• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2000

Objectives : It is well known that vegetables and fruits contain minerals, including potassium, sodium and phosphorus etc. Though most oriental herbal medications are made of natural plants, western scientists suppose that they also contain certain amounts of minerals and so are injurious to kidney disease such as chronic renal disease. However, by the reason of the limitation of western medical treatment on kidney disease, many patients depend on oriental medical treatment, which includes taking oriental herbal medicine. So, in order to find out the mineral contents in oriental herbal medicine, and to establish the oriental herbal medication's safety in kidney disease, studies were performed. Methods : In this study, we analyzed 42 oriental herbs commonly used in kidney disease by the Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) method. Results : 1. The potassium and sodium contents of oriental herbs were 3-10 times as much as of food. 2. The mineral contents of a daily dose of oriental herbal medicine satisfied the restriction of dietary mineral in CRF, though the amount of mineral intakes by food was considered. Conclusions : The mineral contents of oriental herbal medicine are less than the limits of mineral restriction in renal failure. The yielded results, we carefully suggest that oriental herbal medicine does not induce accumulation of minerals or damage in kidney disease patients.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out Herbal medicine effective to the hypertensive patients. Methods: The present study was done over 42 chinese papers about hypertension from 2000 to 2006. We calculated frequency of the herbs used to treatment for hypertension. Result & Conclusion: 1. In 42 herbal medicines, Gamibanhabaekchulcheonmatang and Gamitaeksatang showed high frequency. 2. In 125 herbs, RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE(丹蔘) showed highest frequency. And RAMULUS ETUNCUS UNCARIAE(釣鉤藤), RADIX ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE(牛膝), RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA(白芍藥), RHIZOMA ALISMATIS(澤瀉), RHIZOMA CNIDII(川芎), PORIA(白茯苓), RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE(天麻), SPICA PRUNELLAE(夏枯草), CONCHA HALIOTIDIS(石決明) showed high frequency.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2007

We re-classified traditional medicinal prescriptions in Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam for the modern application using Tradimed database. They could be devided into 6 categories by the definitions of the related laws. Herbal ethical drugs are the majority, 3926 items, account for 60.21% of total items. Herbal Health Functional Foods stands second, 1480 items, 22.70%, Herbal over the counter drugs are 893 items, 13.69%. These three categories are about 83% of total items. Herbal medical supplies are 158 items, 2.42%, Herbal medical tools are 44 items, 0.67%, Herbal cosmetics are 20 items, occupied 0.31 %. Therefore we have known that traditional medicinal prescriptions can be used not only as drugs, but also as funtional foods, cosmetics, and tools. So they should be developed as modern products to make best use of them. And we suggested that we need official criteria of herbs of careful use and higher standards for herbs which can be used as foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2000

In many cases of human cancer, the appearance of hypersialylated glycan structures is related to a precise stage of the disease ; this may depend on the elebated sialyltransferase activity during carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Oriental medicinal herbs on enzymatic activities of two kinds ofsialyltransferase, Gal $\beta$ 1,3GalNAc$\alpha$2,3-sialyltransferase(ST3Gal I) and Gal $\beta$ 1,4GlcNAc $\alpha$2,6-sialyltransterases(ST6Gal I), which are well known as glycosyltransterases associated with cancer. The aqueous extracts of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi, Coptidis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhiza urlensis Fisch, Bupleuri Radix and Platycodi Radix were prepared and tested, respectively. At concentration of 100$\mu$g, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch showed the highest inhibitory effects(about 42% and 57%, respectively) on ST3Gal Iand ST6Gal Iactivities. ST3GAl I was inhibited about 23% by Scutellaria baicalensi G댁햐, but not by the other samples, whereas ST6Gal I was inhibited about 20% and 40%,respectively, by Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleuri Radix. All inhibitory effects were obtained in a concentration-dependent manner.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2012

Donguibogam, Korea's cultural heritage and traditional Oriental medicine book listed in the World Heritage three years ago, is indeed great in its importance and value. Korea's posterity has sought treatment methods through the medical book and their researches on that book have continued. However, it is rare to make the concrete analysis on the medicines for prescriptions recorded in the book. In this study, we reviewed "Ears" in the Section "Bodily Appearance" among the five chapters of Donguibogam, and analyzed the 55 types of prescriptions for ear diseases, the medical characteristics, tastes, prime classification of medical herbs, and acupunctural effects, and the dosage forms depending on prescriptions. For insect-entering ear diseases and 20 kinds of a single-medicine prescription also, the treatments are presented in the book, but we presented the texts only and excluded them in the analysis. We also excluded overlapping prescriptions and adding and reducing prescriptions of the 55 prescriptions, and thus classified the left 42 proscriptions by dosage form. As a result: 1. With respect to medical characteristics, the medicine with warm characteristics reached 9 types(40.9%), the highest rate, followed by the medicine with cold characteristics 8 types (36.4%). 2. Concerning medical tastes, the medicine with bitter taste included 12 types (54.5%), the medicine with sour taste 10 types (45.5%), and the medicine with sweet taste 7 types (31.8%). It was unusual that of the 22 medicines used for multipurpose, no medicine with the taste was found. 3. For the acupunctural effects, the medicine with acupuncture effects for spleen medirian reached 12 types in total (54.5%). On the contrary, the medicine with the effects for pericardium meridian reached only one (4.5%) among the total of 22 medicines. 4. In the dosage form of 42 prescriptions, powder medicine was 15 types (35.7%), and decoction medicine was 14 (33.3%). Powder, dedoction, and pill medicines accounted for 90.4% of the total medicine type. It was found that in particular, for ear diseases powder medicine was used more frequently than decoction medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2005

In Oriental medicine the primordial Qi and the defensive Qi are considered as important for immunity. Therefore it is anticipated that the improvement of the primordial Qi and the defensive Qi can enhance the ability of immune cells. This experiment was conducted to investigate how Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix, representative of Qi tonifying herbs, affect the immune system in terms of controlling and balancing immune cells. Using the MTS assay, increased proliferations were observed from herbal treated cells, among which Gins-eng showed the highest proliferation. When splenocytes were activated with anti-CD3 plus herbal extracts, levels of IFN-g and IL-4 were increased but those of IL-2 showed little change compared with the control cells. Levels of IL-2, IFN-g and IL-4 were increased in purified CD4 T cells when activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 but at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Astragali and Atractylodis, levels of IL-2 were decreased by 11% and 42%, respectively and those of IFN-g were decreased by 55% and 12%, respectively. Under Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions, levels of IFN-g in Th1 cells treated with herbal extracts were all decreased but when it comes to IL-4, its levels were increased in Ginseng and Glycyrrhizae treated cells but decreased in Astragali and Atractylodis treated cells. Taken together, the data show that compared with other qi tonifying herbs, Ginseng and Glycyrrhizae have a tendency to favor Th2 cell differentiation in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.1 s.19
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

As the cholera was spread over the Joseon dynasty at 1821, Hwang Doyeon investigated the symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramp and so on, and he presented the cause of cholera as the damage of Primordial-gi caused by abnormal climate and Damp-heat made by taking inadequate foods. He regarded as of great importance the ordinary health condition by guessing the prognosis of the disease, and proposed how to make a diagnosis of dehydration by observing nails and toenails. To treat cholera, he presented the methods of Sipseon-bloodletting and Singwol-moxacautery, and mentioned compound herb remedies and single herbs like garlic etc. He wrote down Mulberry leaves and Argyi wormwood leaves as the preventor of cholera to emphasize the importance of prevention, and mentioned food contraindication in addition to keep from getting worse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1712-1716
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• 2013

In our study, as many as 29 edible medicinal herbs were selected for testing their ability in the effective treatment of gout based on oriental medicine theory. We extracted each medicinal herb (135 g) with 4 L of distilled water at $100{\sim}105^{\circ}C$ for 210 min. Thereafter, we evaluated both the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of the extracts obtained. Among all the edible medicinal herbs used in our study, only the extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Korean name: hwang-geum) showed (1) the maximum total phenolic content (TPC) (2.25 mg gallic acid equivalent/mL), (2) DPPH radical scavenging activity (94.04%), and (3) xanthine oxidase inhibition activity (87.75%). We also observed that TPC was relatively highly correlated with both the DPPH radical scavenging activity (r=0.63) and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity (r=0.77). Our results suggest that S. baicalensis G. may be a potent antioxidant source for the extraction and development of nutraceuticals that may be utilized for effective treatment of gout.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-53
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide basic data for policy of Oriental medicine by analyzing community residents' consciousness of taking herb medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from 1478 residents from March 2, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 52.3% of the subjects was 'female'; 25.0% 'fifties of age'; 21.4% 'forties of age'; 20.9% 'thirties of ages'; 69.1% 'married'; 60.1% 'resident in a big city'; 12.1% 'residents in a small town or village'; 39.0% 'highschool graduate'; 35.9% 'above college graduate'; 23.4% 'housewife'; 23.4% 'professional' 34.1% 'Buddhist'; 81.1% 'middle class'. 2. The rate of experience of taking herb medicine was 85.2%(88.2% of 'male'; 82.5% of 'female'). It appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'the married', 'housewife', and 'Buddhist'. As the age increased, so the rate of experience of taking herb medicine was significantly high. 3. In case of purpose of taking herb medicine, taking herb medicine as a restorative(66.8%) was much higher than taking it as a curative medicine. Taking herb medicine as a curative medicine appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'thirties of age', 'resident in a town or village', 'above college graduate', 'professional technician', 'Christian', and 'the upper class'. 4. 52.1% of the respondents satisfied with the effect of herb medicine. The groups of 'male', 'older age', 'residents in a big city', 'insurant in company', and 'the employed' showed significantly high rate in satisfying with herb medicine than the other groups. 5. According to the reason for preferring herb medicine, 36.7% of the respondents preferred herb medicine because the herb medicine was effective, while 27.8% preferred it because its side effect was low. 16.7% preferred it. because persons around them recommended it. The preference for the herb medicine displayed significantly higher rate in the groups 'sixties of age', 'the unmarried', 'resident in a big city', 'office clerk', and 'the lower class'. 6. 42.6% of the respondents did not want to take the herb medicine because the price of the herb medicine was high. Also 20.6% of the respondents did not want to take herb medicine because it is uneasy to take herb medicine. 15.8% did not want to take it because certain foods should not be taken during the period of taking it. 9.4% did not want to take it because it tasted bitter. 7. In case of opinions on side effects of herb medicine, 40.8% of the respondents thinks that herb medicine is free from side effects, while 37.5% thinks that it causes side effects. There were significant difference in the opinions on side effects by sex, age, marital status, resident area, education level, occupation, and type of health insurance. 8. 60.7% of the respondents thinks the price of herb medicine is not resonable, while only 10.9% thinks it is resonable. 9. 14.2% of the respondents thinks health foods which contain herbs are good, while 16.8% thinks it is bad. 76.7% thinks that medicinal herbs in packages must be included in health insurance coverage, while only 3.0% thinks it needs not be included in health insurance coverage. 10. 45.2% of the respondents uses packs of decocted herbs although they think the packs of decocted herb are a little low effective because decocting herbs in home is bothersome. 45.2% uses packs of decocted herbs because they are convenient, being not related to the effect. 7.6% takes medicinal herbs after decocting them in a clay pot because they think the packs of decocted herbs have low effect. 11. According to the level of satisfaction with Oriental medical care, the respondents marked $3.47{\pm}0.64$ points on the base of 5 points. It was significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'the married, resident in a big city', 'highschool graduate', 'the unemployed', 'office clerk', 'growing up in a big city', 'insurant in region', and 'the middle class'. 12. According to the result of a regression analysis of factors influencing preference for herb medicine, the factors displayed significant difference by sex, age, education level, health status, and times of receiving Oriental medical care. As shown in the above results, the community residents satisfy with the effect of herb medicine. Therefore, the method of taking herb medicine without difficulty must be devised. The medicinal herbs in packages need to be included in health insurance coverage and resonable price of herb medicine must be set. Also, education program for community residents must be developed in order to provide right information in herb medicine. Therefore, related public authority, associations, and professionals must make efforts, forming organic cooperative system.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

We met results like the followings through the literatures and questionnaires about the tasks and solutions about the insurance fee of packed medical herbs. 1) It's turned out that 74.8% of herb doctors agrees to the insurance fee of packed medical herbs. However, in comparison with the same survey of the herb doctor association the percentage of general approval went somewhat lower, and especially the percentage of 'positive approval' became notably lower$(43.7%{\rightarrow}26.5%)$ and the percentage of 'active objection' raised about 2 times$(6.8%{\rightarrow}12.9%)$. Inquiring into the approval reasons on the insurance fee application of packed medical herbs some heads such as 'development toward treatment medical science' and 'decrease of publics burden' were higher than the one of 'management income and expenditure.' 2) As a result of the research, 36.0% of the patients and 42.8% of the residents recognized that the pay range of Chinese herb health insurance is narrow. They recognized that less people have the experiences of Chinese medical hospital use and internal application of the packed medical herbs as they are older, men rather than women. 85.4% of the patients and 74.9% of the residents agreed on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs. It's shown that they agree on the Chinese medical hospital use more as the economic standard is lower, on the insurance pay as they have ever taken the packed medical herbs. In the aspect of increase of insurance fee, 66.7% of the patients and 44.3% of the residents agreed on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs, and 18.1% and 36.1% disagreed on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs. The main objective reason why they disagree on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs was 'because the insurance fee goes up higher,' which answered 95.2% of the patients and 78.8% of the residents. 7.22% of the patients and 1.80% of the residents answered that they can pay more insurance fee in case of the insurance pay of packed medical herbs. However, in the priority order of the insurance pay, it hold the 5th position between 2 target research groups which was less than medical examination, charges for hospital accommodation and taking MRI. 3) According to the result of analysis about the cost of packed medical herbs, current practice price is 115,000 won and the average prime cost of a packed medical herb is 73,000 to 106,000 won. It's examined that the herb doctors regard that 95,000 won will be reasonable when the packed medical herb is payed in insurance. However, it was found out that the public generally thinks that the price would be appropriate on the level of 30,000 to 40,000 won and the percentage of the answers of 20,000 won to 30,000 was fairly high. 4) the central system of a prescription should be change into the central system of demonstration and the sick and wounded. 5) To solve this problem, the government should regulate it to pass by the circulation gradation of [importer, $peasantry{\rightarrow}manufacturer{\rightarrow}wholesaler{\rightarrow}distributor$(Chinese medical hospital, pharmacy dispensary of Chinese medicine)]And it should intervene into the quality and the circulation steps of Chinese medicine through 'the office or organization which is in charge of certification of Chinese medicine' and 'the office or organization which is in charge of the circulation of Chinese medicine.' And some actions such as simple severance, lavation, drying should be included into the conception of manufacture and the boundary between food and medical supplies should be made at a manufactory. And the regulation of standardized goods at one's own house should be improved so that, the peasantry can sell the materials of Chinese medicine only to the manufacturer. 6) In company with the insurance pay of packed medical herbs, the study about the separation of dispensary from medical practice in the Chinese medicine should be accomplished.