• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a registration method of 3d facial scan data and CBCT data using voxelization and distance map. First, two data sets are initially aligned by exploiting the voxelization of 3D facial scan data and the information of the center of mass. Second, a skin surface is extracted from 3D CBCT data by segmenting air and skin regions. Third, the positional and rotational differences between two images are accurately aligned by performing the rigid registration for the distance minimization of two skin surfaces. Experimental results showed that proposed registration method correctly aligned 3D facial scan data and CBCT data for ten patients. Our registration method might give useful clinical information for the oral surgery planning and the diagnosis of the treatment effects after an oral surgery.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

Biologically active peptides, including growth factors and cytokines, participate in various biological processes in human skin. They could provide a great advantage of maintaining healthy skin. Many peptide growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and human growth hormone (hGH) have been used in cosmetic formulations. The delivery of peptide growth factors across the Stratum corneum, however, seems not sufficient because of their physical properties such as high molecular weight and hydrophilicity. So increasing the penetration of growth factors of interest into skin would be a major concern for ensuring their maximum biological efficacy. In this study, we have identified several skin penetration-enhancing peptides which facilitate delivery of growth factors, when fused at N-terminus of the target protein, into skin. For efficient and rapid screening, we constructed a skin-penetrating assay system using Franz cell and porcine skin. Next, we carried out phage display screening using M-13 bacteriophage with random 12 -amino acid library on its coat protein P3 on that system. After several selection rounds, peptide sequences facilitate the penetration of phages through the porcine skin were identified from a large population of phages. We found that phages with the most potent peptide (S3-2, NGSLNTHLAPIL) could penetrate the porcine skin eight times more than those with control peptide (12 mino acids scrambled peptide). Furthermore, growth factors conjugated with S3-2 peptide penetrate porcine skin three to five times efficiently than non-conjugated growth factors. In conclusion, our data shows that the skin penetration-enhancing peptide we have characterized could increase the delivery of growth factors and is useful for cosmeceutical application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.152-157
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• 2005

This experimental study was devoted to investigate skin friction of H group piles with uplift loading conditions in granite soil under laboratory test. Model piles made of steel embedded in weathered granite soil were used in this study. Pile arrangements($2{\times}2,\;3{\times}3$), pile space(2D, 4D, 6D), and soil density($D_r=40%,\;80%$) were tested. The main results obtained from the model tests can be summarized as follows. The series of tests found that ultimate uplift load and displacement for group piles were increased as piles space ratio increases to $D_r=40%$ of soil density. In the relative density of $D_r=80%$, bearing capacity for group piles was greater than for single pile. In the relative density of $D_r=40%$, the theoretical value of skin friction for group piles was greater than practical value. In the relative density of $D_r=80%$, both theoretical and practical value of skin friction for group piles were increased as piles space ratio increases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2005

Objects : With the advancement of tissue engineering techniques, the effort to develop bioartificial mucosa have been actively delivered. The problem we met with this technique is the lack of mechanical strength between kerationocyte layer and dermal layer, where in the normal skin and mucosa, they are tightly bound with rete ridge structure. The purpose of this study is to understand the 2D and 3D structure of rete ridge of mucosa and skin paddle for rendering more biomimetic structure to the artificial mucosa. Materials and Methods : Oral mucosa and skin from the patients who received the oral surgery and maxillofacial reconstruction were harvested. The epidermis was separated from the dermis after treating with dispase for 12-16 hours. H&E staining was performed for 2D(dimensional) structure study and confocal LASER and SEM study were performed for 3D structure. Mean height(Sc) and arithmetic mean deviation(Sa) of all surface height were calculated. Results : The average height of rete ridge of skin flap was between $67.14{\mu}m$ and $194.55{\mu}m$. That of oral mucosa was between $146.26{\mu}m$ and $167.51{\mu}m$. Pressure bearing area and attached gingiva of oral mucosa showed deeper rete ridges. Conclusion : To obtain the adequate strength of artificially cultured keratinocyte skin and mucosa flap, it is necessary to imitate the original skin and mucosa structure, especially rete ridge. Through this study, 2D and 3D rete ridge structure of normal mucosa and skin was obtained. These results can be used as basis for substrate morphology for keratinocytes culture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

Objectives: We investigated the influence of the neck acupressure massage and the neck cream including korean herbal extract on the neck wrinkles and blood circulation. Methods: Korean female($37.47{\pm}3.66$ years, n=18) aged 30-39 years were participated in this study. We measured the neck wrinkles with PRIMOS(GFMesstechnik GmbH, Germany) and blood circulation of neck and facial skin with Laser Doppler Imaging-Periscan PIM II(Perimed AB, Sweden). Results: The neck wrinkles were significantly decreased after applying neck cream. But when with the neck acupressure massage, the neck wrinkles were decreased 2-fold than applying only the neck cream. The skin blood circulation was significantly increased on the neck and facial skin immediately after the neck acupressure massage. But this effect was not significantly different after 8 weeks Conclusions: This result suggests that the neck acupressure massage can improve the anti-wrinkles effect of the neck cream including Korean herbal extract.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.145-154
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• 1999

A novel retinol derivative, polyethoxylated retinamide (Medimin A) was synthesized, as an anti-aging agent. Collagen synthesis, skin permeation, stability, and toxicity of Medimin A were evaluated and compared with those of retinol and retinyl palmitate. In vitro collagen synthesis was evaluated by quantitative assay of [$^3H$]-proline incorporation into collagenase sensitive protein in fibroblast cultures. For in vitro skin permeation experiments, Franz diffusion cells (effective diffusion area: $1, 766{\;}\textrm{cm}^2$) and the excised skin of female hairless mouse aged 8 weeks were used The stabilities of retlnoids were evaluated at two different temperature ($25{\;}^{\circ}C$ and $40{\;}^{\circ}C$) and under UV in solubilized state and in OW emulsion. To estimate the safety, acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, primary skin irritation, acute eye irritation and human patch test were performed The effect of Medimin A on collagen synthesis was similar to that of retinol. The skin permeability of Medimin A was higher than those of retinol and retinyl palmitate. The Medimin A was more stable than retinol and retinyl palmitate. Medimin A was nontoxic in various toxicological tests. These results suggest that Medimin A would be a good anti-aging agent for enhancing bioavailability and stability.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2013

Various indicators representing skin characteristics such as skin hydration, sebum excretion rate, lightness, and pH are different depending on environmental and genetic factors. However, they are absolute skin indicators and are different from skin characteristics that a person recognizes. Based on this fact, many recent studies have been mainly conducting researches on perspective changes according to changes of absolute skin. This study was proposed not only to find out differences on skin colors of asian by nations, but also to find out whether there was any difference in skin brightness they perceive depending on actual skin color changing. As many as 410 subjects of three Asia nations were participated in this study, and investigated their responses on skin brightness using questionnaire, which was answered their skin color in three different levels. It was also were analyzed how actual skin brightness were changed depending on their perceived skin color changes of subjects. There was a trend showing that the brightness of the actual skin color was increased when participants felt their skin color got brighter regardless of their nationalities. However, there were some differences in color between perceived color and actual color. In addition, there was a different aspect by nations in changes of skin redness and skin yellowness. In conclusion, it was revealed that factors which help people to perceive their own skin brightness were not based on absolute skin brightness, but on different criteria depending on where they are from.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.749-755
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• 2004

This paper was conducted to compare the methods of women's basic pattern and the problems by analyzing the space between skin and clothing using 3D scanner and thereupon, proposed the solutions. The Bunka pattern of Japan Bunka Women's University(Bunka) and the Secoli pattern of Italy istituto carlo secoli(Secoli) were used. The subject who has nearly the same body size with N type of National anthropometric survey of Korea in 1997 was picked out. In the result of analyzing the space between skin and clothing of each pattern by 3D Scanner, there exist significant differences in the chest and bust parts. The Bunka has more space than the Secoli at bust part, especially between bust points. Because the Bunka has the bust dart which was made from only the bust girth, it couldn't reflect the difference of each human body. Whereas the Secoli has the bust dart which gave a consideration the difference between the bust girth and the chest girth, it has more even space between skin and clothing.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2008

The evaluation for the visage volume was performed with human and dummy face using PRIMOS $body^{(R)}$. Three researchers measured the dummy face attached different volume of clay (6.6 mL, 13.2 mL, and 19.8 mL). It is identified that the high correlation between measured values and real volume ($R^2=0.99$). The percent (%) of relative standard deviation (RSD) of the data was shown below 10%. In Gage R&R analysis, the percent of contribution, the percent of study variation and distinct categories values were 0.78%, 8.85%, and 15% respectively. Therefore this method was regarded as the good standard condition in aspect of reproducibility and repetitiveness of data. The face volume variation was measured by PRIMOS $body^{(R)}$ on the face in participated 10 healthy Korean women volunteers. Subjects used the product once a day for two weeks as night sleeping pack. After application of the test products, the 3D image data of face were taken 1 and 2 weeks later. We found the face volume was significantly decreased after using products. In conclusion, this novel non-invasive technique was useful in measuring and visualizing alterations in face volume as a consequence of certain treatments. This system will provide a rapid and precise analysis of 3D topographical information for face.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2019

In this work, we fabricated liquid crystal (LC) emulsions with fatty alcohol in order to stabilize high content ceramide in cosmetic formulation. We investigated the role of fatty alcohol and surfactant in the formation of higher order structure. As a result, we found that they play a crucial role to form higher order structure. SAXS study shows that ceramide can be incorporated up to 3% in cosmetic formulation with higher order structure and its stability was maintained up to 12 weeks at room temperature. According to WAXS study, the higher order structure can suppress the re-crystallization of ceramide in cosmetic formulation. Finally, we performed in vivo skin barrier recovery test for the damaged skin. LC emulsions with ceramide and O/W emulsions show significant effect in skin barrier recovery at D 1, D 2 and D 6 compared to the untreated condition. While only LC emulsions show significant skin recovery effect at D 14. We expect that LC emulsions are the promising skin carrier to stabilize ceramide and LC emulsions with ceramide can improve the skin barrier function.