Gyeongsan that had not been exposed to any fungicides for several years, the population of benzimidazole-resistant isolate had persisted without much fluctuation for three years. These results suggest that benzimidazole resistance of M. fructicola is becoming a problem in controlling brown rot and blossom blight of peach in regions like Chongdo and Gyeongsan.