• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.301-308
• /
• 2004

The methane reforming with $CO_2$ and steam for manufacture of synthesis gas over $Ni/ZrO_2$ catalyst was investigated. Mixed reforming carried out $CO_2$ dry reforming with $O_2$ and steam for development of DME process in pilot plant. To improve a catalyst deactivation by coke formation, the mixed reforming added carbon dioxide and steam as a oxidizer of the methane reforming was suggested. The result of experiments over commercial catalyst in $CO_2$ dry reforming has shown that the catalyst activity decrease rapidly after 20 hours. In case of $NiO-MgO/Al_2O_3$ catalyst, the deactivation of 20 percent after 30 hours was occurred. The activity of Ni/C catalyst still was not decreased dramatically after 100 hours. The effect of $H_2$ reforming with steam over $Ni/CO_2$ catalyst obtained the optimal conversion of methane and carbon dioxide, and could be produced synthesis gas at ratio of $H_2/CO$ under 1.5.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2008

The esterification of free fatty acid in Jatropha oil added by propylene glycol using p-TSA catalyst was done, and then the transesterification of Jatropha oil added by 1.0vol% GMS as an emulsifier using TMAH, and mixed catalyst(60wt%-TMAH+ 40wt%-KOH) respectively was followed at $60^{\circ}C$. The esterification conversion at the 1:8 molar ratio of free fatty acid to methanol using 8.0wt% p-TSA was 94.7% within 60min. The overall conversion at the 1:8 molar ratio of Jatropha oil to methanol and $60^{\circ}C$ using mixed catalyst was 95.4%. The kinematic viscosity of Biodiesel using TMAH and mixed catalyst in 24h met the ASTM D-6751 above $30^{\circ}C$, and showed a little more than its criterion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.172-177
• /
• 1989

Stereoselective solvolyses of optically active activated esters in the aggregate system of optically active polymeric surfactants containing imidazole and benzene moieties were performed. The catalyst polymers employed were copolymers of N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester (MHis) with N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecyl-N-[10-(p-methacryloylo xyphenoxycarbonyl)-decyl]ammonium bromide(DEMAB). In the solvolyses of N-carbobenzoxy-D- and L-phenylalanine p-nitrophenyl esters (D-NBP and L-NBP) by polymeric catalysts, copoly(MHis-DEMAB) exhibited not only increased catalytic activity but also enhanced enantioselectivity as the mole ${\%}$ of surfactant monomers in the copolymers increased. The polymeric catalysts showed noticeable enantioselective solvolyses toward D- and L-NBP of the substrates employed. As the reaction temperature was lowered for the solvolyses of D- and L-NBP with the catalyst polymer containing 3.5 mole ${\%}$ of MHis, the increased reaction rate and enhanced enantioselectivity were observed. The coaggregative systems of the polymer and monomeric surfactants were also investigated. In the case of coaggregate system consisted of 70 mole ${\%}$ of cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide with polymeric catalyst showed maximum enantioselective catalysis, viz., $k_{cat}(L)/k_{cat}(D)$ = 2.85. The catalyst polymers in the sonicated solvolytic solutions were confirmed to form large aggregate structure by electron microscopic observation.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2020

2000년대에 접어들면서 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR) 촉매에 대한 광범위한 수요가 점차 증가하고 있다. SCR 촉매는 환경보호를 위해 질소산화물(NOx)의 배출 방지에 사용 된다. 일반적으로 SCR 촉매의 주성분은 TiO₂(70~80 %), WO₃(7~10 %), V₂O₅(~1 %) 등으로 구성되어있다. SCR 폐촉매는 대개 매립되어 폐기 되는데, 분해도가 극히 낮아 매립지에 영구적으로 남아있게 된다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 환경을 보호하고 페촉매에 함유되어 있는 유가금속의 회수를 위하여 새로운 첨단기술의 개발이 필요하다. 이러한 SCR 폐촉매의 처리를 위해 침출 및 액-액 추출과 같은 습식제련법이 설계되고 개발되었다. 첫 번째 단계에서 SCR 폐촉매로부터 바나듐과 텅스텐을 선택적으로 침출한 후, 액-액 추출 공정에 의해 처리되었다. 바나듐과 텅스텐의 선택적 추출을 위해 D2EHPA, PC 88A, TBP, Cyanex 272, Aliquat 336과 같은 다양한 상용 용매추출제를 이용한 실험을 수행하였다. 바나듐과 텅스텐의 추출 및 분리를 위해 세정(scrubbing) 및 탈거(stripping) 연구가 수행되고 최적화 되었다. 3상의 생성을 억제하기 위해 iso-decanol 시약을 사용하여 최적화 하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2015

The synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) oil is the catalytic hydrogenation of CO to give a range of products, which can be used for the production of high-quality diesel fuel, gasoline and linear chemicals. This studied catalyst was prepared Cobalt-supported alumina and silica by the incipient wet impregnation of the nitrates of cobalt, promoter and organic solvent with supports. Cobalt catalysts were calcined at $350^{\circ}C$ before being loaded into the FT reactors. After the reduction of catalyst has been carried out under $450^{\circ}C$ for 24h, FT reaction of the catalyst has been carried out at GHSV of 4,000/hr under $200^{\circ}C$ and 20atm. From these experimental results, we have obtained the results as following; In case of $SiO_2$ catalysts, the activity of 12wt% $Cobalt-SiO_2$ synthesized by organic solvent was about 2 or 3 times higher than the activity of 12wt% $Cobalt-SiO_2$ catalyst synthesized without organic solvent. In particular, the activity of the $Cobalt-SiO_2$ catalyst prepared in the presence of an organic solvent P was two to three times higher than that of the $Cobalt-SiO_2$ catalyst prepared without the organic solvent. Effect of Cr and Cu metal as a promoter was found little. 200 h long-term activity test was performed with a $Co/SiO_2$ catalyst prepared in the presence of an organic solvent of Glyoxal solution.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 유기환원제로 포름산과 촉매로 PtD/C를 사용하여 불순물이 없는 고품질 V^3.5+ 전해질을 생산하였고 이를 VRFB에 적용하였다. PtD/C 촉매의 잘 배향된 3D 수상 돌기 구조는 포름산 산화 반응과 바나듐 환원 반응에 높은 활성을 보여 주었다. 그 결과 PtD/C의 촉매 전환율은 2.73 mol g^-1 h^-1로 polyol방법을 제조된 Pt/C의 전환율 1.67 mol g^-1 h^-1보다 더 높았다. 또한 VRFB 충방전 실험에서 촉매 반응으로 생성된 V^3.5+ 전해질은 전해 방법으로 제조 된 표준V^3.5+전해질과 동일한 성능을 보여 줌으로서 VRFB의 전해질로 사용 가능함을 증명하였다.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경과학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.192-194
• /
• 2005

O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 고급산화공정에서 1,4-D의 제거는 반응시간에 따라 완만하게 감소하였으나, O$_3$/catalyst 고급산화공정에서는 전체 제거량의 약 50${\sim}$75%가 반응 초기 5분 내에 제거되어 O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 공정에 비해 초기 반응속도가 현저히 빠른 것을 알 수 있었다. O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 고급산화공정은 ${\Delta}$TOC/${\Delta}$ThOC의 비는 0.09${\sim}$0.40으로 나타났으며, O$_3$/catalyst 고급산화공정에서는 ${\Delta}$TOC/${\Delta}$ThOC의 비가 0.68${\sim}$0.98로 나타나 O$_3$/catalyst 고급산화공정이 O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 고급산화공정에 비해 유기물의 산화력이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.1264-1276
• /
• 2000

Light-off catalyst has been used for minimization of cold-start emissions. Improved cold-start performance of light-off catalyst needs the optimal design in terms of flow distribution, geometric surface area, precious metal loading, cell density and space velocity. In this study, these influential factors are numerically investigated using integrated numerical technique by considering not only 3-D fluid flow but also heat and mass transfer with chemical reactions. The present results indicate that uneven catalyst loading of depositing high active catalyst at upstream of monolith is beneficial during warm-up period but its effect is severely deteriorated when the space velocity is above 100,000 $hr^{-1}$ To maximize light-off performance, this study suggests that 1) a light-off catalyst be designed double substrate type; 2) the substrate with high GSA and high PM loading at face be placed at the front monolith; and 3) the cell density of the rear monolith be lower to reduce the pressure drop.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2004

The single-step process for conversion of syngas to DME give higher conversion than the syngas-to-methanol process. This arises because of a synergy among the three simultaneous reaction, methanol synthesis, methanol dehydration and water gas shift reaction, in the process. we would find the optimal condition of the process which these advantages. The optimal condition of DME synthesis reaction over a commercial $Cu/Zn/Al_2O_3$ catalyst and Hybrid catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The syngas-to-dimethyl ether conversion was examined on various reaction condition (Temperature 473~553K, $H_2/CO$ ratio 1~3, Pressure 30'50atm, GHSV 1000~4000).

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2010

The optimization of experimental parameters, such as catalyst type, catalyst concentration, molar ratio of alcohol to oil and reaction temperature, on the transesterification for the production of rapeseed methyl ester has been studied. The Taguchi approach (Taguchi method) was adopted as the experimental design methodology, which was adequate for understanding the effects of the control parameters and to optimize the experimental conditions from a limited number of experiments. The optimal experimental conditions obtained from this study were potassium hydroxide as the catalyst, at a concentration of 1.5 wt %, and a reaction temperature of $60^{\circ}C$. According to Taguchi method, the catalyst concentration played the most important role in the yield of rapeseed methyl ester. Finally, the yield of rapeseed methyl ester was improved to 96.7% with the by optimal conditions of the control parameters which were obtained by Taguchi method.