• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.409-418
• /
• 2022

In this paper, we propose SAAnnot-C3Pap, a semi-automatic annotation method for obtaining ground truth of a player's posture. In order to obtain ground truth about the two-dimensional joint position in the existing music domain, openpose, a two-dimensional posture estimation method, was used or manually labeled. However, automatic annotation methods such as the existing openpose have the disadvantages of showing inaccurate results even though they are fast. Therefore, this paper proposes SAAnnot-C3Pap, a semi-automated annotation method that is a compromise between the two. The proposed approach consists of three main steps: extracting postures using openpose, correcting the parts with errors among the extracted parts using supervisely, and then analyzing the results of openpose and supervisely. Perform the synchronization process. Through the proposed method, it was possible to correct the incorrect 2D joint position detection result that occurred in the openpose, solve the problem of detecting two or more people, and obtain the ground truth in the playing posture. In the experiment, we compare and analyze the results of the semi-automated annotation method openpose and the SAAnnot-C3Pap proposed in this paper. As a result of comparison, the proposed method showed improvement of posture information incorrectly collected through openpose.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2012

The UGV is one of the special field robot developed for mine detection, surveillance and transportation. To achieve successfully the missions of the UGV, the accurate and reliable navigation data should be provided. This paper presents design and implementation of multi-sensor-based open architecture integrated navigation for localization of UGV. The presented architecture hierarchically classifies the integrated system into four layers and data communications between layers are based on the distributed object oriented middleware. The navigation manager determines the navigation mode with the QoS information of each navigation sensor and the integrated filter performs the navigation mode-based data fusion in the filtering process. Also, all navigation variables including the filter parameters and QoS of navigation data can be modified in GUI and consequently, the user can operate the integrated navigation system more usefully. The conventional GPS/INS integrated system does not guarantee the long-term reliability of localization when GPS solution is not available by signal blockage and intentional jamming in outdoor environment. The presented integration algorithm, however, based on the adaptive federated filter structure with FDI algorithm can integrate effectively the output of multi-sensor such as 3D LADAR, vision, odometer, magnetic compass and zero velocity to enhance the accuracy of localization result in the case that GPS is unavailable. The field test was carried out with the UGV and the test results show that the presented integrated navigation system can provide more robust and accurate localization performance than the conventional GPS/INS integrated system in outdoor environments.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study aims to find suitable types and styles for gesture interaction as remote control on smart TVs. Background: Smart TV is being developed rapidly in the world, and gesture interaction has a wide range of research areas, especially based on vision techniques. However, most studies are focused on the gesture recognition technology. Also, not many previous studies of gestures types and styles on smart TVs were carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to check what users prefer in terms of gesture types and styles for each operation command. Method: We conducted an experiment to extract the target user manipulation commands required for smart TVs and select the corresponding gestures. To do this, we looked at gesture styles people use for every operation command, and checked whether there are any gesture styles they prefer over others. Through these results, this study was carried out with a process selecting smart TV operation commands and gestures. Results: Eighteen TV commands have been used in this study. With agreement level as a basis, we compared the six types of gestures and five styles of gestures for each command. As for gesture type, participants generally preferred a gesture of Path-Moving type. In the case of Pan and Scroll commands, the highest agreement level (1.00) of 18 commands was shown. As for gesture styles, the participants preferred a manipulative style in 11 commands (Next, Previous, Volume up, Volume down, Play, Stop, Zoom in, Zoom out, Pan, Rotate, Scroll). Conclusion: By conducting an analysis on user-preferred gestures, nine gesture commands are proposed for gesture control on smart TVs. Most participants preferred Path-Moving type and Manipulative style gestures based on the actual operations. Application: The results can be applied to a more advanced form of the gestures in the 3D environment, such as a study on VR. The method used in this study will be utilized in various domains.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.1051-1061
• /
• 2005

This paper proposes a ubiquitous robot, Ubibot, as an integration of three forms of robots: Software robot (Sobot), Embedded robot (Embot) and Mobile robot (Mobot). A Sobot is a virtual robot, which has the ability to move to any place or connect to any device through a network in order to overcome spatial limitations. It has the capacity to interpret the context and thus interact with the user. An Embot is embedded within the environment or within physical robots. It can recognize the locations of and authenticate the user or robot, and synthesize sensing information. Also it has the ability to deliver essential information to the user or other components of Ubibot by using various types of output devices. A Mobot provides integrated mobile service. In addition, Middleware intervenes different protocols between Sobot, Embot, and Mobot in order to incorporate them reliably. The services provided by Ubibot will be seamless, calm and context-aware based on the combination of these components. This paper presents the basic concepts and structure of Ubibot. A Sobot, called Rity, is introduced in order to investigate the usability of the proposed concepts. Rity is a 3D synthetic character which exists in the virtual world, has a unique IP address and interacts with human beings through Vision Embot, Sound Embot, Position Embot and Voice Embot. Rity is capable of moving into a Mobot and controlling its mobility. In doing so, Rity can express its behavior in the virtual world, for example, wondering or moving about in the real world. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a Ubibot in a networked environment.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2006

Purpose: We achieved high resolution MR imaging and spectra of human skin in vitro with using a 14.1 T MRI/MRS system, and evaluated the hydration effect of various cosmetic products by measuring the skin's. moisture concentration. Materials and Methods: We used the Bruker 14.1 T MRI/MRS system with a vertical standard bore that was equipped with a DMX spectrometer gradient system (200 G/cm at a maximum 40 A), RF resonators (2, 5 and 10 mm) and Para Vision software. Spin echo and fast spin echo pulse sequences were employed for obtaining the high resolution MR images. The 3D-localized point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) method was used to acquire the MR spectra. Results: The high resolution MR images and spectra of human skin in vitro were successfully obtained on a 14.1 T system. The water concentration of human skin after applying a moisturizer was higher than that before applying a moisturizer. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the high-resolution MR images and spectra of human skin from a high field NMR instrument could be applicable to evaluating the hydration state of the stratum corneum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2004.02a
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2004

The dryer (ten per unit) are operating to remove tritium in PHWR(Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor). There are coming out heavy water adsorbent from operating the dryer (95 drums for ten year per unit) The amount of radioactivity of heavy water adsorbent almost exceed ninety times more than disposal limit-in-itself showed by The Ministry of Science and Technology. It has to be disposed whole radioactive waste products, however there are problems of increase at the expense of their permanent disposal. In this research, We have studied how to remove kinds of nuclear materials and amount of tritium with in heavy water adsorbent. As the result we could develop disposal equipment and apply it. D20 adsorbent have to contain below Gamma nuclide O.3Bq/g and tritium 100Bq/g "The Regulation for disposal of the radioactivity wastes" showed by The Ministry of Science and Technology. There fore. So as to remove amount of tritium and kinds of nuclear materials (DTO) we needed a equipment. Also we have studied how to remove effectively radioactivity with in Adsorbent. As cleaning heavy water adsorbent and drying on each condition (temperature for drying and hours for cleaning). Because there is something to return heavy water adsorbent by removing impurities within adsorbent when it is dried o high temperature. After operating, we have been applying this research to the way to dispose heavy water adsorbent. Through this we could reduce solid waste products and the expense of permanent disposal of radioactive waste products and also we could contribute nuclear power plant run safely. According to the result we could keep the best condition of radiation safety super vision and we could help people believe in safety with Radioactivity wastes control for harmony with Environment.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
• /
• v.10
• /
• pp.231-249
• /
• 2004

In dieser Albeit wird der Versuch unternommen, die Charakteristik der Rhetorik von Hitler zu analysieren. Im Abschnitt fwei wird die allgemeine Charakteristik der Hillers Reden beschrieben. Die Reden von Hitler sind Elemente eines verzweigten, flexiblen und inhaltlich nor schwer bestimmten Komplexes von Manipulations-und Machttechniken, die trotz seiner Tendenz zur Zentralisierung nur schwer als System zu fassen sind. Dies macht die Schwierigkeit jeder analytischen Erfassung aus. Seine Rede vermag im Bezug auf Logik und Argumentation wenig zu $\"{u}berzeugen$, aber or wirkte. In diesel Analyse wird die Rede von Hitler folgende Systematisierung $m\"{o}glich$: 1) Am Anfang weist Hitler auf die allgemeine Not hin. 2) Danach diffamiert or seine Gesner und provoziert starke Emotionen bei seinen $Zuh\"{o}rern$. 3) Zum $Schlu{\ss}$ $l\"{o}st$ Hitler bei den Deutschen eine starke Kampfbereitschaft aus und entwickelt vor semen $Zuh\"{o}rern$ seine Vision eines $bl\"{u}henden$, starken Deutschlands. 4) $Abschlie{\ss}end$ erkifirt Hitier seine $pers\"{o}nlichen$ ethischen Vorstellungen und seine sich daraus ergebenden Handlungen. Er liegt $gro{\ss}en$Wert darauf, die Ethik seine Handlungen zu $begr\"{u}nden$. Danach wird die Selbstdarstellung von Hitler beschrieben. $F\"{u}nf$ Realisierungsformen sind $daf\"{u}r$ relevant: a) $pers\"{o}nliche$ $Erz\"{a}hlungen$, b) Diffamierungen, c) sittlich wertvolle Ermahnungen, d) Taten und e) Ziele. Im Abschnitt drei wird die Rhetorik von Hitler gemacht. Hier handeit es sich um Ethos und Pathos. Hitler versuchte, die durch die Aktivierung zwischen ihm und Publikum vorhanden, $unbewu{\ss}ten$ psychischen Potentiate, die durch den Akt der Rede aktiviert werden, zu realisieren. Er hat jeder Sammlung nur gesagt, was sie $h\"{o}ren$ wollte, den wahren Sachverhalt nur auf $h\"{o}chst$ vordergryndige Weise.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2002

Inspection and shape measurement of three-dimensional objects are widely needed in industries for quality monitoring and control. A number of visual or optical technologies have been successfully applied to measure three-dimensional surfaces. However, those conventional visual or optical methods have inherent shortcomings such as occlusion and variant surface reflection. X-ray vision system can be a good solution to these conventional problems, since we can extract the volume information including both the surface geometry and the inner structure of any objects. In the x-ray system, the surface condition of an object, whether it is lambertian or specular, does not affect the inherent characteristics of its x-ray images. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional x-ray imaging method to reconstruct a three dimensional structure of an object out of two dimensional x-ray image sets. To achieve this by the proposed method, two or more x-ray images projected from different views are needed. Once these images are acquired, the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique(SART) is usually utilized. Since the existing SART algorithms have several shortcomings such as low performance in convergence and different convergence within the reconstruction volume of interest, an advanced SART algorithm named as USART(uniform SART) is proposed to avoid such shortcomings and improve the reconstruction performance. Because, each voxel within the volume is equally weighted to update instantaneous value of its internal density, it can achieve uniform convergence property of the reconstructed volume. The algorithm is simulated on various shapes of objects such as a pyramid, a hemisphere and a BGA model. Based on simulation results the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional SART method.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.101-152
• /
• 2018

This study discusses the research trends in Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) which recently emerged as the central concept among international innovation policy circles. In particular, we attend to the conceptual diversity of RRI, showing that each trend emphasizes different elements of RRI and reflects the context in which the concept has emerged. The first trend centers on research on governing emerging technologies which has been developed from the tradition of technology assessment and ELSI. The second trend has been closely related to the innovation policy efforts to take up the social challenge driven innovation as a new driving force for innovations. The third involves the attempts to operationalize the concept of RRI to evaluate whether the vision of RRI has been successfully incorporated in the actual innovation practices. We also insist that recent Korean R&D policies which emphasize social responsibility of science and technology include essential elements of RRI, although they do not use the term RRI. Finally, we discuss policy implications of discourse over RRI on such innovation policies.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.351-363
• /
• 2023

Visual structural inspections are an inseparable part of post-earthquake damage assessments. With unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) establishing a new frontier in visual inspections, there are major computational challenges in processing the collected massive amounts of high-resolution visual data. We propose twin deep learning models that can provide accurate high-resolution structural components and damage segmentation masks efficiently. The traditional approach to cope with high memory computational demands is to either uniformly downsample the raw images at the price of losing fine local details or cropping smaller parts of the images leading to a loss of global contextual information. Therefore, our twin models comprising Trainable Resizing for high-resolution Segmentation Network (TRS-Net) and DmgFormer approaches the global and local semantics from different perspectives. TRS-Net is a compound, high-resolution segmentation architecture equipped with learnable downsampler and upsampler modules to minimize information loss for optimal performance and efficiency. DmgFormer utilizes a transformer backbone and a convolutional decoder head with skip connections on a grid of crops aiming for high precision learning without downsizing. An augmented inference technique is used to boost performance further and reduce the possible loss of context due to grid cropping. Comprehensive experiments have been performed on the 3D physics-based graphics models (PBGMs) synthetic environments in the QuakeCity dataset. The proposed framework is evaluated using several metrics on three segmentation tasks: component type, component damage state, and global damage (crack, rebar, spalling). The models were developed as part of the 2^nd International Competition for Structural Health Monitoring.