• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.39-51
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• 2019

This study was tested on Ratafia Champagne Trouillard 1947 of old fortified wine and analyzed differences from existing wines. Old fortified wine in Champagne, France and blanding is Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier. Alcohol level is 18% and test date is Feb. 15-21, 2019(six days of decanting period/15 p.m. on the last tasting day). Tester is composed of one FICB grand commander one KOV Finland commander. The wine opening was tested for two blades after wire removal and the decanting time was applied to the calculation formula of 2019(this year)-1947(vintage year)/12=6 days set in this study. Aroma smelled like cherries, fruits, soy sauce and licorice and bouquet was identified in five stages. The first stage was presented with the smell of pot, the second stage was light coffee, the third stage smell of fruit and flowers, the fourth stage smell of wild honey and the fifth stage smell of refined brandy. Then, the test was analyzed in seven stages. This study has the following implications: First, the new concept of old wine was applied to fortified wine. Specific computational formulas for the decanting period were derived. The decanting presented five steps of aromas and bouquet. Wine testing has been expanded from the previous five to seven levels. A new taste of Champagne old fortified wine was analyzed.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-42
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• 2021

The outlook for Korea's consumer price inflation rate has a profound impact not only on the Bank of Korea's operation of the inflation target system but also on the overall economy, including the bond market and private consumption and investment. This study presents the prediction results of consumer price inflation in Korea for the next three years. To this end, first, model selection is performed based on the out-of-sample predictive power of autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) models, AR models, small-scale vector autoregressive (VAR) models, and large-scale VAR models. Since there are many potential predictors of inflation, a Bayesian variable selection technique was introduced for 12 macro variables, and a precise tuning process was performed to improve predictive power. In the case of the VAR model, the Minnesota prior distribution was applied to solve the dimensional curse problem. Looking at the results of long-term and short-term out-of-sample predictions for the last five years, the ADL model was generally superior to other competing models in both point and distribution prediction. As a result of forecasting through the combination of predictions from the above models, the inflation rate is expected to maintain the current level of around 2% until the second half of 2022, and is expected to drop to around 1% from the first half of 2023.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2000

A strong antiferromagnetic coupling in Fe/Si multilayered films (MLF) had been recently discovered and much consideration has been given to whether the coupling in the Fe/Si MLF system has the same origin as the metal/metal MLF. Nevertheless, the nature of the interfacial ron silicide is still controversial. On one hand, a metal/ semiconductor structure was suggested with a narrow band-gap semiconducting $\varepsilon$-FeSi spacer that mediates the coupling. However, some features show that the nature of coupling can be well understood in terms of the conventional metal/metal multilayered system. It is well known that both magneto-optical (MO) and optical properties of a metal depend strongly on their electronic structure that is also correlated with the atomic and chemical ordering. In this study, the nature of the interfacial regions is the Fe/Si multilayers has been investigated by the experimental and computer-simulated MO and optical spectroscopies. The Fe/Si MLF were prepared by rf-sputtering onto glass substrates at room temperature with the number of repetition N=50. The thickness of Fe sublayer was fixed at 3.0nm while the Si sublayer thickness was varied from 1.0 to 2.0 nm. The topmost layer of all the Fe/Si MLF is Fe. In order to carry out the computer simulations, the information on the MO and optical parameters of the materials that may constitute a real multilayered structure should be known in advance. For this purpose, we also prepared Fe, Si, FeSi2 and FeSi samples. The structural characterization of Fe/Si MLF was performed by low- and high -angle x-ray diffraction with a Cu-K$\alpha$ radiation and by transmission electron microscopy. A bulk $\varepsilon$-FeSi was also investigated. The MO and optical properties were measured at room temperature in the 1.0-4.7 eV energy range. The theoretical simulations of MO and optical properties for the Fe/Si MLF were performed by solving exactly a multireflection problem using the scattering matrix approach assuming various stoichiometries of a nonmagnetic spacer separating the antiferromagnetically coupled Fe layers. The simulated spectra of a model structure of FeSi2 or $\varepsilon$-FeSi as the spacer turned out to fail in explaining the experimental spectra of the Fe/Si MLF in both intensity and shape. Thus, the decisive disagreement between experimental and simulated MO and optical properties ruled out the hypothesis of FeSi2 and $\varepsilon$-FeSi as the nonmagnetic spacer. By supposing the spontaneous formation of a metallic ζ-FeSi, a reasonable agreement between experimental and simulated MO and optical spectra was obtained.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2023

Object : This study aimed to identify the factor structure of Korean-Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 Dysregulation Profile (K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP) in infants and toddlers with mental disorders and verify differences in K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP among the diagnosis groups. Methods : The participants were 265 mothers of infants and toddlers with mental disorders who completed K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP. The data was analyzed using AMOS 25.0 and SPSS 25.0. Results : First, the bifactor model was the most suitable for the factor structure of the K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP. Second, there were significant differences among the diagnosis groups, such as communication disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, emotional disorders, and developmental delays. It was confirmed that the pervasive developmental disorder and emotional disorder groups showed significantly higher dysregulation compared with the communication disorder group. Conclusion : This study confirmed that infants and toddlers had dysregulation problems. Using the bifactor model, the multidimensional nature of the K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP was assessed. It was also meaningful that dysregulation could contribute to onset and deepening of symptoms of pervasive developmental disorders and emotional disorders in infancy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transverse process (TP) hook system at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) for preventing screw pullout in adult spinal deformity surgery using the pedicle Hounsfield unit (HU) stratification based on K-means clustering. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients who underwent deformity correction surgery between 2011 and 2020 and were followed up for >12 months. Pre- and post-operative data were used to determine the incidence of screw pullout, UIV TP hook implementation, vertebral body HU, pedicle HU, and patient outcomes. Data was then statistically analyzed for assessment of efficacy and risk prediction using stratified HU at UIV level alongside the effect of the TP hook system. Results : The screw pullout rate was 36.4% (27/74). Perioperative radiographic parameters were not significantly different between the pullout and non-pullout groups. The vertebral body HU and pedicle HU were significantly lower in the pullout group. K-means clustering stratified the vertebral body HU ≥205.3, <137.2, and pedicle HU ≥243.43, <156.03. The pullout rate significantly decreases in patients receiving the hook system when the pedicle HU was from ≥156.03 to < 243.43 (p<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant in the vertebra HU stratified groups and when pedicle HU was ≥243.43 or <156.03. The postoperative clinical outcomes improved significantly with the implementation of the hook system. Conclusion : The UIV hook provides better clinical outcomes and can be considered a preventative strategy for screw-pullout in the certain pedicle HU range.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.570-583
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• 2023

Objective: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play critical roles in embryo development, and immune responses to infectious diseases. In this study, to investigate the roles of FGFs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression, and functional analyses of FGF family members in chickens. Methods: Chicken FGFs genes were identified and analyzed by using bioinformatics approach. Expression profiles and Hierarchical cluster analysis of the FGFs genes in different chicken tissues were obtained from the genome-wide RNA-seq. Results: A total of 20 FGF genes were identified in the chicken genome, which were classified into seven distinct groups (A-F) in the phylogenetic tree. Gene structure analysis revealed that members of the same clade had the same or similar exon-intron structure. Chromosome mapping suggested that FGF genes were widely dispersed across the chicken genome and were located on chromosomes 1, 4-6, 9-10, 13, 15, 28, and Z. In addition, the interactions among FGF proteins and between FGFs and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins are limited, indicating that the remaining functions of FGF proteins should be further investigated in chickens. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis showed that FGF gene interacts with MAPK genes and are involved in stimulating signaling pathway and regulating immune responses. Furthermore, this study identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in 21 different growth stages during early chicken embryo development. RNA-sequencing data identified the DEG of FGFs on 1- and 3-days post infection in two indigenous Ri chicken lines infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 (HPAIV). Finally, all the genes examined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA-Seq analyses showed similar responses to HPAIV infection in indigenous Ri chicken lines (R² = 0.92-0.95, p<0.01). Conclusion: This study provides significant insights into the potential functions of FGFs in chickens, including the regulation of MAPK signaling pathways and the immune response of chickens to HPAIV infections.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.401-410
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• 1994

Validation study of two radionuclide migration models for single fracture developed in geologic medium the hydrodynamic dispersion diffusion model(HDDM) and the channeling dispersion diffusion model(CDDM), was studied by migration experiment of tracers through an artificial granite fracture on the labolatory scale. The tracers used were Uranine and Sodium lignosulfonate know as nonsorbing material. The flow rate ranged 0.4 to 1.5 cc/min. Related parameters for the models were estimated by optimization technique. Theoretical breakthrough curves with experimental data were compared. In the experiment, it was deduced that the surface sorption for both tracers did not play an important role while the diffusion of Uranine into the rock matrix turned out to be an important mass transfer mechanism. The parameter characterizing the rock matrix diffusion of each model agreed well The simulated result showed that the amount of flow rate could not tell the CDDM from the HDDM quantitatively. On the other hand, the variation of fracture length gave influence on the two models in a different degree. The dispersivity of breakthrough curve of the CDDM was more amplified than that of the CDDM when the fracture length was increased. A good agreement between the models and experimental data gave a confirmation that both models were very useful in predicting the migration system through a single fracture.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 1994

The hydraulic properties of domestic natural clay/crushed rock mixture suggested as a candidate backfill material for the low and intermediate level waste repository were investigated. The dry density-water content relationship was studied to define an optimum water content that gives a maximum attainable dry density at constant compaction pressure. The hydraulic conductivities of clay/crushed rock mixture as a function of clay content were also measured. As the clay content decreased, the maximum attainable dry density increased and the optimum water content became more distinct. However the attainable density is not significantly sensitive to water content. The hydraulic conductivities of the mixture increased from 5 $\times$ 10$^{-12}$ m/s to 7 $\times$ 10$^{-10}$ m/s with clay content decreasing from 100 wt.% to 25 wt.% at dry density of 1.2 Mg/㎥. In case of dry density of 1.5 Mg/㎥, they maintain the lower values of 5 $\times$ 10$^{-12}$ m/s even at 25 wt.% clay content. The concept of effective clay dry density was suggested to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the mixture. It was shown that the effective clay dry density concept can explain welt the hydraulic conductivities of the mixtures with various dry density and crushed rock content.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2008

Behaviors of cemented engineered soils, composed of rigid sand particle and soft rubber particle, are investigated under $K_o$ condition. The uncemented and cemented specimens are prepared with various sand volume fractions to estimate the effect of the cementation in mixtures. The vertical deformation and elastic wave velocities with vertical stress are measured. The bender elements and PZT sensors are used to measure elastic wave velocities. After cementation, the slope of vertical strain shows bilinear and is similar to that of uncemented specimen after decementation. Normalized vertical strains can be divided into capillary force, cementation, and decementation region. The first deflection of the shear wave in near field matches the first arrival of the primary wave. The elastic wave velocities dramatically increase due to cementation hardening under the fixed vertical stress, and are almost identical with additional stress. After decementation, the elastic wave velocities increase with increase in the vertical stress. The effect of cementation hinders the typical rubber-like, sand-like, and transition behaviors observed in uncemented specimens. Different mechanism can be expected in decementation of the rigid-soft particle mixtures due to the sand fraction. a shape change of individual particles in low sand fraction specimens; a fabric change between particles in high sand fraction specimens. This study suggests that behaviors of cemented engineered soils, composed of rigid-soft particles, are distinguished due to the cementation and decementation from those of uncemented specimens.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to provide comparative data on the newly imported thirteen sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench), TE Goldmaker sorghum hybrid (S. Bicolor (L.) Moench), NC+ 88SS sudangrass hybrid (S, bicolor (L.) Moench), Supermill pearlmillet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) and teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana Schrad,) in comparison with the check variety Pioneer 988 sorghum-sudangrass hybrid for dry matter yield, protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD), and other desirable agronomic characteristics, SX-17 and NC+855 gave significantly higher dry matter yield than the check variety. There was no significant difference in total dry matter yield of the remaining 14 varieties with the exception of teosinte and TE Goldmaker which had the lowest yield. The most varieties were moderately resistant to leaf diseases although differences exist among varieties. No diseases were found in pearlmillet and teosinte, but NC+ 88SS was very susceptible to leaf blight. The mean percent crude protein of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids was lower than that of pearlmillet and sorghum hybrid, but was higher than that of sudangrass hybrid, The IVDMD of G-83F, TE Goldmaker, teosinte and HW 5111 was higher than that of the check variety. There was no consistent relationship between the percent of crude protein and IVDMD of the summer annual grasses.