• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1996

In a small high-speed D. I. diesel engine, the injected fuel spray into the atmosphere of the high temperature is burnt by go through the process of break up, atomization, evaporation and process of ignition. These process are important to decide the emission control and the rate of fuel consumption and out put of power. Especially, in the case of injected fuel spray impinging on the wall of piston cavity, the geometry of piston cavity gives great influence the ignitability of injected fuel and the flame structure. Ordinary, the combustion chamber of driving engine have unsteady turbulent flow be attendant on such as the change of temperature, velocity and pressure. So the analysis of spray behavior is difficult. In this study, the spray was impinged on the wall of 3 types of piston cavity such as Dish, Toroidal, Re-entrant type, in order to analyze the combustion process of impinging spray precisely and systematically. And hot wire probe was used for analyze non-steady flow characteristics of impinging spray, and to investigate the behavior of spray, the aspects of concentration c(t), standard deviation σ(t) and variation factor(vf) was measured with the lapse of time.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The present study focuses on the contribution of a teaching unit to the development of spatial ability of third graders in general and from a gender point of view in particular. The research population consisted of seventy-four pupils: thirty-seven pupils in the experimental group who attended the teaching unit and thirty-seven pupils in the control group. The spatial ability of all the pupils was examined by means of common tests which checked cognitive capabilities of spatial ability. The research findings illustrate an improvement in the spatial ability of the experimental group pupils following the participation in the teaching unit. Moreover, regarding the gender aspect, the findings show that there was no significant differentiation between the spatial ability of third grade boys and the spatial ability of girls of the same age group.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.1288-1293
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• 2007

The present study covers the design and analysis of a thermionic scanning electron microscope (SEM) column. The SEM column contains an electron optical system in which electrons are emitted and moved to form a focused beam, and this generates secondary electrons from the specimen surfaces, eventually making an image. The electron optical system mainly consists of a thermionic electron gun as the beam source, the lens system, the electron control unit, and the vacuum unit. In the design process, the dimension and capacity of the SEM components need to be optimally determined with the aid of finite element analyses. Considering the geometry of the filament, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis is utilized. Through the analysis, the beam emission characteristics and relevant trajectories are predicted from which a systematic design of the electron optical system is enabled. The validity of the proposed 3D analysis is also discussed by comparing the directional beam spot radius. As a result, a prototype of a thermionic SEM is successfully developed with a relatively short time and low investment costs, which proves the adoptability of the proposed 3D analysis.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.181-184
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• 2006

High-speed flight vehicle have various cavities. The supersonic cavity flow is complicated due to vortices, flow separation and reattachment, shock and expansion waves. The general cavity flow phenomena include the formation and dissipation of vortices, which induce oscillation and noise. The oscillation and noise greatly affect flow control, chemical reaction, and heat transfer processes. The supersonic cavity' flow with high Reynolds number is characterized by the pressure oscillation due to turbulent shear layer, cavity geometry, and resonance phenomenon based on external flow conditions, The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect aerodynamic performance and stability. In the present study, we performed numerical analysis of cavities by applying the unsteady, compressible three dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with the ${\kappa}-{\omega}$ turbulence model. The cavity model used for numerical calculation had a depth(D) of 15mm cavity aspect ratio(L/D) of 3, width to spanwise ratio(W/D) of 1.0 to 5.0. Based on the PSD(Power Spectral Density) and CSD(Cross Spectral Density) analysis of the pressure variation, the dominant frequency was analyized and compared with the results of Rossiter's Eq.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2006

High-speed flight vehicle have various cavities. The supersonic cavity flow is complicated due to vortices, flow separation, reattachment, shock waves and expansion waves. The general cavity flow phenomena includes the formation and dissipation of vortices, which induce oscillation and noise. The oscillation and noise greatly affect flow control, chemical reaction, and heat transfer processes. The supersonic cavity flow with high Reynolds number is characterized by the pressure oscillation due to turbulent shear layer, cavity geometry, and resonance phenomenon based on external flow conditions. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect aerodynamic performance and stability. In the present study, we performed numerical analysis of cavities by applying the unsteady, compressible three dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with the ${\kappa}-{\omega}$ turbulence model. The cavity model used for numerical calculation had a depth(D) of 15mm cavity aspect ratio (L/D) of 3, width to spanwise ratio(W/D) of 1.0 to 5.0. Based on the PSD(Power Spectral Density) and CSD(Cross Spectral Density) analysis of the pressure variation, the dominant frequency was analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter's Eq.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

The paper investigates the geometric effect of landmarks to the navigation error in the landmark based 3D vision navigation and introduces the INS/Vision integrated navigation system considering its effect. The integrated system uses the vision navigation results taking into account the dilution of precision for landmark geometry. Also, the integrated system helps the vision navigation to consider it. An indirect filter with feedback structure is designed, in which the position and the attitude errors are measurements of the filter. Performance of the integrated system is evaluated through the computer simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm works well and that better performance can be expected when the error characteristics of vision navigation are considered.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2001

The aim of the present work is to propose a model for Computer Aided programming of numerical Control lathe. This model is based on the concept by features. It has been developed in an Artificial Intelligence environment, that offers a rapidity as well as a precision for NC code elaboration. In this study a pre-processor has been elaborated to study the geometry of turning workpiece. This pre-processor is a hybrid system which combine a module of design by features and a module of features recognition for a piece provided from an other CAD software. Then, we have conceived a processor that is the heart of the CAD/CAM software. The main functions are to study the fixture of the workpiece, to choose automatically manufacturing cycles, to choose automatically cutting tools (the most relevant), to simulate tool path of manufacturing and calculate cutting conditions, end to elaborate a typical manufacturing process. Finally, the system generates the NC program from information delivered by the processor.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.41.4-41
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• 2002

In this paper we deal with visual servoing that can control a robot arm with a camera using information of images only, without estimating 3D position and rotation of the robot arm. Here it is assumed that the robot arm is calibrated and the camera is uncalibrated. Here we consider two coordinate systems, the world coordinate system and the camera coordinate one and we use a pinhole camera model as the camera one. First of all, the essential notion can be show, that is, epipolar geometry, epipole, epipolar equation, and epipolar constrain. And these plays an important role in designing visual servoing in the later chapters. Statement of the problem is giver. Provided two a priori...

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.423-437
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• 2009

In order to perform a step-by-step force-displacement response analysis or dynamic time-history analysis of large buildings with masonry infilled R/C frames, a continuous force-deformation model based on an equivalent strut approach is proposed for masonry infill panels containing openings. The model, which is applicable for degrading elements, can be implemented to replicate a wide range of monotonic force-displacement behaviour, resulting from different design and geometry, by varying the control parameters of the model. The control parameters of the proposed continuous model are determined using experimental data. The experimental program includes fifteen 1/3-scale, single-story, single-bay reinforced concrete frame specimens subjected to lateral cyclic loading. The parameters investigated include the shape, the size, the location of the opening and the infill compressive strength. The actual properties of the infill and henceforth the characteristics needed for the diagonal strut model are based on the assessment of its lateral resistance by the subtraction of the response of the bare frame from the response of the infilled frame.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

본 연구는 학동기 아동에서 근시교정용 콘택트렌즈인 역기하학 콘택트렌즈(RGL, reverse geometry contact lens)에 대한 근시교정 효과 및 안전성을 평가하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 2004년 3월부터 2005년 7월 사이에 근시굴절교정술을 목적으로 역기하학렌즈를 처방 받은 7세부터 18세사이의 학동기 환자 중 착용 후 3개월 이상 추적관찰이 가능했던 중등도 이하의 근시(-1.00~-5.00 D(Diopter))를 갖는 남녀 53명 106안을 연구대상으로 하였다. 렌즈처방을 위한 검사로는 세극동 현미경, BUT(Break Up Time), 직상검안경, 검영기, 나안시력, 최대 교정시력, 자동굴절검사, 각막곡률측정, 각막지형도검사를 착용 전과 착용 후 1일, 1주일, 2주일, 1개월, 2개월, 3개월 째 각각 시행하여 근시교정 효과와 합병증 발생 여부를 알아보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 렌즈 착용 전 평균 나안시력은 $0.0938{\pm}0.378$에서 착용 후 1일에 $0.3136{\pm}0.283$이었고, 1주에는 $0.7925{\pm}0.301$으로 급격한 시력향상을 보였으며 2주후부터는 약간씩이었지만 계속되는 추이를 보였다(p<0.01). 각막지형도검사 상 편심율은 역기하학 렌즈 착용 전 평균 $0.548{\pm}0.099$에서 착용 후 3개월에는 $-0.257{\pm}0.283$(t=2.321, p=0.022)으로 감소하였다. 렌즈 착용 후 1일부터 2개월 사이에 급격한 편심율 감소를 보였으며(p<0.01) 2개월 후부터는 약간의 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 역기하학 렌즈는 중동도 이하의 근시를 가진 환자에 있어 일시적으로 굴절이상을 교정하고 근시진행을 조절하는데 매우 유용한 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 부작용은 상대적으로 미미하였으나 장기적으로 눈 건강에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 추가 연구가 더 필요하리라 생각된다. 렌즈의 처방은 편심율(eccentricity)과 각막지형도의 분포도를 고려한 주문제작 피팅법이 매우 높은 성공률을 보였다.