• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.235-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate climatological variations from the temporal and spatial surface particulate organic carbon (POC) estimates based on SeaWiFS spectral radiance, and to determine the physical mechanisms that affect the distribution of pac in the Gulf of Mexico. 7-year monthly mean values of surface pac concentration (Sept. 1997 - Dec. 2004) were estimated from Maximum Normalized Difference Carbon Index (MNDCI) algorithm using SeaWiFS data. Synchronous 7-year monthly mean values of remote sensing data (sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), precipitation rate (PR)) and recorded river discharge data were used to determine physical forcing factors. The spatial pattern of POC was related to one or more factors such as river runoff, wind-derived current, and stratification of the water column, the energetic Loop Current/Eddies, and buoyancy forcing. The observed seasonal change in the POC plume's response to wind speed in the western delta region resulted from seasonal changes in the upper ocean stratification. During late spring and summer, the low-density river water is heated rapidly at the surface by incoming solar radiation. This lowers the density of the fresh-water plume and increases the near-surface stratification of the water column. In the absence of significant wind forcing, the plume undergoes buoyant spreading and the sediment is maintained at the surface by the shallow pycnocline. However, when the wind speed increases substantially, wind-wave action increases vertical motion, reducing stratification, and the sediment were mixed downward rather than spreading laterally. Maximum particle concentrations over the outer shelf and the upper slope during lower runoff seasons were related to the Loop Current/eddies and buoyancy forcing. Inter-annual differences of POC concentration were related to ENSO cycles. During the El Nino events (1997-1998 and 2002-2004), the higher pac concentrations existed and were related to high runoffs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico. During La Nina conditions (1999-2001), low Poe concentration was related to normal or low river discharge, and low PM/nutrient waters in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.179-207
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• 2011

This study was conducted by surveying users' perception about the public libraries' current public relations, which can contribute to developing the most appropriate public relations strategies for persons with disabilities(PWDs). This study concluded, first, PWDs' experience with the PR of the library services was a very low 32.4%. Intellectual disabilities, especially, were reported to have no experience in public relations. Second, the library public relations media which PWDs utilized the most were the Internet, library bulletin boards, banners, ARS services, and podcasting, in that order. However, satisfaction with promotions appeared below average(3 points or less). On the other hand, interest in public relations media was very high. Third, it appeared that library users with disabilities most frequently use the websites of their school library, the National Library of Korea, and public libraries in that order. However, the usage rate of services and users' satisfaction with them were very low. Finally, a high demand for facilities with accessibility to PWD users emerged as a result of this study. Therefore, this study recommends greater accessibility, convenience, and ease of facility use for persons with disabilities.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2005

In order to obtain a highly purified p-dioxanone (PDX) as monomer of biodegradable polymer, suitable solvent must be selected. The selection was based on the solubility of impurities, and partial layer melt crystallization were carried out under the presence of solvent. The solubility of PDX in various solvents such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol) were measured over the temperature range of $-10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$. As solubility parameters, the mixing and dissolution enthalpy between the PDX and the solvents was studied based on empirical equations and the regular solution theory. The solubility and the temperature dependency of the solubility with the solvents of acetone, ethylacetate, and tetrahydrofuran of PDX were shown to have relatively high values compared to the alcohol type solvents. Also, in same alcohols, the smaller molecules and higher polarity gave higher solvency. In partial layer melt crystallization, small amount of ethylacetate selectively dissolved impurities and gave highly purified p-dioxanone, over 99.9% purity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2020

The basic catalyst 1-benzyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluoroantimonate (BMH) was synthesized and analyzed by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR. A crystalized biphenyl-based epoxy was synthesized by using tetramethyl biphenol (TMBP) and epichlorohdrine. In order to consider the curing tendency of the synthesized BMH, the mass ratio was changed to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 wt.% under heated conditions and the curing tendency was analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). As a result, the BMH catalyst showed a fast curing result in the stepwise heating pr℃ess of the biphenol-A epoxy and the cationic polymer. From these results, the BMH catalyst showed excellent thermal stability as a potential heat curing catalyst. In addition, we considered the application possibility of epoxy molding compound (EMC) which required a skeleton structure and a high heat resistance because the synthesized biphenyl epoxy had a characteristic of rapidly lowering viscosity at a constant temperature and a rigid skeleton structure of biphenol. As a result, it was confirmed that the TMBP-based epoxy developed in this study was composed of a crystalline structure, and a curing reaction was observed with a Novolac resin at a high temperature. In the presence of a catalyst, a curing reaction was observed around 150 ℃ and thus TMBP-based epoxy was successfully applied as a raw material of EMC.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.29
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• pp.233-269
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• 2005

The purpose of the study is to explore the characteristics of lawsuits against investigative reporting programs of the broadcast media. This study proposed three research questions: (1) what were the characteristics of court derisions on the investigative reporting programs? (2) what were the reasonings on which judges rely in the lawsuits for a right of reply? (3) what were the critical issues and how the libel laws were applied in balancing between the freedom of the press and the protection of individual rights. To answer these questions, the study employed quantitative and qualitative methods analysing 35 related cases. This study revealed that investigative reporting programs must deal with the Issues of 'public figures' and 'matters of public concern' to be protected under the freedom of the press. The study also found that the broadcast media must prove legitimate public interests and the truth of the facts to prevail in a case. In 1999, the Constitutional Court of Korea held that pubic figures in libel cases must be regarded differently from private figures. In accordance with the decision, the Supreme Court has applied differing criteria for public figures in libel cases. However, courts have not set a clear definition of the public figure yet. To advocate the freedom of the press, as the results of this study indicate, TV producers and journalists should behave lawfully in the course of newsgathering and provide the opportunities of reply for their news sources.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.555-560
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• 2016

This study attempted to secure competitiveness in the cosmetics market and provide basic data needed to promote sales and PR after reflecting consumer demands and needs in the development of cosmeceuticals. For this, it investigated their perception regarding the ingredients and efficacies of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention among a total of 193 adults in their 20-50s who have had prior experience of buying these types of products from an online shopping mall as the importance of cosmeceuticals is emerging. According to a survey on consumer perceptions regarding the ingredients of cosmeceuticals by gender, there was a clear difference between men and women. In particular, when asked about the ingredients of whitening cosmetics, the percentage of male respondents was as low as 30.8% with a significant difference between men and women (t=31.688,p<0.001). In addition, most consumers were very aware of the efficacies of the ingredients of cosmeceuticals on the skin. In terms of actual repurchase intention, however, a significant difference was found by gender and product type in 3 different cosmeceuticals. In other words, men were lower than women in terms of awareness of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention. Therefore, the development of a plan which satisfies both men and women, easily labels ingredients and meets consumer needs and demands through proper pricing policy are needed during the development of cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

There are many trees in a roadside, parks or facilities for landscape. Although we are easily seeing a tree in around, it would be difficult to classify it and to get some information about it, such as its name, species and surroundings of the tree. To find them, you have to find the illustrated books for plants or search for them on internet. The important components of a tree are leaf, flower, bark, and so on. Generally we can classify the tree by its leaves. A leaf has the inherited features of the shape, vein, and so on. The shape is important role to decide what the tree is. And texture included in vein is also efficient feature to classify them. This paper evaluates the performance of a leaf classification system using both shape and texture features. We use Fourier descriptors for shape features, and both gray-level co-occurrence matrices and wavelets for texture features, and used combinations of such features for evaluation of images from the Flavia dataset. We compared the recognition rates and the precision-recall performances of these features. Various experiments showed that a combination of shape and texture gave better results for performance. The best came from the case of a combination of features of shape and texture with a flipped contour for a Fourier descriptor.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.379-393
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• 2011

This study compared the college students' dietary behavior for processed foods, who will be the main consumers in the future and looked for the measures to understand and establish the right food labeling system by surveying the level of understanding and utilization of food labeling. The data was analysed by SPSS win 17.0 program, and the results are as follows. For the standard of selecting processed foods, the group with high nutrition knowledge considered the reliability of foods as important and the group with low nutrition knowledge considered the products introduced in TV commercial as important. When purchasing processed foods, the group with high nutrition knowledge considered nutrition, taste, price, appearance(shape), and the consumable period more than the group with low nutrition knowledge. For trans fat, the group with high nutrition knowledge learned more about it than the group with low nutrition knowledge. The ratio of confirming food nutrition label was higher in the group with high nutrition knowledge. Regarding the level of confirming individual food labels, the highest level was for milk and dairy products. And there was significant difference for the processed products of meat, cookies, bread and noodles. It was found that the level of confirmation was higher in the group with high nutrition knowledge. And the most important indication for individual food product was the consumable period. To preserve the purchased foods, the group with high nutrition knowledge preserve the foods in line with the description written on the food cover sheet, and this group used to return or exchange the products when they found them spoiled or purchased by mistake. The group with high nutrition knowledge knew more about the nutrition indication than the group with low nutrition knowledge. The necessity of nutrition indication for processed foods and the need of education and PR(Public Relation) were acknowledged higher in the group with high nutrition knowledge. For the effect of nutrition indication, it showed that the group with high nutrition knowledge thought it would improve the quality and the group with low nutrition knowledge thought it would be helpful when comparing the product with others. The group with high nutrition knowledge showed higher understanding level about nutrition indication than the group with low nutrition knowledge.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.127-150
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• 2012

A survey showed that the public perception of the shipping industry's overall image and economic role was relatively positive. The survey revealed that public perception was mixed with respect to the multifaceted role of the shipping industry. Based on the results of this survey, this paper proposes three approaches to improving the public perception of the shipping industry. The organization contact approach includes establishing shipping institutes for city people, holding various events targeted at the public, establishing a shipping memorial hall, developing a shipping-related culture and tourism, reinventing the image of the shipping industry through a shipping-culture movement, and creating new views of the shipping industry by conducting formal education. The goods and services contact approach includes building a brand image for shipping services, providing B2C services, utilizing the national image for the shipping industry, and participating in international cooperation projects. The text contact approach includes B2B advertising, advertisements focused on the national economic and multifaceted role of the shipping industry, package advertisements for the shipping industry and related industries, the Internet and high-technology media, government-initiated PR activities regarding the multifaceted role of the shipping industry, and funding for advertising the shipping industry.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 1995

This study was designed to determine the relationship between sperm acrosome reaction following ionophore challenge(ARIC) and hamster ovum sperm penetration assay(SPA) as assessment of fertilizing capacity of male. ARIC test and SPA were performed in 23 fertile and 19 subfertile men. The results were as follows; Sperm concentration was significantly higher in fertile group compared with subfertile group: $114.6{\pm}64.40$ vs $61.3{\pm}46.50{\times}10^6/ml$. However, there were no significantly differences in seminal volume, motility and motility index, respectively. There was a significantly correlation between spontaneous and induced AR in fertile and subfertile group, respectively. ARIC value was significantly higher in fertile group, compared with subfertile group: $12.0{\pm}5.57%$ vs $2.6{\pm}4.96%$. Both Penetration rate(PR) and Penetration index(PI) were significantly higher in fertile group, compared with subfertile group: $97.4{\pm}7.40%$ vs $64.9{\pm}36$. 20% and $5.4{\pm}2.88$ vs $1.5{\pm}1.47$, respectively. The Positive predictive value(PPV), Negative predictive value(NPV), sensitivity and specificity of ARIC test (cut-off: 8.5) and SPA(PI cut-off : 3.0) in predicting fertility were 95.0%, 81.8%, 82.6%, 94.7% and 95.2%, 85.7%, 87.0% and 94.7%, respectively. There was no significantly difference in predicting fertility between ARIC test and SPA. In conclusion, ARIC test was shown to have a predictive value for fertilizing capacity comparable to that of the hamster ovum sperm penetration assay. Therefore, ARIC test may be a simple and cost-effective addition to existing semenology instead of SPA.