• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1414-1428
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• 1999

ATM/B-ISDN 신호 프로토콜과 같은 통신 프로토콜의 상호운용성을 시험하기 위한 시험경우를 생성하는 알고리즘이 제안되었다 1]. 현재까지 상호운용성 시험경우 도출을 자동화하거나 이에 대한 커버리지를 분석한 경우는 없다. 본 논문은 1]에서 제안한 알고리즘을 프로그램으로 구현하여 TCP 연결설정 프로토콜에 적용하고 결과를 분석한다. 이 과정에서 (1) TCP 연결설정 프로토콜의 3방향 핸드 쉐이킹 부분을 다루지 못했던 기존의 알고리즘을 개선하고, (2) 개선된 알고리즘을 프로그램으로 구현하여 TCP 연결설정 프로토콜의 상호운용성 시험경우를 도출하고, (3) 생성된 상호운용성 시험경우를 트랜지션 커버리지 관점에서 분석하고, (4) 향상된 트랜지션 커버리지를 얻기 위하여 알고리즘 확장 방안을 제시한다.Abstract A test derivation method suitable for testing interoperability for the class of communication protocols like the ATM/B-ISDN signaling protocol was proposed 1]. Up to now, there is no work on automating derivation of the interoperability test suite and analyzing its coverage. In this paper, we implement the algorithm proposed by 1], apply it to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and analyze its results. In this process, we (1) improve the algorithm that is not applicable to the TCPs three-way handshaking, (2) implement the improved algorithm as a program and derive an interoperability test suite automatically from a given pair of TCP FSMs, (3) analyze generated interoperability test suite in view of transition coverage, and (4) present a method in order to extend the algorithm for better transition coverage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 2020

Objective : The objective of this study was to develop a score to predict patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who will not benefit from endovascular treatment (EVT) using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) parameters. Methods : The CTA-ABC score was developed from 3 scales previously described in the literature: the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (0-5 points, 3; 6-10 points, 0), the clot burden score (0-3 points, 1; 4-10 points, 0), and the leptomeningeal Collateral score (0-1 points, 2; 2-3 points, 0). We evaluated the predictive value of CTA parameters associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) or malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) after EVT and developed the score using logistic regression coefficients. The score was then validated. Performance of the score was tested with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results : The derivation cohort consisted of 115 and the validation cohort consisted of 40 AIS patients. The AUC-ROC was 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.99; p<0.001) in the derivation cohort. The proportions of patients with sICH and/or MMCAI in the derivation cohort were 96%, 73%, 6%, and 0% for scores of 6, 5, 1, and 0 points, respectively. In the validation group, the proportions were similar (90%, 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively) with an AUC-ROC of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-1.00; p<0.001). Conclusion : Our CTA-ABC score reliably assessed risk for sICH and/or MMCAI in patients with AIS who underwent EVT. It can support clinical decision-making, especially when the need for EVT is uncertain.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.226-230
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• 2010

Calculation of partial charge is important in chemistry. However, because there are many methods developed, it is of considerable interest to know how to calculate and apply properly to address various chemical problems. For basis set, usually double zeta quality is acceptable, and double zeta polarization function would be enough for most cases. To describe electronic state more accurately, Many electron configurations would be necessary to describe highly strained or anionic species. The NPA population introduced new concept about amide bonds, i.e., the planar geometry of nitrogen atom may not come from resonance, but from the lowering of p-orbital energy by electronegative carbonyl carbon atom. The issues for hypervalent atomic charges was also addressed by various charge derivation scheme. When the charge schemes were applied to organolithium compounds, the ionic nature of boding was revealed. This comes from the fact that previous Mulliken partial atomic charges overemphasized the covalent character, wihout much justification. The other partial charge derivation schemes such as NPA(natural population analysis), IPP (Integrated Projected Population) showed that much more ionic picture. ESP potential derived charges are generally believed to be suitable to describe intermolecular interactions, therefore they are used for molecular dynamics simulations and CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis). The charge derivation schemes using multipole polarization was mainly applied to reproduce experimental infrared spectroscopy. In some reports these schemes are also suitable for intermecular electrostatic interactions. Charges derived from electron density gradient have shown the some bonds are not straight, but actually bent. The proper choice of charge-calculation method along with suitable level of theory and basis set are briefly discussed.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.467-480
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• 2010

There are various papers on finding all the derivations of a non-associative algebra and an anti-symmetrized algebra (see [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [10], [13], [15], [16]). We and all the derivations of the growing algebra WN($e^{{\pm}x_1x_2x_3}$, 0, 3)[1] with the set of all right annihilators $T_3$ = $\{id,\;\partial_1,\;\partial_2,\;\partial_3\}$ in the paper. The dimension of $Der_{non}$(WN($e^{{\pm}x_1x_2x_3}$, 0, 3)$_{[1]}$) of the algebra WN($e^{{\pm}x_1x_2x_3}$, 0, 3)$_{[1]}$ is one and every derivation of the algebra WN($e^{{\pm}x_1x_2x_3}$, 0, 3)$_{[1]}$ is outer. We show that there is a class P of purely outer algebras in this work.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.407-419
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• 2009

The simple non-associative algebra $N(e^{A_S},q,n,t)_k$ and its simple sub-algebras are defined in the papers [1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [12]. We define the non-associative algebra $\overline{WN_{(g_n,\mathfrak{U}),m,s_B}}$ and its antisymmetrized algebra $\overline{WN_{(g_n,\mathfrak{U}),m,s_B}}$. We also prove that the algebras are simple in this work. There are various papers on finding all the derivations of an associative algebra, a Lie algebra, and a non-associative algebra (see [3], [5], [6], [9], [12], [14], [15]). We also find all the derivations $Der_{anti}(WN(e^{{\pm}x^r},0,2)_B^-)$ of te antisymmetrized algebra $WN(e^{{\pm}x^r}0,2)_B^-$ and every derivation of the algebra is outer in this paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.177-185
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• 2000

The deformation characteristics is one of the major factors to resume the crash configuration in collision accident reconstruction. Crash analysis are carried out using finite element method and body stiffness equations representing force-deformation relationship are derived, Two different crash conditions : 1) frontal barrier impact 2) frontal impact between cars are given for the derivation of the equations. The stiffness coefficient of equation by method 2) is larger than that by method. 1). Crash analysis between two vehicles is accomplished with three crash angles and three velocities for each angle condition. The deformations are measured for six selected points and deformation energies are calculated using the derived equations. Equation by method 2) results in better estimation of deformation energy than that by method 1) for all crush configurations. The estimated energies can be utilized as one of indices to identify the type of the collision accident result.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.629-649
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• 2001

This paper aims to provide an account for the English anaphors under the framework of the recent development of minimalism (Chomsky 1999, 2001). I propose that the anaphor has the uninterpretable [a] feature. The Agree operation erases the [a] feature by feature match. Once the [a] is deleted, the derivation converges, providing a proper interpretation of the anaphor. When there is no matching phi-features, the [a] cannot be eliminated, inducing the derivation to crash. The Agree operation can account for not only the typical local binding cases in English but the apparent long-distance binding cases in the picture-DP and expletive constructions. Consequently, the traditional concept of the binding domain and dichotomy between local and long-distance types are abandoned in favor of the analysis under the framework of minimalism. The minimalist accounts thus maximally simplifies the binding principles, using the general operation Agree only.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2003

Let R be a prime ring with characteristic different from two and let $\theta,\varphi,\sigma,\tau$ be the automorphisms of R. Let d : $R{\rightarrow}R$ be a nonzero ($\theta,\varphi$)-derivation. We prove the following results: (i) if $a{\in}R$ and [d(R), a]$_{{\theta}o{\sigma},{\varphi}o{\tau}}$=0, then $\sigma(a)\;+\;\tau(a)\;\in\;Z$, the center of R, (ii) if $d([R,a]_{\sigma,\;\tau)\;=\;0,\;then\;\sigma(a)\;+\;\tau(a)\;\in\;Z$, (iii) if $[ad(x),\;x]_{\sigma,\;\tau}\;=\;0;for\;all\;x\;\in\;RE$, then a = 0 or R is commutative.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.679-683
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• 2005

The technique which connects Generalized Regression Neural Networks Model(GRNNM) with Genetic Algorithm (CA) is used to derive rating curve in the river basin. GRNNM architecture consists of 4 layers ; input, hidden, summation and output layer. GA method is applied to estimate the optimal smoothing factor when GRNNM is trained. The derivation of rating curve using GRNNM is considered different kinds of hydraulic characteristics such as water stage, area and mean velocity and is applied two stage stations; Sunsan and Jungam. Furthermore, it is compared with conventional curve-fitting method. Through the training and validation performance, the results show that GRNNM is much superior as compared to the conventional curve-fitting method.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.479-490
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• 1997

We consider long nonlinear waves in the two-layer flow of an inviscid and incompressible fluid bounded above by a free surface and below by a rigid boundary. The flow is forced by a bump on the bottom. The derivation of the forced KdV equation fails when the density ratio h and the depth ratio $\rho$ yields a condition $1 + h\rho = (2-h)((1-h)^2 + 4\rho h)^{1/2}$. To overcome this difficulty we derive a forced modified KdV equation by a refined asymptotic method. Numerical solutions are given and hydraulic fall solution of a two layer fluid is expressed analytically in the case that derivation of the forced KdV (FKdV) equation fails.