• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.6-15
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• 2009

In this paper, a new 4-way search window is designed for the high-performance 2D PE architecture in H.264 Motion Estimation(ME) to improve the memory bandwidth. While existing 2D PE architectures reuse the overlapped data of adjacent search windows scanned in 1 or 3-way, the new window utilizes the overlapped data of adjacent search windows as well as adjacent multiple scanning (window) paths to enhance the reusage of retrieved search window data. In order to scan adjacent windows and multiple paths instead of single raster and zigzag scanning of adjacent windows, bidirectional row and column window scanning results in the 4-way(up. down, left, right) search window. The proposed 4-way search window could improve the reuse of overlapped window data to reduce the redundancy access factor by 3.1, though the 1/3-way search window redundantly requires $7.7{\sim}11$ times of data retrieval. Thus, the new 4-way search window scheme enhances the memory bandwidth by $70{\sim}58%$ compared with 1/3-way search window. The 2D PE architecture in H.264 ME for 4-way search window consists of $16{\times}16$ pe array. computing the absolute difference between current and reference frames, and $5{\times}16$ reusage array, storing the overlapped data of adjacent search windows and multiple scanning paths. The reference data could be loaded upward and downward into the new 2D PE depending on scanning direction, and the reusage array is combined with the pe array rotating left as well as right to utilize the overlapped data of adjacent multiple scan paths. In experiments, the new implementation of 4-way search window on Magnachip 0.18um could deal with the HD($1280{\times}720$) video of 1 reference frame, $48{\times}48$ search area and $16{\times}16$ macroblock by 30fps at 149.25MHz.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2018

The current design codes present an equivalent frame method (EFM) for the analysis and design of two-way slab structures. However, since the EFM was developed to be suitable for two-way slab structures subjected to gravity loads only, it brings many problems in its application to the analysis of two-way slabs to which gravity and lateral loads are applied simultaneously. Therefore, authors proposed the unified equivalent frame method (UEFM) that can analyze the structural behavior of flat-plate slab systems subjected to gravity and lateral loads in their previous studies. In this study, the UEFM was modified to be applicable to the two-way slab system with beams. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed UEFM was then examined by comparing it to the lateral behaviors of the two-way slab specimens.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2017.03a
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• pp.346-350
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• 2017

고속도로에서 자주 사용되고 있는 2way 가드레일 형상의 효율성을 탐구해보기 위하여 가드레일 형상과 이와 단면적이 같은 여러 종류의 단면을 가진 보들과 응력 값을 비교하였다. vonMises stress값의 비교를 통해 기존 가드레일의 W모양 단면과 경제적으로는 동일하고 형태는 상이하며 구조적으로 더 안정적인 단면 형상을 찾아보고자 한다. 그 결과 2way 단면의 가드레일 보다는 반원 단면의 가드레일이, 두께가 4T인 2way 모델 보다는 3T인 모델의 안전계수가 더 높음을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 향후 가정이 없는 실제 상황에서는 어떠한 이유 때문에 2way 가드레일 형상을 사용하고 3T보단 4T, 5T를 보편적으로 사용하는지 연구해보면 좋을 듯 하다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1882-1889
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• 2021

This paper describes a high-performance hardware implementation of modular multiplication used as a core operation in elliptic curve cryptography. A 521-bit high-performance modular multiplier for NIST P-521 curve was designed by adopting 3-way Toom-Cook integer multiplication and fast reduction algorithm. Considering the property of the 3-way Toom-Cook algorithm in which the result of integer multiplication is multiplied by 1/3, modular multiplication was implemented on the Toom-Cook domain where the operands were multiplied by 3. The modular multiplier was implemented in the xczu7ev FPGA device to verify its hardware operation, and hardware resources of 69,958 LUTs, 4,991 flip-flops, and 101 DSP blocks were used. The maximum operating frequency on the Zynq7 FPGA device was 50 MHz, and it was estimated that about 4.16 million modular multiplications per second could be achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

This research investigates contact angle of Linear Guide Way through a experimental result and theoretical analysis. Since last ten years, most of researchers who concerned with the precision machinery and semiconductor device production etc. so the researches about Linear Guide Way have been unnoticed. The precision machinery and semiconductor device production system has the principle which transfers the mechanical moving to accuracy position control. The Linear Guide Way system has the principle which transfers mechanical moving to accuracy position control is very important to improve performance of the precision machinery and semiconductor device production system. So, In this research, in order to improvement for producing Linear Guide Way, bearing loading analysis and contact angle change through Linear Guide Way theoretical analysis and bearing modeling. Through this study, we may expect that there will be more improvement for producing Linear Guide Way.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.540-551
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• 2005

In this research, We'll focus on warm environment and ventilation characteristics when utilizing intake ports, exhaust port and 4-way cassettes for removing heat and polluted air. Four way cassettes have been typical air conditioning units for offices since the multi air-conditioner was introduced. The following installation cases will also be discussed: 1) 4-way cassette's operation without intake ports and exhaust port. 2) Effect of the position of intake port and exhaust ports. 3) cooling air flow, temperature. distribution and local supply index according to the air flow rate from 4-way cassettes.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.405-406
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• 2008

This paper presents a high performance 2D PE architecture for H.264 Motion Estimation(ME). While existing 2D PE architectures reuse the overlapped data of adjacent search windows scanned in 1 or 3-way, the new architecture scan adjacent windows and multiple paths instead of single raster and zigzag scanning of adjacent windows in 4 way(up,down,left,right). By reducing the redundant access factor by 1.4, the new 4-way search window improve the memory bandwidth by 70-58% compared with 1/3-way search window. With Altera Stratix-III implementation, the high performance 2D PE architecture deals with SD ($720{\times}480$) video of 2 reference frame, $48{\times}48$ search area and $16{\times}16$ macroblock by 30fps at 97.1MHz.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.421-432
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• 2014

This study is intended to analyze the relation between G. D. Weisman's Way finding 4 elements the accessibility and efficiency of consumers as to eternal area for Seoul historical museum. The findings are summarized as the following three aspects. First, G. D. Weisman's Way finding element introduced in this study had a significant impact on visitor satisfaction.. It leads to the following conclusion: The higher the impact is, the greater accessaccessibility and efficiency are. Second, among 4 elements, the factor that had the biggest impact on the accessibility was 'visual-perceptual accessibility'. Thus, 'visual-perceptual accessibility' should be considered first to boost the accessibility to consumers. Third, among 4 elements, the factor that had the biggest impact on the efficiency was 'sign system'. Thus, 'sign system' should be considered first to boost the efficiency to consumers.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2020

Phased-array antennas comprise a demanding antenna design methodology for commercial wireless communication systems or military radar systems. In addition to these two important applications, the phased-array antennas can be used in beamforming for wireless charging. In this study, a four-way analog beamforming front-end module (FEM) for a hybrid beamforming system is developed for 2.4 GHz operation. In a hybrid beamforming scheme, an analog beamforming FEM in which the phase and amplitude of RF signal can be adjusted between the RF chain and phased-array antenna is required. With the beamforming and beam steering capability of the phased-array antennas, wireless RF power can be transmitted with high directivity to a designated receiver for wireless charging. The four-way analog beamforming FEM has a 32 dB gain dynamic range and a phase shifting range greater than 360°. The maximum output RF power of the four-way analog beamforming FEM is 40 dBm (=10 W) when combined the four individual RF paths are combined.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.12
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• pp.1094-1101
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• 2013

This paper proposes an improved branch predictor that reduces the number execution cycles of applications by selectively accessing a specific element in 4-way associative cache. When a branch instruction is fetched, the proposed branch predictor acquires a branch target address from the selected element in the cache by referring to MRU buffer. Branch prediction rate and application execution speed are considerably improved by increasing the number of BTAC entries in restricted power condition, when compared with that of previous branch predictor which accesses all elements. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic branch predictor is verified by executing benchmark applications on the core simulator. Experimental results show that number of execution cycles decreases by an average of 10.1%, while power consumption increases an average of 7.4%, when compared to that of a core without a dynamic branch predictor. Execution cycles are reduced by 4.1% in comparison with a core which employs previous dynamic branch predictor.