• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.1288-1293
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• 2007

The present study covers the design and analysis of a thermionic scanning electron microscope (SEM) column. The SEM column contains an electron optical system in which electrons are emitted and moved to form a focused beam, and this generates secondary electrons from the specimen surfaces, eventually making an image. The electron optical system mainly consists of a thermionic electron gun as the beam source, the lens system, the electron control unit, and the vacuum unit. In the design process, the dimension and capacity of the SEM components need to be optimally determined with the aid of finite element analyses. Considering the geometry of the filament, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis is utilized. Through the analysis, the beam emission characteristics and relevant trajectories are predicted from which a systematic design of the electron optical system is enabled. The validity of the proposed 3D analysis is also discussed by comparing the directional beam spot radius. As a result, a prototype of a thermionic SEM is successfully developed with a relatively short time and low investment costs, which proves the adoptability of the proposed 3D analysis.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.176-179
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• 2010

The InAs thin films were grown on GaAs(100) substrate with $2^{\circ}C$ tilted toward [$0\bar{1}\bar{1}$] with different As beam equivalent pressure (BEP) by using molecular beam epitaxy. Growth temperature and thickness of the InAs thin films were $480^{\circ}C$ and 0.5 ${\mu}m$, respectively. We studied the relation between the As BEP and the properties of InAs thin films. The properties of InAs thin films were observed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), optical microscope, and Hall effect. The growth, monitored by RHEED, was produced through an initial 2D (2-dimensional) nucleation mode which was followed by a period of 3D (3-dimensional) island growth mode. Then, the 2D growth recovered after a few minutes and the streak RHEED pattern remained clear till the end of growth. The crystal quality of InAs thin films is dependent strongly on the As BEP. When the As BEP is $3.6{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr, the InAs thin film has a high electron mobility of 10,952 $cm^2/Vs$ at room temperature.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2021

Piecewise Integrated Composite(PIC) 보는 구간 조합 복합재 보로 구간 마다 적층 각도 및 순서를 다르게 적용하여 보의 강성과 강도를 향상시킬 수 있는 복합재료 보의 새로운 개념이다. 본 연구에서는 보의 거동을 고려하기 어려운 2차원 학습 데이터를 대신하여 3차원 학습 데이터가 적용된 머신 러닝 모델을 이용한 PIC 보가 제안되었다. 학습 데이터 및 훈련 데이터 셋(Training Data Set)은 지정된 참조 요소에서 3축 특성 값(Stress Triaxiality Factor)을 추출하여 세 가지 하중 유형(인장, 압축 그리고 전단)으로 분류되어 구성되었고, 이에 따른 하이퍼파라미터(Hyperparameter)가 제안되었다. 이를 통하여 예측된 PIC 보로 유한 요소 해석이 진행되었고 3차원 학습 데이터로 예측된 모델이 처짐 변형량이 감소된 것이 확인되었다. 이를 통해 3차원 학습 데이터를 이용하는 것이 경쟁력있는 것으로 판단되었고 처짐 변형량의 감소로 타당성이 검증되었다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2023

의료분야에 3D 프린팅 기술이 활용됨에 따라 금속 재료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 방사선종양학과에서는 전자선 치료 시 환자의 정상조직에 대한 불필요한 피폭을 차폐하기 위해 차폐블록을 사용하고 있다. 하지만, 납(Lead)과 카드뮴(Cadmium) 같은 중금속 물질의 취급, 숙련도에 따른 재현성과 배치의 불확실성 등에 대한 문제점이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 금속 3D 프린팅에 사용될 수 있는 재료별 물리적 특성 및 방사선량을 분석하여 전자선 치료 시 활용할 수 있는 맞춤형 차폐블록을 개발하고자 한다. 후보 재료는 알루미늄 합금(d = 2.68 g/cm³), 티타늄 합금(d = 4.42 g/cm³), 코발트 크롬 합금(d = 8.3 g/cm³)을 선별하였다. 10 × 10 cm² 조사면, 6, 9, 12, 16 Me V 에너지로 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 차폐율 95% 지점의 두께를 도출하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 금속 3D 프린팅 재료 중 코발트 크롬 합금(d = 8.35 g/cm³)이 에너지별 차폐두께에서 기존 차폐블록(d = 9.4 g/cm³)과 유사하였다. 향후 금속 3D 프린팅으로 제작한 맞춤형 차폐블록을 이용하여 임상에서의 유용성 검증 평가 및 다양한 방사선 치료계획 조건 등을 통한 실험 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2010

In this paper, a millimeter-wave multi-beam antenna is studied by rotating the antipodal linear tapered slot antenna(ALTSA) with respect to a center is successfully designed. In order to lowering the SLL and enhancing the isolation between the ALTSA elements, a row of metallic via is inserted between the ALTSAs. A 9 beams antenna is designed and experimented at Ka band. The measured and simulated results agree well with each other. The antenna can provide horizontal wide angle coverage up to ${\pm}62^{\circ}$. The gain of each beam can achieve about 12.5 dB. The mutual coupling between ports is all below 20 dB.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권8호통권197호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2007

3D nano-scale manufacturing is an important aspect of advanced manufacturing technology. A key element in ability to view, fabricate, and in some cases operate micro-devices is the availability of tightly focused particle beams, particularly of photons, electrons, and ions. The use of ions is the only way to fabricate directly micro-/ nano-scale structures. It has been utilized as a direct-write method for lithography, implantation, and milling of functional devices. The simulation of ion beam induced physical and chemical phenomena based on sound mathematical models associated with simulation methods is presented for 3D micro-/nanofabrication. The results obtained from experimental investigation and characteristics of ion beam induced direct fabrication will be discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.257-273
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• 2019

In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of functionally graded material beams is studied using the 3D Saint-Venant's theory, in which the section is free to warp in and out of its plane (Poisson's effects and out-of-plane warpings). The material properties of the FGM beam are distributed continuously through the thickness by several distributions, such as power-law distribution, exponential distribution, Mori-Tanaka schema and sigmoid distribution. The proposed method has been applied to study a simply supported FGM beam. The numerical results obtained are compared to other models in the literature, which show a high performance of the 3D exact theory used to describe the stress and strain fields in FGM beams.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1135-1144
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• 2016

Fractal antenna arrays are geometry-based thinned arrays having multiband applications. The major challenge of these arrays is their large number of elements at higher expansion factors. This article presents the thinning of fractal antenna arrays while maintaining an appropriate balance between the side lobe level and beam width by using various quantized fractal distribution functions. A 2D square fractal antenna array and 3DSierpinski gasket antenna array are considered in this article to validate the proposed distribution functions. Nearly one third of the antenna elements are thinned in each successive iteration except in the case of a one-count distribution function. The proposed technique can simplify practical implementation and exhibits better performance for various parameters such as the side lobe level, side lobe angle, and half power beam width than fully populated fractal antenna arrays.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.355-374
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• 2016

This paper presents and compares a one-dimensional (1D) bending theory for piezoelectric thin beam-type structures with resistive-inductive electrodes to ANSYS$^{(R)}$ three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. In particular, the lateral deflections and vibrations of slender piezoelectric beams are considered. The peculiarity of the piezoelectric beam model is the modeling of electrodes in such a manner that is does not fulfill the equipotential area condition. The case of ideal, perfectly conductive electrodes is a special case of our 1D model. Two-coupled partial differential equations are obtained for the lateral deflection and for the voltage distribution along the electrodes: the first one is an extended Bernoulli-Euler beam equation (second-order in time, forth order in space) and the second one the so-called Telegrapher's equation (second-order in time and space). Analytical results of our theory are validated by 3D electromechanically coupled FE simulations with ANSYS$^{(R)}$. A clamped-hinged beam is considered with various types of electrodes for the piezoelectric layers, which can be either resistive and/or inductive. A natural frequency analysis as well as quasi-static and dynamic simulations are performed. A good agreement between the extended beam theory and the FE results is found. Finally, the practical relevance of this type of electrodes is shown. It is found that the damping capability of properly tuned resistive or resistive-inductive electrodes exceeds the damping performance of beams, where the electrodes are simply linked to an optimized impedance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2015

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans appears to be a valuable method for assessing pulp canal configuration. The aim of this report is to describe endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with aberrant pulp canal morphology detected by CBCT and confirmed by 3D modeling. An accessory canal was suspected during endodontic treatment of the mandibular left second premolar in a 21 year old woman with a chief complaint of pulsating pain. Axial cross-sectional CBCT scans revealed that the pulp canal divided into mesiobuccal, lingual, and buccal canals in the middle third and ended as four separate foramina. 3D modeling confirmed the anomalous configuration of the fused root with a deep lingual groove. Endodontic treatment of the tooth was completed in two appointments. The root canals were obturated using lateral compaction of gutta-percha and root canal sealer. The tooth remained asymptomatic and did not develop periapical pathology until 12 months postoperatively. CBCT and 3D modeling enable preoperative evaluation of aberrant root canal systems and facilitate endodontic treatment.