• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 1997

Trans-cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase(tC4H) is the first cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The roots of avocado seedlings were wounded and examined to determine whether the tC4H would be activated in response to wounding and/or whether tC4H activity be modulated by the application of exogenous p-coumarate. At the specified length of times, the wounded and treated roots were either frozen in liquid nitrogen or used immediately to extract microsomal proteins. The microsomal proteins were subjected to immunoblot analysis using polyclonal antibodies against CYP73 of tC4H gene. In this study, tC4H was induced in wounded roots sealed in bags within 6 hours, and in low level({TEX}$10^{-8}${/TEX}M) of p-coumarate solution within 24 hours, whereas the olution without p-coumarate and high levels of p-coumarate solution repressed tC4H induction in wounded roots. These results indicate that tC4H is induced by wounding in the root of avocado, and is inhibited by the application of exogenous p-coumarate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

The Abies koreana Wilson has been unique species of Korea and has not been clearly investigated about lignans of extractives. This studies have been carried out from the isolation and determination of lignans from alcoholic extractives in its xylem. Six lignans were isolated and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. They were two new compounds, (+)-koreslactol and (-)koreanol and four known compounds, lariciresinol p-coumarate, (+)-todolactol C, (-)-${\alpha}$-intermedianol, and (+)-pinoresinol.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.365-366
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• 2007

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2010년도 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.392-393
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• 2010

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2011

Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is a traditional grape cultivar that has been grown for centuries in Japan. The Koshu grape has pink-colored skin and Koshu wines have slight astringency. We demonstrated for the first time the characterization of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonoids in Koshu grape using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gross weight of phenolic compounds excluding anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in Koshu grape at harvest was higher than those in Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Merlot grapes. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid and monomeric flavonol contents in Koshu grape were also higher than those in the other grape cultivars. Transcription analysis of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, caffeate methyltransferase, and flavonol synthase genes indicated high accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols in Koshu grape skin compared with the other cultivars. These findings obtained by chemical and molecular approaches partially explained the phenolic characteristics and the peculiar astringency of Koshu grape.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.201-201
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• 2005

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1536-1541
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• 2014

Pinocembrin is a flavonoid that exhibits diverse biological properties. Although the major source of pinocembrin is propolis, it can be synthesized biologically using microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, which has been used to synthesize diverse natural compounds. Pinocembrin is synthesized from phenylalanine by the action of three enzymes; phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), and chalcone synthase (CHS). In order to synthesize pinocembrin from glucose in Escherichia coli, the PAL, 4CL, and CHS genes from three different plants were introduced into an E. coli strain. Next, we tested the different constructs containing 4CL and CHS. In addition, the malonyl-CoA level was increased by overexpressing acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Through these strategies, a high production yield (97 mg/l) of pinocembrin was achieved.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2019

올벚나무 잎 추출물을 제조하고 LPS로 자극시킨 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 대한 항염 효과를 조사하였다. 추출물 및 분획물(n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol 및 water)에 대하여 활성 실험을 진행한 결과, $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 ethyl acetate (EtOAc) 분획물이 세포독성 없이 76.3%의 NO 생성 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 EtOAc 분획물이 농도 의존적으로 NO 생성을 효과적으로 억제하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 항염 효과에 대한 추가적인 기전 연구를 진행한 결과, EtOAc 분획물이 $PGE_2$, $IL-1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6의 생성을 감소시켰으며, iNOS와 COX-2 단백질의 발현도 억제시키는 것을 확인하였다. EtOAc분획물에서 활성 성분을 규명하기 위하여 column chromatography를 진행하였으며 5개의 화합물을 분리 동정하였다. ursolic acid (1), prunasin (2), methyl p-coumarate (3), kaempferol (4), astragalin (5). 분리된 compound 1 - 5는 모두 올벚나무 잎에서 처음 분리된 물질이다. 분리된 화합물을 대상으로 활성 실험을 진행한 결과, 플라보노이드 compound 4와 5가 NO 생성을 억제하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 플라보노이드를 유효성분으로 함유하는 올벚나무 잎은 항염 효과를 갖는 천연 소재로서 활용이 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2018

This study takes strawberry-fruits as the test material and discusses the effect of Burkholderia contaminans B-1 on preventing postharvest diseases and inducing resistance-related substances in strawberry-fruits. Soaking and wound inoculating is performed to analyze the inhibitory effects of different treatment solutions on the gray mold of postharvest strawberry-fruits. The count of antagonistic bacteria colonies in the wound is found, and the dynamic growth of antagonistic bacteria and the pathogenic fungus is observed by electron microscopy. The results indicated that, either by soaking/wound-inoculating, the fermentation and suspension of antagonistic bacteria significantly reduced the incidence of postharvest diseases of strawberry-fruits. With wound inoculation, the inhibition rate of antagonist fermentation and suspension ($1{\times}10^{10}cfu/ml$) respectively reached 77.4% and 66.7%. It also led to a significant increase in the activity of resistance-related enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and chalcone isomerase (CHI). On 1 d and 2 d post-treatment, the activity of 4CL was respectively 3.78 and 6.1 times of the control, and on 5 d, the activity of PAL was increased by 4.47 times the control. The treatment of antagonistic bacteria delayed the peaking of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity and promoted the accumulation of lignin and total phenols. The antagonistic bacteria could be well colonized in the wounds. On 4-5 d post-inoculation, the count of colonies was $10^8$ times of that upon inoculation. Electronmicroscopy indicated that the antagonistic bacteria delayed the germination of pathogenic spores in the wounds, and inhibited further elongations of the mycelia.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.167-167
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• 2017

Our previous study for developing seeds of Iksan 526 (I.526), an inbred line of resveratrol-producing transgenic rice line, showed that, in 20 days after heading (DAH) seeds, resveratrol was almost saturated and accumulation of piceid was highest though the expression of Arachis hypogaea resveratrol synthase 3 (AhRS3, GenBank DQ124938) was highest in 31 DAH seeds. In this study, it was investigated how the overexpression of AhRS3 affects phenylpropanoid pathway genes. p-Coumaroyl-CoA is derived from phenylpropanoid pathway and used as a substrate of AhRS3 reaction for resveratrol production. In 6, 13, 20, 31 and 41 (45 for Dongjin) DAH seeds of I526 and Dongjin, a wild type of I.526, respectively, the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL: LOC_Os02g41630.2, LOC_Os04g43760.1), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H: LOC_Os05g25640.1), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL: LOC_Os02g08100.1), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR: LOC_ Os09g25150.1, LOC_Os08g34280.1), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT: LOC_Os04g42250.2, LOC_Os02g39850.1) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD: LOC_Os02g09490.1), was examined using real time (RT)-PCR. Compared to developing seeds of Dongjin, RT-PCR results showed that the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes was modified in developing seeds of I.526. In most genes, except for CAD, of I.526 developing seeds, the gene expression was highest in 20 DAH corresponding to biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceid, i.e. the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes was gradually increased by 20 DAH and decreased as seeds develop. Especially, in Dongjin, the highest expression of PALs and 4CL was in 6 DAH and their expression was gradually decreased as seeds develop. These genes expression data also exhibited that, in developing seeds of I.526, phenylpropanoid pathway genes were slightly or significantly (in some genes) upregulated compared to Dongjin. Therefore, the overexpression of AhRS3 changed the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes in I.526 developing seeds and this modification for gene expression is closely related to biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceid.