• Title/Summary/Keyword: 4세대

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A study on the Household consumption of Tap Water and the Decreasing Rate of lpcd by the increase in the Number of Residents in Seoul (서울시 가정에서의 수돗물 사용량과 거주인수 증가에 따른 1인 1일 사용량의 감소변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kap-Soo;Yang, Ji-Hee;Hwang, Seong-Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2007
  • This study analyzed the lpcd of 25 districts in Seoul using random samples of residents in Seoul selected by computer selecting system. By classifying these samples according to the type of houses(tenement houses, apartment houses and detached houses), the type of districts, the effects of the number of residents in a house and the type of the houses on tap water use are analyzed. From these samples, the consumption of tap water per capita day(lpcd) in Seoul can be estimated statistically. It is also observed that the lpcd decreases as the flat-dwellers increase. As the dwellers increase from 1 to 2, from 2 to 3, from 3 to 4 and from 4 to 5, lpcd has decreased by 47.6%, 20.8%, 16.9%, and 9.0%, respectively. The regression curve, which fits the tendency of decrease well, is represented by an power function. And the estimated linear regression equation shows that the average decreasing rate of lpcd as flat dwellers increasing is 12%.

Breeding Lines with Multiple Resistance to both Gray Leaf Spot and Phytophthora Blight in Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) (고추 잎점무늬병.역병 복합 저항성 계통육성)

  • Kim, Joo-Young;Han, Jeong-Hye;Hwang, Hee-Sook;Kim, Byung-Soo
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.18
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2000
  • $F_2$ populations of the crosses KC47-1 (PI244670) ${\times}$ KCB14-2-2-3-2 (PI201234), KC220-1 ${\times}$ KC268 and $F_3$ bulk populations of the crosses KC47-1${\times}$KC263 (AC2258), KC47-1${\times}$KCB13-2-1 (PI201232), KC47-1${\times}$KCB13-4-2 (PI201232), either one parent of which was resistant to Phytophthora blight, were tested for both gray leaf spot and Phytophthora blight by serial inoculation with Stemphylium solani or a mixture of S. solani and S. lycopersici, and P. capsici in 1999. In 2000, $F_3$ and $F_4$ lines or populations developed from the respective $F_2$ or $F_3$ selections in the previous year were evaluated for resistance to both diseases. A significant progress in resistance to both diseases was achieved by selection.

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Improvement of EPC Class-1 Anticollision Algorithm for RFID Air-Interface Protocol (무선인식 프로토콜의 EPC 클래스-1 충돌방지 알고리즘 개선)

  • Kang, Bong-Soo;Lim, Jung-Hyun;Kim, Heung-Soo;Yang, Doo-Yeong
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.10-19
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, Class-1 Air-interface protocols of EPCglobal applied to RFID system in UHF band are analyzed, and the standard anticollision algorithms are realized. Also, the improved anticollision algorithms of the Class-1 Generation-1 and Generation-2 protocol are proposed and the performances of anticollision algorithms are compared. As the results, reduction ratio of total tag recognition time of the improved Generation-1 algorithm is 54.5% for 100 tags and 63.4% for 1000 tags with respect to standard algorithm, respectively. And the reduction ratio of the improved Generation-2 algorithm is 7.9% for 100 tags and 11.7% for 1000 tags. Total recognition times of the improved algorithms are shorter than those of standard algorithms according to increasing the number of tag. Therefore, the improved anticollision algorithm proposed in this paper is the advanced method improving the performance of tag recognition in the RFID system.

Audio Format Comparative Study and Suggestion for Next Generation DTV (차세대 디지털 TV 방송을 위한 오디오 규격 비교 분석 및 제언)

  • Lee, Jae-Hong
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.337-343
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    • 2011
  • With commencing trial 3D digital broadcasting, the studies on next generation digital broadcasting technology for coming UHDTV era is being actively progressing. In this paper, I propose surround audio formats for next-generation digital TV broadcasting, along with comparative study of major surround audio formats in use or under development. I did comparative study on current major competing surround formats such as Dolby True HD and DTS HD MA, along with NHK proposed 22.2 channel surround format for UHDTV system. Upon this comparative study and our housing situation consideration, I propose lossy compression 3D surround 7.1 channel surround format along with loosless 2.0 and 4.0 hi-fi format as next generation digital TV broadcasting standard. In lieu with this, I also propose transmitting binaural 2 channel audio data as sub-audio. It will give holographic sound experience when properly processed with individual HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function) with headphone. The table for data rate of each proposed audio format is also presented.

A Study on the E-book Usage Behavior of University Library by University Students: Focusing on the Impact of COVID-19 (Z세대 대학생들의 대학도서관의 전자책 이용 행태에 관한 연구 - 코로나19의 영향을 중심으로 -)

  • Su Hyun, Jang;Youn Suh, Park;Young Joon, Nam
    • Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.181-205
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    • 2022
  • This study attempted to confirm the reading behavior of Generation Z college students in Korea, including their perception of e-book use, and to find out the changes caused by COVID-19. To this end, university students across the country were surveyed for e-book recognition and use, e-book usage status, e-book preference recognition, and comparison items of university libraries and e-book use before and after COVID-19. As a result of the analysis, university libraries had a significant impact on the use of e-books by Generation Z college students, and COVID-19 partially affected reading behavior, such as a significant change in the average daily reading time of Generation Z college students.

Predicting the Occurrence of Generation for Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) Using Their Body Color (톱다리개미허리노린재의 체색변이를 이용한 발생세대 예측)

  • Lee, Hyoseok;Jung, Jong-Kook;Im, Jae Seong;Park, Marana;Lee, Seunghyun;Lee, Joon-Ho
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.431-435
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    • 2015
  • Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is one of the important insect pests of leguminous crops, which occurs in most areas of South Korea. It is hard to distinguish each generation in crop fields since not only the longevity of adult R. pedestris is long but also the developmental period is short. Especially, the 2nd generation adults cause enormous damage to soybean while the occurrence time is synchronized with the podding stage of soybean. Controlling the 1st generation of R. pedestris helps to decrease the damage by decreasing the 2nd generation density. This study was conducted to distinguish between the 1st generation and the overwintering generation by using differences in body coloration which is dependent on the day-length during the nymph stage. In addition, the difference was verified by the population dynamics model of R. pedestris. The occurrence time of 1st generation adults could be considered when the summer form is 20% or more. These results will be used for beneficial management decisions to reduce the 2nd generation population.