• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2023

In the present study, the effects of HML on lipolysis, adipocyte browning, autophagy, and proliferation were investigated. HML affected lipolysis by increasing the protein levels of ATGL and HSL, and phosphorylation levels of HSL and AMPK. Furthermore, HSL decreased the perilipin-1 levels. In addition, free glycerol content was increased by HML treatment. HML affected adipocyte browning by increasing the protein levels of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and PRDM16. In addition, HML affected autophagy by increasing the levels of LC3-I and LC3-II, and decreasing those of SQSTM1/p62. Moreover, HML affected adipocyte proliferation by suppressing the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells due to arrest of the cell cycle via blocking the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1. These results suggest that HML induces lipolysis, adipocyte browning, autophagy, and inhibits excessive proliferation of adipocytes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

본 연구를 통하여 여주 추출물은 세포 증식을 제외하고는 조골세포에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 못하였지만 머위 추출물은 세포의 증식, ALP 활성, bone nodule의 형성이 대조군과 비슷한 결과를 나타내거나 높은 경향을 나타냄으로써 조골세포의 골 형성 과정인 증식, 기질의 성숙, 기질의 석회화의 세 단계에서 유효성을 증명하였다. 또한 OPG mRNA의 2배 이상의 증가는 조골세포의 골 형성에 주요 매개 물질로서 가능성이 있음을 밝혔다. 따라서 머위 추출물은 골수의 미세 환경에서 세포의 조절작용을 하는 물질로 여겨지며, 골다공증을 포함한 각종 골 결손 질환의 예방과 치료약 개발에 긍정적인 가능성을 제시할 것이라 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

Background: Prolotherapy is a proliferation therapy as an alternative medicine. A combination of dextrose solution and lidocaine is usually used in prolotherapy. The concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine used in the clinical field are very high (dextrose 10%-25%, lidocaine 0.075%-1%). Several studies show about 1% dextrose and more than 0.2% lidocaine induced cell death in various cell types. We investigated the effects of low concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine in fibroblasts and suggest the optimal range of concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine in prolotherapy. Methods: Various concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine were treated in NIH-3T3. Viability was examined with trypan blue exclusion assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Migration assay was performed for measuring the motile activity. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activation and protein expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined with western blot analysis. Results: The cell viability was decreased in concentrations of more than 5% dextrose and 0.1% lidocaine. However, in the concentrations 1% dextrose (D1) and 0.01% lidocaine (L0.01), fibroblasts proliferated mildly. The ability of migration in fibroblast was increased in the D1, L0.01, and D1 + L0.01 groups sequentially. D1 and L0.01 increased Erk activation and the expression of collagen I and α-SMA and D1 + L0.01 further increased. The inhibition of Erk activation suppressed fibroblast proliferation and the synthesis of collagen I. Conclusions: D1, L0.01, and the combination of D1 and L0.01 induced fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen I synthesis via Erk activation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.661-666
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• 2003

The study was designed to compare the anti-carcinogenic effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on colon carcinogenesis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats by determining the levels of apoptosis, cell proliferation, eicosanoids and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) in colonic mucosa. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups depending on the types of CLA isomers, i.e. BT group (no CLA contained), CLA-C group (cis-9, trans11 isomer contained), and CLA- T group (trans-10, cis-12 isomer contained). The experimental diet was composed of protein at 20%, carbohydrate at 56.2%, and fat at 14.5% including 0.8% CLA isomers by weight. The experimental diet was fed for 14 weeks with the initiation of intramuscular injection of DMH, which was injected twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of l80mg per kg body weight. Two CLA isomers (c9t11 and t10c12) significantly increased the relative percentage of apoptosis but reduced cell proliferation in mucosal cell and also the levels of PGE$_2$, TXB$_2$, and DAG in colonic mucosa. However, there was no significant differences in anti-carcinogenic effect between c9t11 isomer and t10c12 isomer. Overall, colon carcinogenesis could be significantly inhibited by CLA isomers by increasing apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation, the levels of eicosanoids and DAG in colonic mucosa.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2006

Objectives : We Investigated the effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥) on the change of the corticosterone and the rectal temperature(直腸溫渡) of the mice induced by starvation stress(創戰 스트레스). Methods : After administration of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (0.25g/kg, 0.5g, 1.0g/kg, 3g/kg) three times, mice were starved. The corticosterone and rectal temperature were measured after 36.5 hours starvation stress. Results : The plasma cortiosterone levels in the S-2, S-3 and S-4 group were decreased significantly comparing with the control group (P<0.01) after 36.5 hours starvation stress. and rectal temperature was decreased in the control goup comparing with the normal group, but there is no significant change in the Dioscoreae Rhizoma treated group. Conclusion : it might be recognized that Dioscoreae Rhizoma has preventive-effect against starvation stress and also it might be needed further study in various viewpoints. Objectives : This study was disegned to elucidate the short term effect of Rossa rugosae Radix on proliferation. differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes obtained from Korean Cell Line Bank were cultured in a D ulbecco’ s modified eagle medium(MEM) culture solution containing 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) and various concentrations of aqueous extract of Rossa rugosae Radix.. The short term effect of the extract of Rossa rugosae Radix on proliferation. differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were investigate after treatment for 24 hours by measuring MTT. Oil Red 0 and latate dehydrogenase activity.. Results: The Rossa rugosae Radix extract inhibited significantly the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and tended to increase latate dehydrogenase activity in the media of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes & matured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. the extract also inhibit the lipid accumulation of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes & matuered 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the Rossa rugosae Radjx extract inhibited the proliferation. differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. suggesting that Rossa rugosae Radix has anti-obesity effect: however further in vivo study is needed to demonstrate its pharmacological effects.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1996

The purpose of this research was to investigate effect of water extract of DangKwi-Eum-Ja ka Sumsoo(DESE) on the cytotoxicity of human epidemloid cell, A431 cells. The effects of DESE on the proliferation of A431 cells, Balb/c 3T3 cells, mouse thymocytes and splenocnes were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay, and nitric oxide production from mouse peritoneal macrophage was estimated by Griess method. DESE inhibited the proliferation of A431 cells at $10{\mu}g/ml$, and did not affect the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. DESE decreased the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C or cisplatin on A431 cells, increased the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C or cisplatin on Balb/c 3T3 cells. DESE inhibited the proliferation of mouse thymocytes and splenocytes at $100{\mu}g/ml$. DESE did not affect the nitric oxide production from mouse peritoneal macrophage in vitro, but decreased the nitric oxide production from DESE-treated mouse peritoneal macrophage.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2013

3T3-L1 preadipocyte were differentiated to adipocytes, and then treated with 0, 10, 20, and $40{\mu}g/mL$ of peanut sprout ethanol extract (PSEE). The main component of PSEE is resveratrol which contained 5.55 mg/mL of resveratrol. The MTT assay, Oil-Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, and the triglyceride concentration were determined in 3T3-L1 cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as well as mRNA expressions of C/EBP ${\beta}$ and C/EBP ${\alpha}$ were also investigated. As the concentration of PSEE in adipocytes increased, the cell proliferation was decreased in a dose-dependent manner from 4 days of incubation (P < 0.05). The GDPH activity (P < 0.05) and the triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05) were decreased as the PSEE treatment concentration increased. The mRNA expression of C/EBP${\beta}$ in 3T3-L1 cells was significantly low in groups of PSEE-treated, compared with control group (P < 0.05). The MMP-9 (P < 0.05) and MMP-2 (P < 0.05) activities were decreased in a dose-dependent manner as the PSEE concentration increased from $20{\mu}g/mL$. In conclusion, it was found that PSEE has an effect on restricting proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.261-277
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to investigate cytotoxicity of DangkwiYonghoe-Hwan(DYH) and the constitutive crude drugs on several cancer cell-lines, thymocytes, splenocytes and 3T3 cells. The DYH consists of Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Phellodendri Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus, Gentianae scabrae Radix, Indigo pulverata Levis, Aloe, Rhei Rhizoma, Moschus, Saussureae Radix and Angelicae Gigantis Radix. The cytotoxicity was determined by MTT method. The DYH inhibited the proliferation of MOLT-4, K562, HL-60, Jurkat, L1210, P815, S180 and Yac-1, thymocyte, splenocyte and 3T3 cells. The cytotoxicity of Coptidis Rhizoma on the cancer cell-lines was the most potent in the constitutive crude drugs. The proliferation of cancer cell-lines was partly inhibition and partly increase by the treatment of Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Gentianae scabrae Radix, Indigo pulverata Levis, Aloe, Rhei Rhizoma, Moschus and Angelicae Gigantis Radix. Phellodendri Cortex and Saussureae Radix had a poor cytotoxicity on cancer cell-lines. Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex inhibited the proliferation of thymocyte, splenocyte and 3T3 cells.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation in 3T3-L1 cell line, lipolysis of adipocytes in rat's epididymal adipocytes and localized fat accumulation of porcine by extraction methods(alcohol and water). Methods : Diminish preadipocytes proliferation and promote lipolysis of adipocytes do primary role to reduce obesity. So, we used 3T3-L1 mouse embryo fibroblasts(preadipocytes) and rat epididymal adipocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation, lipolysis of adipocytes. They were treated with 0.01, 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts. And for the purpose of investigating the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts on the localized fat accumulation, we injected 0.1, 1.0, $10.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts to porcine fat tissues and observed histological changes of them. Results : Following results were obtained from the preadipocytes proliferation and lipolysis of adipocytes and histological investigation of fat tissues. 1. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts suppressed preadipocytes proliferation on the high dosage(especially $1.0mg/m{\ell}$), and especially alcohol extracts had better effects. 2. The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$. Alcohol extracts had better effects than water extracts. 3. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts increased lipolysis of adipocytes on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$, and especially on the concentration of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ alcohol extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had better effect. 4. The water extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had significant activity to the destruction of porcine fat cell membranes only on the concentration of $10.0mg/m{\ell}$, but alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had it on all concentrations. Conclusions : The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had much better effects on the preadipoeytes proliferaton, lipolysis of adipocytes and localized fat accumulation than water extracts.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2016

The serine/threonine kinase mTOR is essential for the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling pathway, and regulates the development and function of immune cells. Aberrant activation of mTOR signaling pathway is associated with many cancers including leukemia. Here, we report the contributions of mTOR signaling to growth of human leukemic cell lines and mouse T-cell acute leukemia (T-ALL) cells. Torin, an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor, was found to have both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on U-937, THP-1, and RPMI-8226 cells, but not on Jurkat or K-562 cells. All cells were relatively resistant to rapamycin even with suppressed activity of mTOR complex 1. Growth of T-ALL cells induced by Notch1 was profoundly affected by torin partially due to increased expression of Bcl2l11 and Bbc3. Of note, activation of Akt or knockdown of FoxO1 mitigated the effect of mTOR inhibition on T-ALL cells. Our data provide insight on the effect of mTOR inhibitors on the survival and proliferation of leukemic cells, thus further improving our understanding on cell-context-dependent impacts of mTOR signaling. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 63-68]