• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between 2-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurement and 3-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurement, and to evaluate the availability of 3D analysis for asymmetry patients. Materials and Methods: A total of Twenty-seven patients were evaluated for facial asymmetry by photograph and cephalometric radiograph, and CBCT. The 14 measurements values were evaluated and those for 2D and 3D were compared. The patients were classified into two groups. Patients in group 1 were evaluated for symmetry in the middle 1/3 of the face and asymmetry in the lower 1/3 of the face, and those in group 2 for asymmetry of both the middle and lower 1/3 of the face. Results: In group 1, significant differences were observed in nine values out of 14 values. Values included three from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (cant and both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). In group 2, comparison between 2D and 3D showed significant difference in 10 factors. Values included four from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (both maxillary height, both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). Conclusion: Information from 2D analysis was inaccurate in several measurements. Therefore, in asymmetry patients, 3D analysis is useful in diagnosis of asymmetry.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2014

Measurement of the absolute displacement of the moving machinery components in three-dimensions (3D) is of critical functional importance. This paper describes the system that measures motion associated with six degrees-of-freedom in 3D. Wire-sensors are used to estimate the positions of an object in a 3D Cartesian coordinate system, based on the values of their initial position and the measured values. For inducing the transfer function, which represents the motion of an object, the number of the minimum measurement points is determined. Also, the experimental measuring device is configured to visualize the behavior of a rectangular object in real-time. The software for measuring the six types of motions is directly programmed using a commercial software.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.108-124
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• 2007

Body measurement was held for the subjects of Chinese adult males in their 20s through 40s residing in the Ningbo area of Zhejiang Province in order to provide body type information and raise the fit of clothing products for the advancement into the Chinese market. The following sums up the analysis of body types based on body measurement: 1. Seven factors to compose body types were produced from the analysis of males in their 20s, explaining 76.07% of variables and representing 3 types according to cluster analysis. Type 1 was H-b and appeared as much as 32.14%. Type 2, semi X-d, was 40.81%, while Type 3, A-i, had 27.04%. 2. Eight body type composing factors were extracted from the analysis of men in their 30s and 40s. The factors explained 76.77% of all the variables and represented 4 types according to cluster analysis. Type 1, H-d, had the appearance rate of 18.47%; Type 2, H-b, 40.84%; Type 3, Y-i, 27.71%; and Type 4, semi X-s, 11.95%.

• 센서학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2018

Bicycle fittings have been used to ride bicycles comfortably while minimizing non-traumatic injuries. To analyze the cause of non-traumatic injuries, it is necessary to measure the body weight distribution in various biking positions. In this study, a weight distribution measurement system was implemented by installing five weighable devices on the saddle, both pedals, and both handle grips of a bicycle. To measure the body weight applied through the saddle, the structure of a commercial seat post was modified and a load cell was installed inside. Weighable pedals and handle grips were designed using a 3D modeling program and fabricated by employing a 3D printer. The body weight distribution for ten bicycle riders was measured when the two pedals were aligned horizontally and vertically. Experimental results showed that the body weight distribution varied significantly depending on human body shape, even after the bicycle fitting was completed. The difference between the body weight measured by the proposed system and a commercial scale was less than 3 %.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.670-679
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• 1995

This paper presents the 3-D profile measurement system of live human faces, which was developed specially for 'KUMDORI sculptor robot' of the '93 Taejon Exposition. '93 Taejon EXPO. The basic principle for measurement adopts the slit beam projection which is a method of measuring 3-D surface profiles using geometric optics between the slit beam and the CCD camera. Since the slit beam projection consumes long measuring time, it is unfit to measure the 3-D profiles of living objects as human. Therefore, the projection type slit beam method which consumes short measuring time is newly suggested. And an algorithm to reconstruct the 3-D profile from the deformed images using finite approximated calibration is suggested and practically implemented. The projection type slit beam method was applied to spectators in a period of '93 Taejon EXPO. The measurement results show that the technique is suitable for 3-D face profile measurement on a living body.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2019

A CAD program has recently been introduced that can be directly developed into a three-dimensional human body shape and made into a pattern. It is possible to fabricate a bra that reflects the volume and surface area of the breast; however, it still needs to be verified. This study investigates the average size and shape of 20 big-breasted women and designs a brassiere pattern for women with large breasts using a 3D Flattening function of OptiTex PDS v15.6. In addition, the study verifies the reliability of the proposed method compared to a conventional brassiere pattern. The study results are as follows. First, the three dimensional measurement values were smaller than the direct measurement dimensions when the three dimension measurement dimensions of the subjects were compared with the direct measurement dimensions, the replica measurement dimensions and the three dimensional measurement dimensions. Second, the 3D flattening pattern reflects the actual shape, length, and area of the actual breast when comparing a brassiere pattern using a 3D shape and pattern reflecting the direct measurement.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2021

In this study, the characteristics of digital anthropometric methods were determined with case studies. These methods were broadly classified into two categories: non-wearable and wearable. Then, these categories were further classified into four types: 3D Scanning, mobile app, smart clothing, and smart tool Among the non-wearable types, the "3D scanning" technique was based on the use of 3D hardware equipment. With this technique, the body shape was measured and the internal body information was obtained. Therefore, it is used in fields of healthcare and fitness. Among the wearable types, "Smart clothing" involves a special clothing that measures human body and a smartphone application. Both the components are linked to a fashion platform, which is based on the measured sizes that help shoppers. The "Smart tool" has the characteristic of measuring only with smart tools and smartphone applications; it does not involve the measurement of images. The common advantage of digital anthropometric methods are as follows: they reduce the time and cost of measurement by enabling self-measurement. Moreover, simple measurements are used to determine the size of anthropometry. Thereafter, it accumulates this data to track the continuous changes in size. From an industrial point of view, digital anthropometric technology should be used to increase sales. The on-demand market can be expanded as global consumers would throng the Korean fashion market. For the consumer, an avatar should be created to fit the user's size. This would provide a fun experience to the user.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2004

This report is the second study to develop the standard tables of body measurements to be used for improving the fit of garments and patterns for women aged 60 and older. The purpose of this study is to suggest the new sizing system proper to the women aged 60 and older by classifying their somatotype and developing the standard tables of body measurements for each somatotype. The data are the anthropometric measurements of 329 women aged 60 and older measured in 2001 and the 1997 National Somatometry Survey data. The major contents of this study are as follows. The applicability of KS K 0051 and ISO 3637 sizing systems to the women aged 60 and older was investigated by analyzing the distribution of height and drop index the difference of hipgirth and bustgirth. In this result, we certified the two sizing systems were not so proper to elderly women and the new sizing system proper to them was required. So, we classified the somatotype of the women aged 60 and older to 3 groups, 135cm$\leq$H(height)＜145cm, 145cm$\leq$H＜155cm, 155cm$\leq$H＜165cm by height and classified to 3 groups, -4cm$\leq$D(drop)＜16cm, -4cm$\leq$D＜4cm, -l6cm$\leq$D＜-4cm by drop index, and we suggested more proper sizing system for women aged 60 and older by compounding height and drop groups. We also developed the standard tables of body measurements every bustgirth groups of 9 somatotypes. We expect the standard tables of body measurements to applicate to manufacture clothing for elderly women.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2003

The 3D measurement data expected be useful to give appropriate garment fit and development of MTM(Made-to-Measure) CAD software. The researcher surveyed the need and use of national anthropometric data of the apparel industry. 17 Korean apparel manufacturers participated in the study. The need of anthropometric data at 5 different apparel business sectors was measured: men's suit, women's dress, casual-wear, underwear, and active sportswear. The result of the survey shows that height and bust, waist, hip circumferences are needed by all of the business sectors. The body measurements at the scye and upper arm area were need most by the men's suit manufacturers. The women's foundation garment manufacturers were well prepared for the use of the 3D body scan data and they expected the potential benefits of 3D body scan data would be great. The researcher also conducted a case study and found a pro and con of the using 3D body scan data for apparel product developing process. In the current stage of technical advance, a reasonable method was required to get nude like scan data for the women's foundation garment manufacturer. The researcher concluded that the apparel designer could use the 3D scan data for developing tremendous style garment design and pattern making.

• 섬유기술과 산업
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• 제6권3_4호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2002