• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1996

This study has been undertaken to evaluate hydrophobic cyclodextrin(CD) derivatives as a sustained release carrier of azidothymidine(AZT), AZT, which has potent activity against AIDS and AIDS-related complex as thymidine analogue, has been reported that it has significant toxicity and short half life. Therefore, it is necessary to design sustained release oral dosage form to avoid undesirable side effects attributable to an excessive plasma concentration and to reduce the frequency of administration of AZT. Inclusion complexes of AZT with $acetyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin\;(AC{\beta}CD)$ and $triacetyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(TA{\beta}CD)$ were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Interactions of AZT with CD were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) and Infrared Spectrophotometry(IR). The decreasing order of water solubilities of AZT and AZT-CD inclusion complexes were as follows; $AZT\;(27.873{\pm}0.015,mg/ml)\;>\;AZT-AC{\beta}CD\;(3.377{\pm}0.003)\;>\;AZT-TA{\beta}CD\;(2.528{\pm}0.001)$. Partition coefficients of $AZT-AC{\beta}CD\;and;\AZT-TA{\beta}CD$ inclusion complexes were increased by 1.27-fold, 1.54-fold in pH 1.2 and 1.32-fold, 1.47-fold in pH 6.8 in comparison with that of AZT. The mean dissolution time (MDT, min) which represents the rapidity of dissolution rate of AZT, $AZT-AC{\beta}CD,\;AZT-TA{\beta}CD$ were 5.12, 14.02 and 19.38 min in pH 1.2 and 2.52, 15.19 and 18.19 min in pH 6.8. AZT was very rapidly and completely dissolved in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 within 5 minutes. But AZT-CD inclusion complexes showed the sustained release pattern in comparison with AZT alone. The simultaneous in situ nasal and jejunal recirculation study to compare the intrinsic absorptivity and the property of absorption sites revealed that the absorption of $AZT-TA{\beta}CD\;(N:35.35{\pm}1.08%,\;J:27.47{\pm}1.18%)$ was more than that of $AZT\;(N:16.89{\pm}2.25%,\;J:15.86{\pm}2.33%)$. The above results suggest that $TA{\beta}CD$ which is a hydrophobic cyclodextrin may serve as sustained release carrier with absorption enhancing effect.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

신품종 "코디원"은 오차드그라스 계통들 중 생육특성 및 내재해성이 우수한 5계통을 집단 교배하여 생산된 합성종자를 2001년부터 2002년까지 수원에서 생산력 검정시험이 수행되었고, 2003년부터 2005년까지 3년동안 지역적응성 시험으로 수원, 남원, 대관령 및 제주지역에서 생육특성 및 수량성이 조사되었다. 코디원의 월동전 및 봄의 초형은 중간형이며, 엽은 농녹색이고, 출수기에 지엽의 길이는 짧으며, 상부절간장의 길이도 짧고 풍엽성이 양호하였다. 출수기는 5월 10일로 표준품종 Ambassador가 5월 8일로 2일이 늦었으며, 출수기에 초장은 71cm로서 Ambassador와 비슷하였다. 내한성과 도복은 코디원이 Ambassador에 비하여 강하였으며, 엽부병 및 녹병은 코디원이 Ambassador와 같이 강한 편이었다. 코디원의 ha당 건물수량은 12,081 kg으로 Ambassador 보다 11% 많았고, 모든 지역에서 증수되었다. 코디원의 사료 품질특성은 Ambassador와 비슷하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1440-1444
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• 2005

To determine the effects of short-term dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) during nursing (from 3 to 28 days of age) on plasma BCAA levels and subsequent growths in cattle, 12 nursing male Holstein calves, randomly assigned to control and treatment groups (n = 6 in each group), orally received a daily supplement of essential BCAAs (2 g/kg body weight/day; 1:1:1 of valine, leucine and isoleucine) or not. The plasma BCAA levels increased linearly after the administration. During the treatment period, average daily gain (ADG) was lower in the treatment group (0.43${\pm}$0.07 kg/day) than the controls (0.71${\pm}$0.07 kg/day, p<0.05). However, at 2 months of age, ADG was significantly higher in the BCAA-treated group (1.16${\pm}$0.26 kg/day vs. 0.51${\pm}$0.06 kg/day, p<0.05). Furthermore, at age 8, 9 and 10 month, ADG in the treated group (1.35${\pm}$0.23, 1.46${\pm}$0.07 and 1.60${\pm}$0.16 kg/day, respectively) showed a linear increase and was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.88${\pm}$0.14, 0.70${\pm}$0.21 and 1.11${\pm}$0.11 kg/kg, respectively, p<0.05). Overall, ADG was 15.6% higher in the treatment group (1.26${\pm}$0.05 kg vs. 1.09${\pm}$0.04 kg; p<0.05). The final body weight at slaughter was 14.8% higher in the treatment group (759.5${\pm}$17.7 kg vs. 661.7${\pm}$21.2 kg, p<0.01). Thus, the supplementation of BCAAs during nursing improves ADG and carcass weight in cattle and is a useful husbandry technique for beef cattle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.673-681
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• 2009

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease. Particularly, diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication for diabetic patients, yet the precise mechanisms that underline the initial stage of diabetic renal inflammation remain unknown. However, oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia in diabetes is implicated in diabetic renal disease. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of antioxidants either VCE (0.5% VC + 0.5% VE) or Comb (0.5% VC + 0.5% VE + 2.5% N-acetylcysteine) improves acute diabetic renal inflammation through modulation of blood glucose levels and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Experimental animals (5.5 weeks old female ICR) used were treated with alloxan (180 mg/kg) once. When fasting blood glucose levels were higher than 250 mg/dL, mice were divided into 3 groups fed different levels of antioxidant supplementation, DM (diabetic mice fed AIN 93G purified rodent diet); VCE (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C and 0.5% vitamin E supplemented diet); Comb (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C, 0.5% vitamin E and 2.5% N-acetylcysteine supplemented diet), for 10 days and then sacrificed. Body weights were measured once a week and blood glucose levels were monitored twice a week. Lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances were measured in kidney. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation was indirectly demonstrated by pI${\kappa}B$-${\alpna}$ and expressions of selective inflammatory and oxidative stress markers including antioxidant enzymes were also determined. Dietary antioxidant supplementation improved levels of blood glucose as well as kidney lipid peroxi-dation. Dietary antioxidant supplementation improved NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and protein expression of HO-1, but not mRNA expression levels in diabetic mice fed Comb diet. In contrast, the mRNA and protein expression of CuZnSOD was decreased in diabetic mice fed Comb diet. However, antioxidant supplementation did not improve mRNA and protein expressions of IL-$1{\beta}$ and MnSOD in diabetic mice. These findings demonstrate that acute diabetic renal inflammation was associated with altered inflammatory and antioxidant responses and suggest that antioxidant cocktail supplementation may have beneficial effects on early stage of diabetic nephropathy through modulation of blood glucose levels and antioxidant enzyme expressions.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2008

본 연구는 세계적인 경쟁력을 보유하고 있는 철봉종목의 국가대표 K선수를 대상으로 기술분석을 통해 고난도 기술인 Tkatrhev skekhed 동작의 완성도를 높임으로서 경기력 향상에 도움을 주고자 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 Tkatchev stretched 동작의 1차 분석을 통해 기술훈련방법의 피드백을 8주간 제공 한 후 반복적인 분석을 통해 기술의 완성도를 평가하였다. K선수의 1차 Tkatchev stretched 동작은 비행높이가 낮고, 비행 중 신체가 굴곡되어 있으며, 봉잡기 시 신체중심의 위치가 바로 부터 너무 멀고 낮아 낙히의 염려가 있을 뿐만 아니라 후속기술을 위한 역동성을 기대하기가 어려운 단점이 노출되었다. 이 같은 단점을 극복하기 위하여 준비국면인 크게 휘돌기의 하강 시 견관절 각을 빠르게 신전시키고, 고관절의 각운동을 이용한 Tap 동작을 짧고 간결하게 하게 하였다. 또한 몸을 접어주는 Tap 타이밍을 조금 늦추며, 다리를 차내며 신체를 역회전시킬 때 견관절의 각운동을 크게 사용하면서 신체를 충분히 끌어 올리는 연습을 주 5회(오전/오후) 총 7시간의 연습 시간 중 20분씩 8주간(총 800분)을 반복적으로 실시하였다. 그 결과 비록 봉 이탈 순간 수직상승속도의 증가를 이루지는 못하였지만 비행높이가 증가되어 고관절을 신전시키고도 철봉에 다리가 걸리지 않으며 뛰어넘을 수 있게 되어 동작의 웅대함을 제공함으로서 감점요소를 0.2점 제거할 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

PLGA는 생분해성 고분자이며 생체적합성을 갖는 고분자로서 약물전달을 위한 연구에 많이 이용되고 있는 고분자이다. 그러나 PLGA를 약물전달에 이용할 때 약물의 급격한 초기방출 이후에 일정기간동안 약물이 방출되지 않는 지연시간이 존재하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 PLGA 웨이퍼에 단량체를 첨가하여 제조하였다. 또한 PLGA를 재결정하여 약물의 급격한 방출 현상을 억제하도록 하였다. SEM을 이용하여 재결정된 PLGA의 형태학적 차이를 관찰하였으며 생체외 약물 방출거동은 HPLC를 이용하여 측정하였다. PLGA의 분해과정에서 단량체의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 GPC를 이용하여 분자량 변화를 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 PLGA의 벌크분해에 기인한 지연시간을 없앨 수 있었으며 약물의 방출 기간을 3일까지 앞당길 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1983

미(美) New Mexico주(州)에 많이 분포(分布)하는 Sheppard사토(砂土), Doak사양토(砂壌土), Lea사질식양토(砂質埴壌土) 및 Glendale식토(埴土)를 대상(対象)으로 관개수질(潅漑水質)에 따른 토양(土壌)의 투수성(透水性) 변화(変化)를 구명(究明)하기 위(為)하여 T.D.N. $1,250{\sim}15,000mg/{\ell}$인 염류수(塩類水)와 증류수(蒸溜水)를 관수(潅水)하여 실내(室內)에서 수리전도도(水理伝導度)를 측정(測定)하였다. 염류수(塩類水)가 유일(唯一)한 관개수원(潅漑水源)일 때의 수리전도도(水理伝導度)는 염농도변화(塩濃度変化)에 의한(依) 영향(影響)을 별(別)로 받지 않았으나 토양특성별(土壌特性別)로는 Sheppard사토(砂土)가 Glendale 식토(埴土)보다 투수성(透水性)이 매우 높았다. 염류수(塩類水)로 기(旣) 관개(潅漑)된 토양(土壌)에 양질(良質)의 관개수(潅漑水) 즉(卽) 증류수(蒸溜水) 처리(処理)는 수리전도도(水理伝導度)를 현저(顯著)게 감소(減少)시켰는데 이것은 사질(砂質)~양질계(壌質系) 토양(土壌)의 경우(境遇) 점토(粘土)의 분산(分散) 또는 장(長) 단거리(短距離) 이동(移動)에 의(依)한 Conducting pore의 봉쇄(封鎖)이며 식질계(埴質系) 토양(土壌)은 점토(粘土)의 팽창(膨脹)이 주(主)된 원인(原因)이었던 것으로 판단(判断)된다. 따라서 주(主) 관개수원(潅漑水源)이 염류수(塩類水)이고 자연강우(自然降雨)가 수반(隨伴)되어도 사질계(砂質系) 토양(土壌)에서는 문제점(問題点)이 없겠으나 식질계(埴質系) 토양(土壌)은 투수성(透水性) 감소(減少)에 의(依)한 염해유발(塩害誘発)의 가능성(可能性)을 내포(內包)하고 있으므로 관개시(潅漑時) 고려(考慮)되어야 한다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2010

본 연구는 단감 '부유' 품종을 대상으로 과실 비대 및 착색에 대한 성숙기에 결과지의 잎 제거 정도의 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 잎 제거 정도에 따라 과실 주변의 조도는 자연광의 70.1klux에 대하여 무처리구에서는 7.9%, 20% 처리구에서는 13.6%, 50% 처리구에서는 16.4%, 그리고 100% 처리구에서는 30.0% 수준이었다. 과피색 a값은 무처리구 및 20% 처리구에서 수확직전까지 일정 수준으로 꾸준히 증가하였고, Chroma 값은 모든 처리구에서 증가하다가 처리 7주 이후 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 수확된 과실의 무게와 직경은 100% 처리구에서 유의하게 가볍고 짧았다. 과형지수는 무처리구와 다른 처리구들 간 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 과실 당도는 무처리구보다 다른 처리구들에서 낮은 경향으로 50% 처리구에서 유의하게 낮았다. 과피색 a값은 무처리구 및 20% 처리구에서 높았고, 과피색 b값과 Chroma 값은 20% 처리구에서 유의하게 낮았다. 과피 내 베타 카로틴 및 라이코펜 함량은 잎의 제거 비율이 높은 처리구일수록 낮은 경향이었고, 총 엽록소 함량은 이와 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 과실 성숙기에 과실 주변 잎을 제거하는 처리는 과실 착색 증진에 다소 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary integration with extruded linseed (EL) on fatty acid (FA) and aromatic profile of goat cheese after 60 (T₆₀) days of ripening. Methods: Thirty goats were divided in two groups. The control group (CG) was fed with conventional diet, whereas the experimental group (EL+) was fed with conventional diet supplemented with 10% of EL. Milk samples were collected on 30 and 60 days of trial to determinate chemical-nutritional composition and FA profile. At the end of experiment, six cheese-making sessions (3 for each group) were carried out using a pooled milk sample obtained from the 15 goats of each group. At 60 days of ripening, cheeses were analyzed for chemical-nutritional composition, FA and aromatic profile. Results: An increase in the milk production, protein, fat and lactose were evidenced in the EL+ goats. Conversely, a reduction of somatic cells was observed in the EL+ compared with the CG. However, no variation was observed for urea and casein levels content in milk samples, and no changes in protein and lipid content were found for cheeses in the two experimental groups. Dietary supplementation with EL modified the FA profile of milk. There was a decrease in saturated FAs and an increase in polyunsaturated FAs. Chemical composition of T₆₀ cheese did not differ between the two groups but a different FA profile was observed. In T₆₀ cheese obtained from EL+ milk, an increase in short-chain FA and a decrease in medium and long-chain FA were observed. The EL diet led to cheeses with butanoic acid 2 times higher compared to CG cheeses. Moreover, a greater presence of aldehyde compounds and alcohols were observed in the cheeses of experimental group. Conclusion: The present study pointed out that EL supplementation may improve the chemical and physical qualities of goat milk and cheeses.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2008

Recently, people are becoming fatter in most parts of the world. Obesity is regarded as an important risk factor to adversely affect the health of humans, associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, therefore, we tested the short time efficiency and safety of Bangpoongtongsungsan as a drug to decrease body weight in subjects with obesity. A total 48 volunteers (24 man, 24 woman) with body mass index (BMI : weight in kg divided by square of height in meters) of $23㎏/m^2$ participated in clinical study for 12 weeks, from 2008, March 01 to 2008, Jun 30. The subjects was received a dietary supplement of 12 pieces hard capsules per day (4 pieces in one, 3 times in a day) during the clinical study. At the end of clinical study, body weight of subjects was significantly decreased from $72.21{\pm}11.44\;kg$ to $70.53{\pm}11.67\;kg$ (p<0.05). Waist circumferences of subjects were reduced $91.58{\pm}6.43\;cm$ to $85.25{\pm}7.70\;cm$ (p<0.05). Also, a BMI of subjects was significantly decreased $26.07{\pm}2.35\;kg/m^2$ to $25.63{\pm}2.63\;kg/m^2$ (p<0.05). Particularly, a decrease in body weight, waist circumferences, and BMI was more significant in woman than man. But, other biochemical levels including lipid and glucose in plasma had no changes at the end of clinical study. In conclusion, administration of Bangpoongtongsungsan in subjects with high body weight fat could inhibit obesity associated with a decrease in body weight, waist circumferences, and BMI.