• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.306-314
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• 2020

The use of synthetic resins in ceramic restoration poses several challenges, including aging and potential damage to artifacts, which has raised the need to investigate new materials and restoration methods. This study set out to incorporate full color 3D printing into the 3D digital technology-based restoration method, an emerging approach currently being researched, and to print out missing parts with color information. After examining material physical properties with an experiment, the investigator printed out missing parts from a white porcelain vessel and grayish-blue-powdered celadon plate and compared them in chromaticity and brilliance. The experimental results show that the outputs had comparable tensile strength to the original restoration materials, whereas the recorded compressive strength was approximately 1.4~2 times higher than that of the original restoration materials. According to the NIST table of color difference values, the white porcelain vessel was visible at ΔE^*ab 1.55, and the grayish-blue-powdered celadon plate was perceivable at 3.34. Even though it was impossible to express the colors accurately owing to printer limitations, this non-contact approach reduced the possibility of damage to the minimum. In conclusion, it can be applied to objects with a high chance of damage or generate display effects through purposeful color differentiation in missing parts.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.107-122
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• 2023

This study analyzed the style, dimensions, fabric patterns, colors, and fabrics of a traditional Chinese women's dress from the Zhou Dynasty, and reconstructed it in the form of a virtual garment using 3D CLO. Based on ancient flat image data and three-dimensional portrait data, who wore them, how they were worn, and how they were coordinated was analyzed. In order to analyze the size and pattern of the straight Ju Chines dress, data from the excavation report and the tomb owner's anthropometric measurements were combined to infer the wearing condition and organize the sculptural features. Dimensional analysis was carried out using a well-preserved small-scale woven cotton cloth as a restoration model, and the horizontal and vertical dimensions were reasonably estimated using the shape proportioning method. The analysis of the colors and patterns of the fabrics was based on the colors and patterns of the fabrics excavated from Masan Tomb No. 1 during the Eastern Zhou, Qin, and Han periods. Finally, a virtual model was created using data from the excavation report and the age and height information of the owner of the excavated robe, and the pose and size of the virtual model were determined using 3D CLO. Based on the previous research data, the garment was virtually sewn and simulated. The shape, pressure, and strain of the garment in different postures was also compared. Through the research direction of pattern and 3D restoration, this research maximizes the restoration of Chinese traditional women's dress and presents it in a more intuitive, comprehensive, and vivid way.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.430-437
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• 2016

Background Accurate breast volume assessment is a prerequisite to preoperative planning, as well as intraoperative decision making in breast reconstruction surgery. The use of three-dimensional surface imaging (3D scanning) to assess breast volume has many advantages. However, before employing 3D scanning in the field, the tool's validity should be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to confirm the validity of 3D-scanning technology for evaluating breast volume. Methods We reviewed the charts of 25 patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery immediately after total mastectomy. Breast volumes using the Axis Three 3D scanner, water-displacement technique, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained bilaterally in the preoperative period. During the operation, the tissue removed during total mastectomy was weighed and the specimen volume was calculated from the weight. Then, we compared the volume obtained from 3D scanning with those obtained using the water-displacement technique, MRI, and the calculated volume of the tissue removed. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of breast volumes obtained from 3D scanning, as compared to the volumes obtained using the water-displacement technique and specimen weight, demonstrated excellent reliability. The ICC of breast volumes obtained using 3D scanning, as compared to those obtained by MRI, demonstrated substantial reliability. Passing-Bablok regression showed agreement between 3D scanning and the water-displacement technique, and showed a linear association of 3D scanning with MRI and specimen volume, respectively. Conclusions When compared with the classical water-displacement technique and MRI-based volumetry, 3D scanning showed significant reliability and a linear association with the other two methods.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 2007

Self-thinning was measured in Salix communities on Bam Island in Seoul at various age stages. $D^2H$ was used to estimate tree biomass, where D is stem diameter at breast height or 10 cm height for plants with height <1.5 m, and H is height. A log-log plot of density versus $D^2H$ and correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between density and biomass with equation 'log $D^2H$ = -1.27 log N + 7.06'. This indicates that self-thinning affects biomass in the Salix community with -1.27 as the thinning coefficient. If we assume a thinning exponent -3/2, then the allometric coefficient of the equation, log w = a log $D^2H$ + b, is 1.18. This is much higher than that for any other species studied in Korea. There were statistically significant relationships between age and density and between age and basal area and these relationships suggest guidelines for transplantation of willows and for the assessment of Salix community restoration projects in riverine wetlands based on standard density, basal area, and age. The results of this study may also increase understanding of succession processes in Salix community restoration in riverine wetlands.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.589-592
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• 2005

Since G.N. Hounsfield's clinical use of computed tomography in 1971, digital imaging technique using computers has shown an eye opening progress. Progress has made 3-dimensional understanding of not only facial bones but muscles and other connective tissues possible through 3-dimensional reconstruction of preexisting tomographical images. Also, quantitative analysis of density, distance, volume has become possible, allowing objective analysis of preoperative and postoperative states through imaging. The authors measured the masseter muscle volume of 20 normal individuals and 8 female patients through 3-D reconstructive CT imaging and made a statistical analysis of the measurements. The method used in our study may be applied to the diagnosis of disease causing the change of the facial volume and presurgical design as a useful tool to provide objective information on the evaluation of surgery outcome.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.105-111
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• 2023

Currently, most of content restoration using artificial intelligence learning is 2D learning. However, 3D form of artificial intelligence learning is in an incomplete state due to the disadvantage of requiring a lot of computation and learning speed from the existing 2 axes (X, Y) to 3 axes (X, Y, Z). The purpose of this paper is to secure a data-set for artificial intelligence learning by analyzing and 3D modeling the stone pagodas of ourinari by era based on the two-dimensional information (image) of cultural assets. In addition, we analyzed the differences and characteristics of towers in each era in Korea, and proposed a feature modeling method suitable for artificial intelligence learning. Restoration of cultural properties relies on a variety of materials, expert techniques and historical archives. By recording and managing the information necessary for the restoration of cultural properties through this study, it is expected that it will be used as an important documentary heritage for restoring and maintaining Korean traditional pagodas in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.95-101
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• 2023

Colmap is one of the innovative artificial intelligence technologies, highly effective as a tool in 3D reconstruction tasks. Moreover, it excels at constructing intricate 3D models by utilizing images and corresponding metadata. Colmap generates 3D models by merging 2D images, camera position data, depth information, and so on. Through this, it achieves detailed and precise 3D reconstructions, inclusive of objects from the real world. Additionally, Colmap provides rapid processing by leveraging GPUs, allowing for efficient operation even within large data sets. In this paper, we have presented a method of collecting 2D images of traditional Korean towers and reconstructing them into 3D models using Colmap. This study applied this technology in the restoration process of traditional stone towers in South Korea. As a result, we confirmed the potential applicability of Colmap in the field of cultural heritage restoration.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.165-173
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• 2020

ABS and PLA are applied for restoring missing part of damaged ceramics, but are not similar to the material of ceramics, so this study conducted a research on the properties and applicability of ceramic resin. This study conducted actual restoration of ABS and ceramic resin as well as cast restoration method with experiment of properties. Results show that manufacturing of restored part showed higher precision than existing materials, which enables printing of tiny shapes showing excellent surface texture and gloss than L30 and ABS resin. As a result of measuring properties, the material showed excellent durability than existing materials with no contraction and deformation and compressive strength, but value of specific gravity and hardness can lower processability after manufacturing. Long-term monitoring, evaluation of reliability of ceramic resin applied in this study, additional researches on the restorability of the original shape when printing too thin or long restored part are needed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2018

Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by progressive shrinkage and degeneration of the tissues usually on only one side of the face. It is usually difficult to restore the facial contour due to skin tightness. In this case report, we report a forehead reconstruction with custom-made three-dimensional (3D) titanium implant of a Parry-Romberg syndrome patient who was treated with multiple fat grafts but had limited effect. A 36-year-old man presented with hemifacial atrophy. The disease progressed from 5 to 16 years old. The patient had alopecia on frontal scalp and received a surgery using tissue expander. The alopecia lesion was covered by expanded scalp flap done 22 years ago. Also, he was treated with fat grafts on depressed forehead 17 years ago. However, it did not work sufficiently, and there was noted depressed forehead. We planned to make 3D titanium implant to cover the depressed area (from the superior orbital rim to the vertex). During the operation, we confirmed that the custom-made 3D implant accurately fit for the depressed area without any dead spaces. Previously depressed forehead and glabella were elevated, and the forehead contour was improved cosmetically. A custom-made 3D titanium implant is widely used for skull reconstruction and bring good results. In our case, the depressed forehead of a Parry-Romberg syndrome patient was improved by a 3D titanium implant.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2009

This study was focused on digital restoration and structural stability evaluation applying 3D scanning system of five-storied Magoksa temple stone pagoda in Gongju. For these, the digital restoration of the pagoda was completed using laser scan data which is measured 16 directions and data processing program of 7 stages. As a result of digital restoration, the overall height and width of stone properties showed a little difference in directions and the width of roof stones appeared very high difference of each floor. The width of pagoda body become smaller to the fifth floor, but gradual decrease rate showed irregular characteristics. Also, as result of 3D image analysis for structural stability evaluation, the displacement occurred toward northwest in second body stone to upper final stone except for central axis of the first body stone which inclines toward southwest. Such 3D image analysis is required quantification of survey method and should be applied to various field such as quantitative damage maps in order to utilize a conservation of stone cultural heritages, continuously.