• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.82-98
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• 2021

In recent years, as the number of ground subsidence has increased nationwide, the latest and usefulness of underground information for underground space development and underground safety management has become more important than ever. However, the 3D Underground Geospatial Map project, which started in 2015, has a problem with the manual-based long-term update system. This research paper overcomes these limitations and automatically updates the 3D CAD/GIS-based integrated management of underground structures that can be managed automatically from a full-cycle perspective of underground structure data management such as processing, transformation, updating, management, and visualization of 2D/3D underground structure data. If this technology is applied, it is possible to integrate processing and update management of the existing complex 3D construction logic of underground structures in one system, and it is expected that it can be used for underground space development and underground safety management as a foundation technology for automatic update of underground structures data.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2021

In order to respond and prevent underground safety accidents, the Korean government has been preparing a submitting completion drawing web system project for converting the current manual-based 3D Underground Geospatial Map construction and its update system to an automation-based 3D underground information construction. However, research on standard drawings required for the automatic update of 3D underground structures is insufficient, so detailed research is needed. In this research paper, a standard map-based 3D underground structure construction plan was presented for the six types of underground structures constituting the 3D Underground Geospatial Map, enabling rapid and accurate drawing data creation and systematically 3D underground structure drawing data could be managed. In addition, we developed a 3D construction drawing tool that can be used in underground information practice so that ordinary CAD program users can easily produce processing drawings. The results derived from this paper are expected to be major reference materials for the establishment of standard frameworks and practical application guidelines for the construction of 3D underground structures in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

As cities expand and underground utilities construction projects increase, there is an urgent need for a technology capable of analyzing the underground utilities network in 3D. Since 2015, 3D Underground Geospatial Map project, that has been integrating 15 types of underground information such as underground utilities, underground structures, and ground information, is in progress in S. Korea. However, the construction of 3D underground facilities is currently based on manual work and the logic for building a 3D model is very complicated. And it takes a lot of time and cost to process millions of large amounts of data per local governments. By presenting a framework on the processing and partial updating of the 3D underground utilities model, this paper aims to establish a plan to quickly build a 3D underground utility model at a minimum cost. The underground utilities processing and partial update automation technologies developed in this study are expected to be immediately applied to the 3D Underground Geospatial Map project.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.413-419
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• 2022

As the development of the underground space becomes active, safety accidents related to the underground are frequently occurring in recent years. In this regard, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is enforcing the 『Special Act on Underground Safety Management』 (enforced on January 1, 2018, hereafter referred to as the Underground Safety Act). Among the core contents of the Underground Safety Act, underground facilities(water supply, sewage, gas, power, communication, heating) buried underground, underground structures(subway, underpass, underpass, underground parking lot, underground shopping mall, common area), ground (Drilling, wells, geology) of 15 types of underground information can be checked at a glance on a three-dimensional basis by constructing an integrated underground spatial map and using it. The purpose of this study is to develop a program that can quickly inspect the three-dimensional model after creating a three-dimensional underground structure data among the underground spatial integration maps. To this end, we first investigated and reviewed the domestic and foreign status of technology that generates and automatically inspects 3D underground structure data. A quality inspection program was developed. Through this study, it is judged that it will be meaningful as a basic research for improving the quality of underground structures on the integrated map of underground space by automating more than 98% of the 3D model inspection process, which is currently being conducted manually.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2022

In this research, a series of dynamic numerical analysis were carried out for deep underground building structures under the various earthquake conditions. Dynamic numerical analysis model was developed based on the PLAXIS2D and calibrated with centrifuge test data from Kim et al. (2016). The hardening soil model with small strain stiffness (HSSMALL) was adopted for soil constitutive model, and interface elements was employed at the interface between plate and soil elements to simulate dynamic interaction effect. In addition, parametric study was performed for fixed condition and embedded depth. Finally, the dynamic behavior of underground building structure was thoroughly analyzed and evaluated.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2001

Generally, it has been noted that underground structures have a consistent record of suffering much less damage than surface facilities during earthquakes; but it is still necessary to illustrate the dynamic response of tunnel structures subject to earthquake loadings and to provide the appropriate method for the seismic analysis of underground tunnel structures since many types of underground structures have been and will be constructed in countries situated within seismic zones. In this study, first, seismic analyses for underground tunnel structures are performed by using quasistatic analysis method and dynamic analysis method. Second, seismic analyses in tunnel portals are performed by using above methods. The results of seismic analyses for the tunnel structure show that the tunnel structure conforms to ground deformation and that seismic design by using the quasi-static analysis method is more conservative than that by using the dynamic analysis. The results of the dynamic FEM analysis for the tunnel structure show that the simplified 2-D FEM analysis using a sine wave rather than the 3-D FEM analysis can be adopted for seismic analysis. Finally, the results of the dynamic FEM analysis in tunnel portals show that the force acting on the lining is largest near to the tunnel portal when an earthquake wave propagates parallel to tunnel axis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.231-236
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• 2002

The understanding of underground geologic structures is of great importance for the surface and subsurface constructions, prevention of natural hazards such as land-slides and subsidence, and many other areas. To get the information on the geologic conditions, many of investigations such as geologic survey, geophysical explorations, testings on the physical properties of rocks, drilling tests and logging, and groundwater surveys are usually conducted, and tremendous data are collected accordingly. In general, however, these huge amount of data are interpreted in the individual areas only. If these data are analyzed collectively, much more information on the geologic conditions can be obtained. In this study, 3D visualization of borehole logging data is attempted. Borehole logging data are obtained at the urban subsidence area. To compare the 3D logging data with other geologic and geophysical data such as resistivity tomography data, interface module was developed. The 3D visualization of logging data and the comparison with other data can be helpful for the understanding of underground geologic structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.455-465
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• 2020

As cities continue to expand and additional underground structures are constructed, a policy is being planned to expand addresses, which are national framework data. In this study, the application scope of a proposed 3D (three-dimensional) mixed-use complex space for assigning 3D addresses was defined, based on past research on 3D address systems and by analyzing related laws. Underpass shopping malls, underground walkways (excluding underground shopping malls), and 3D mixed-use transfer centers with a gross floor area of 2,000㎡ or more are connected with each space by underground walkways or public paths. In addition, the detailed space corresponding to the public space of the 3D mixed-use complex space was presented and distinguished from the space to which the detailed address is assigned. The criteria for setting the road section were presented based on the intermediate space, which is a characteristic of 3D mixed-use complex spaces. The proposed criteria were applied to the Express Bus Terminal station (3D mixed-use transfer center) and COEX mall (underpass shopping malls). Thus, the road section was set for an unfamiliar 3D mixed-use complex space. However, by applying the proposed criteria to various 3D mixed-use complex spaces, additional and detailed criteria for different cases should be prepared.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-139
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• 2016

Previous studies for soil movements induced by tunneling have primarily focused on the free soil displacements. However, the stiffness of existing structures is expected to alter tunneling-induced ground movements, the sheltering influences for underground structures should be included. Furthermore, minimal attention has been given to the settings for the shield machine's operation parameters during the process of tunnels crossing above and below existing tunnels. Based on the Shanghai railway project, the soil movements induced by an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield considering the sheltering effects of existing tunnels are presented by the simplified theoretical method, the three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) simulation method, and the in-situ monitoring method. The deformation prediction of existing tunnels during complex traversing process is also presented. In addition, the deformation controlling safety measurements are carried out simultaneously to obtain the settings for the shield propulsion parameters, including earth pressure for cutting open, synchronized grouting, propulsion speed, and cutter head torque. It appears that the sheltering effects of underground structures have a great influence on ground movements caused by tunneling. The error obtained by the previous simplified methods based on the free soil displacements cannot be dismissed when encountering many existing structures.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2003

This research work presents 3-D behavior of adjacent structures due to tunnelling induced ground movements by means of field measuring data and nonlinear FEM tunnel analysis. The results of the analytical methods from Mohr-Coulomb model are compared with the site measurement data obtained during the twin tunnel construction. It was found that the location and stiffness of the structure influence greatly the shape and pattern of settlement trough. The settlement trough for Greenfield condition was different from the trough for existing adjacent structures. Therefore the load and stiffness of adjacent structures should be taken into account for the stability analysis of the structures.