• 한국농공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.4251-4258
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• 1976

In the construction of earth dam, embankment and highway by filling, a compaction contributes to increasing the density of soil by applying pressure. The effect of compaction depends on various factors such as soil type, moisture content, gradation, consistency, and compaction energy. In this study, the correlations amone maximum dry density, moisture content, dry density, and moisture content are analyzed. Some results obtained in this study are summarizep as follows. 1. The maximum dry density sinoreases with increased of optimum moisture content and the correlations of them can be represented by; ${\gamma}$dmx=a-b(W0) 2. Maximum dry density and liquid limit show negative linear correlation and can be represented by; ${\gamma}$dmx=a-b(LL). 3. Optimum moisture content and liquid limit, plastic limit show positive linear correlation and can be represented by the following equation, W0=a+b(LL) W0=a+b(PL). 4. Liquid limit and plastic limit show positive linear correlation, and can be represented by the following equation, LL=a+b(PL).

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1984

This study was carried out to find physical and mechanical properties of soil in Yongsan project area to support basic data for tidalland reclamation. The main results are as follows. 1. Most of the soils in this area consist of clay and silt, and inorganic materials. 2. Natural moisture contents are ranged from 42.2% to 92.9% initial void ratio, from 1.4 to 2.3 Therefore it takes a longtime in Settlement of considerable depth. 3. Wet unit weights decrease with increasing of the nataral moistare contents as rt=2. 005-0. 0065wn.4. The relationships between compression index. and liquid limit, initial void ratio and natural moisture contents are found as follows respectively. Cc =0. 046+0. O12LL Cc=-0. 068+0.367eo Cc =0. 056+0. OO8Wn 5. Natural moisture content, plastic limit, plastic index, initial void ratio and liquid :limit are directly proportional to clay content ratio. The relationships are found as Wn=26. 083+0. 797Cy PL=14. 223+0. 128Cy P1=0. 457+0. 492Cy eo=0. 757+0. O2Ocy LL=14. 695+0. 620Cy. 6. Initial void ratio and liquid limit are directly proportional to natural moisture con-tent as follows. eo=0. 310+0.022wn LL=6. 275+0.592wn

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1014-1018
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• 2004

Relationships between muscle $\alpha$-tocopherol oncentrations and metmyoglobin percentages during display of six muscles, m. serratus ventralis (SV), m. psoas major (PM), m. gluteus medius (GM), m. semimembranosus (SM), m. semitendinosus (ST) and m. longissimus lumborum (LL), of Japanese Black steers slaughtered at 28 months of age were studied. Steers were supplemented with 0, 2,000 and 4,000 mg $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate/head/day for 28 days prior to slaughter in the VE 0, the VE 2,000 and the VE 4,000 groups, respectively. $\alpha$-Tocopherol concentrations in PM, GM, SM, ST and LL of the VE 2,000 and the VE 4,000 groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the VE 0 group. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations in all muscles between the VE 2,000 group and the VE 4,000 group. The muscle $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations ($\ell$/g meat) which can retard metmyoglobin formation in muscles were estimated to be 5.3 for SV, 4.5 for PM, 4.2 for GM, 4.0 for SM, 3.6 for ST and 3.5 for LL. The equation to predict color-shelf-life of each muscle from the $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in each muscle could be obtained.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1991

Recrystallization behaviors of ordered and disordered structures in $Ll_2$ type $Ni_3Fe$ alloy were studied through hardness measurement and differential thermal analysis. When the disordered structure was isothermally aged at $480^{\circ}C$ below order-disorder transition temperature, the hardness of the structure was increased due to progressive ordering with increasing aging time. The hardness of the disordered structure was increased rapidly with increasing deformation degree up to 10%, and then gradually increased with further deformation degree. while the hardness of the ordered structure was increased rapidly with increasing deformation degree up to 10%, showing a constant hardness value up to 50% and gradually decreased with further deformation degree. The hardness of the ordered structure was higher than that of the disordered structure at all same deformation degrees. The recrystallization temperature of the ordered and disordered structures were decreased with increasing deformation degree. At the same deformation degrees, the recrystallization temperature of the ordered structure was lower than that of the desordered structure.

• Annals of dermatology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.653-661
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• 2018

Background: Citron is well known for an abundance of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as vitamin C, polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, and limonoids. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of citron essential oils on rosacea mediators in activated keratinocytes in vitro. Methods: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with $1{\alpha}$, 25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ ($VD_3$) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) with LL-37 to induce rosacea mediators such as kallikrein 5 (KLK5), cathelicidin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). These mediators were analyzed by performing reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after NHEKs were treated with citron seed and unripe citron essential oils. Results: The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of KLK5 and LL-37 induced by $VD_3$ were suppressed by citron seed and unripe citron essential oils. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and TRPV1 induced by IL-33 with LL-37 were also suppressed by citron essential oils. Conclusion: These results show that citron essential oils have suppressive effects on rosacea mediators in activated epidermal keratinocytes, which indicates that the citron essential oils may be valuable adjuvant therapeutic agents for rosacea.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2006

백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대는 과거부터 약용으로 사용해 왔지만 아직까지 연구도 많이 이루어지지 않았고, 항당뇨 효과에 대한 연구도 거의 없었다. 본 연구에서는 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대의 추출물과 분획물이 in vitro에서 인슐린 작용, 인슐린 분비 또는 탄수화물의 소화에 효과적인지를 조사함으로 항당뇨에 효과적인지 여부를 조사하였다. 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대의 추출물은 각각 물로 추출하여 항당뇨 효과를 조사하였다. 또한 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대의 3 : 2 : 3으로 혼합하여 물로 추출한 후 이를 메탄올과 물을 섞은 용액으로 단계별로 XAD-4 column으로 분획하였다. 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대의 추출물과 혼합물의 분획물은 고농도(1 mg/mL)에서도 MTT 방법으로 측정하였을 때 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 백련 뿌리와 조릿대 물추출물은 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 효능이 있었고, 백련잎 물추출물은 ${\alpha}-amylase$를 억제하여 탄수화물의 소화 흡수를 지연시켰다. 이에 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대를 3 : 2 : 3으로 혼합하였을 때 20과 80% 메탄올층은 3T3-L1 지방세포에 처리하였을 때 인슐린의 작용을 향상시켜 포도당의 흡수를 증가시키는 효과가 인슐린을 10 nM을 처리한 것 만큼 효과적으로 포도당 흡수를 증가시켰다. 이 층에는 3T3-L1 섬유아세포에 분화 유도물질과 함께 처리하였을 때 $PPAR-{\gamma}$ agonist인 rosiglitazone과 마찬가지로 지방 세포로의 분화를 촉진시키고 지방의 축적도 증가시켰다. 그러므로 80% 메탄올 층에는 $PPAR-{\gamma}$ agonist로 작용하는 물질이 함유되어 있을 가능성이 높다. 베타세포라인인 Min6 세포에 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대의 혼합물의 분획물을 처리한 후 저농도와 고농도 포도당 자극시 인슐린 분비를 측정하였을 때 두 농도에서 모두 인슐린 분비에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대의 혼합물의 20, 60과 80% 메탄올 분획층은 탄수화물의 소화에 작용하는 효소인 ${\alpha}-amylase$의 활성을 16% 정도를 억제하는 효과가 있었다. 결론적으로 백련 뿌리 및 잎과 조릿대의 추출물과 분획물에는 인슐린 분비나 탄수화물의 소화에 관여하는 성분이 없지만, 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 인슐린 민감성 물질이 함유되어 있을 가능성이 높다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to verify the education effects of program for engineering students and extract the essential components to be included in the learning contents. For this, we investigated the lecture contents critically and analyzed the evaluation result of questionnaire to examine the students' learning satisfaction and learners' needs concerning the effectiveness of course. The survey using two types of questionnaires was conducted with 210 junior and senior students taking lectures of ${\ll}$Presentation and Debate Skills${\gg}$ in the college of engineering at Pusan National University. According to the evaluation result, students experienced various speech education's effects concerning (1) verbal components, (2) non-verbal components, (3) problem solving competence, (4) teamwork skills, etc. On the other side there have been pointed out as problems in the ${\ll}$Presentation and Debate Skills${\gg}$ class, such as (1) a large number of assignments, (2) insufficiency of more refined evaluation method for the individuals and (3) a well-balanced arrangement between 'theory' and 'practice' was needed. However more importantly, the individual students can not do practice sufficiently owing to the large scale of class. Therefore the various and effective ways to help students improve their communicative competence have to be developed further. Finally, there have been extracted several essential components to be included in the class and implications for ameliorating the class were discussed and suggested in detail.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of quality grade (QG) on meat tenderness characteristics of ten major muscles from Hanwoo steers. A total of 25 Hanwoo carcasses ($5\;carcasses{\times}5\;QGs$) were selected. Intramuscular fat content, collagen content, sarcomere length, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of Longissimus thoracis (LT), Longissimus lumborum (LL), Psoas major (PM), Semisponals (SS), Triceps brachii (TB), Semimembranosus (SM), Gluteus medius (GM), Rectus Abdominis (RA), Superficialis flexor (SF), and Internal and external intercostal (IC) were determined. IC had the highest fat content, followed by LT, RA, LL, PM, GM, SS, SF, TB, and SM. High-fat muscles such as LT, LL, IC, RA, and PM had significantly (p<0.05) different fat contents among QGs. Collagen contents were significantly (p<0.05) different among QGs. With decreasing QG, increasing collagen content was found in muscles. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in sarcomere length among QGs of several muscles. However, no significant (p>0.05) difference in sarcomere length was found among QGs for LL, PM, or RA muscle. PM had the lowest WBSF, followed by LL, LT, RA, IC, GM, SM, SF, SS, and TB. WBSF of QG $1^{{+}{+}}$ was lower than that of QG 1 for SS, TB, and SM. All muscles of QG 1 showed lower WBSF than QG 3 except TB or IC. Results of this study suggested that differences in WBSF among these 10 muscles by QG were due to differences in collagen content and sarcomere length.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2005

Objectives : In this thesis we researched Qikooujiudaomai(氣口九道脈) which is one of pulse diagnosis method recorded in Maijing(脈經). Methods : We studied relativity of Shierjingmai(十二經脈) & Qijingbamai(奇經八脈), and different assignment of Shierjingmai(十二經脈) & Anzhenfa(按診f法) of Qikoumai(氣口脈), Liubuding-weimaizhenfa(六部定位脈診法) and Qikoujiudaomai(氣口九道脈), Shierjingmai(十二經脈) for the principle of Qijingbamai(奇經八脈) pulse diagnosis method, Qikooujiudaomai(氣口九道脈). Results : 1. Qikoujiudaomai(氣口九道脈) applied Qikoumai(氣口脈), Sambujiuhoujin(三部九候診) of $\ll$Nanjing Shiebanan(難經 券十八難)$\gg$. 2. Interpreting the diagnostic sense of 'Nei(內) Wai(外)' word in Qikoujiudaomai (氣口九道脈) recored in $\ll$Maijing(脈經) Juanshi(卷十) Shoujiantu(手檢圖)$\gg$ as Fuan(浮按) Chenan(沈按)corresponds with Qikoumai(氣口脈), Sanbujiuhouzhen(三部九候診) which accepeted Sanbujiuhouzhen(三部九候診) of $\ll$Su Wen(素間) San Bu Jiu Hou Lun(三部九候論)$\gg$. 3. The pulse shape of Qikoujiudaomai(氣口九道脈) does not appear independently unless the disease at Qijingbamai(奇經八脈) exist. and when one disease take sick, the pulse shape apears as Qishi(氣質).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.338-348
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• 1997

The electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters on unipolar precordial chest leads in the normal Korean native goat of 343 heads as to CV$_{6}$LU, CV$_{6}$LL CV$_{6}$RU, CV$_{6}$RL and V10 have been measured with a 3-channel Elertrocardiograph and computed, analysed. All wave types as positive, negatives biphasic and flatting in the P and T waves appeared in all leads but any special wave type was not shown more than 60%. Average amplitudes with the highest frequent rate in P wave were 81.4$\pm$32.0 $\mu $V (52.3%), 59.6$\pm $ 27.5 $\mu $V (50.5 %) of Positive type in leads CV$_{6}$LU and CV$_{6}$LL, and -5fl.5$\pm $22.6 $\mu $V (44.0%) of negative type in leads VIO, and 51.3% and 44% of flatting type in leads CV$_{6}$RU and CV$_{6}$RL, but flatting type of clinic form appeared frequent rate between 53% and 77% in all leads. In T wave, average amplitudes with the highest frequent rate were 265.0$\pm $97.1 $\mu $V (54.0%) and 212.2$\pm $90.7 $\mu $V (57.0%) of positive type in leads CV$_{6}$LL and CV$_{6}$RL, and -252.8$\pm $90.7 $\mu $V (56.6%) of negative in lead V10, but amplitudes of T waves that positive and negative type appeared similarity frequent ra蛇 ware 208.7$\pm $99.7 $\mu $V (42.1%), -159.0$\pm $81.6 (43.8%) in lead CV$_{6}$LU and 153.2$\pm $139.0 $\mu $V (47.3%), -130.0$\pm $81.4 (43.2%) in lead CV$_{6}$RU, Amplitudes of QRS complex wave forms showed the highest frequent rate were 218.2$\pm $96.4 $\mu $V (47.8%), 308.3$\pm $135.2 $\mu $V (46.8 %), 232.8$\pm $126.5 $\mu $V (58.5%) and 225.3$\pm $89.6 $\mu $V (54.9%) of R type in the leeds CV$_{6}$LU, CV$_{6}$LL, CV$_{6}$RU and CV$_{6}$RL, and were -92.5$\pm $79.1 $\mu $V,479.0 $\pm $116.6 $\mu $V (33.2%) and 212.1 $\pm $86.7 $\mu $V (32.8%) of QR and 05 type in the lead V10. These results in the V10, CV$_{6}$RU, CV$_{6}$RL, CV$_{6}$LU, CV$_{6}$LL. may be not starve to purpose of unipolar precordial chest leads.