• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.257-263
• /
• 2018

Hyperthermia supplies RF high-frequency energy above 1MHz to the tumor tissue through the electrodes. And the temperature of the tumor tissue is increased to $42^{\circ}C$ or more to cause thermal necrosis. A mathematical model can be derived a human body model for absorption and transmission of electromagnetic energy in the human model and It is possible to evaluate the distribution of temperature fields in biological tissues. In this paper, we build the human model based on the adult standard model of the geometric shape of the 3D model and use the FVM code. It is assumed that Joule heat is supplied to the anatomical model to simulate the magnetic field induced by the external electrode and the temperature distribution was analyzed for 0-1,200 seconds. As a result of the simulation, it was confirmed that the transferred energy progressively penetrates from the edge of the electrode to the pulmonary tumors and from the skin surface to the subcutaneous layer.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.176-186
• /
• 2020

The size and shape of crops are diverse, and the growing environment is also different. Therefore, when one uses a drone to spray pesticides, the characteristics of each crop must be considered, and flight conditions such as the flight height and forwarding velocity of the drone should be changed. The droplet flow of pesticides is affected by various flight conditions, and a large change occurs in the sprayed area. As a result, an uneven distribution of liquid may be formed at the wake, and the transport efficiency will be decreased as well as there would be a risk of toxic scatter. Therefore, this paper analyzes the degree of distribution of pesticides to the crops through numerical analysis when pesticide is sprayed onto the selected three crops with different characteristics by using agricultural drones with different flight conditions. On the purpose of establishing a guideline for spraying pesticides using a drone in accordance with the characteristics of crops, this paper compares the amount of pesticides distributed in the crops at the wake of nozzle flow using the figure of merit, and the sum of transported liquid rate divided by the root mean square of the probability density function.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2022

In order to develop a bodice prototype suitable for obese women in their 20s, this study compared and analyzed a total of five pattern system methods, including prototype of France and Japan, one prototype for education in Korea and two prototype for industries in Korea. Through this, this study attempted to investigate the bodice pattern system suitable for the development of plus-size women's clothing. For the pattern drafting, pattern 1 was applied with the most body dimensions such as interscye fold front, interscye fold back, bust circumference, neck circumference, and waist back length, and pattern 2, pattern 4, and pattern 5 were made based on bust circumference and waist back length. As a result of the appearance evaluation, Pattern 3 was evaluated as the best pattern in all items except for the suitability of the center front length and the suitability of the side waist circumference position. However, it was evaluated as inappropriate in items such as the vertical side line, the suitability of the side waist circumference line position, the suitability of interscye fold back position and shape, and the suitability of the back shoulder dart position. Most of the pattern drafting methods are based on the size of the bust circumference, but other institutional methods are considered necessary when setting the neck circumference and shoulder length for 20s obesity women. In addition, it is also required to develop a method for setting the front center length due to abdominal protrusion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 2022

Close communication between clinicians and dental technicians is an important factor in providing successful prostheses. The exchange of opinions with laboratories has mainly been in the form of written prescriptions and a photos, but it has been reported that information transmission may be limited. Currently, as digital technology-based prosthesis fabrication is common, 3D image objects can be stored on the web and can be easily viewed through a mobile web browser. In this article, we introduce cases where the design of the prosthesis was improved by designing the prosthesis using CAD software and reviewing the prosthesis designed with the clinical side through a web viewer. Through this protocol, it was possible to improve the occlusal surface and crown contour, the opposing teeth condition, the size of the gingival embrasure, and the shape of pontic. The process of sharing, discussing, and modifying the prosthesis design with the clinician and technician through a web viewer contributes to reflecting the diversity of oral conditions and individualized needs, thereby helping to make functional and esthetic prostheses.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2022

Recently, various stakeholder are interested in microplastic to cause pollution of the marine's ecosystem and effort to conduct study of product's life cycle to reduce pollution of marine's ecosystem. The micorplastic refer to materials of the nano- to micro- sized units and it can be classified into primary and secondary. The primary microplastic mean the manufactured for use in the specific field such as the microbead of the cosmetic or cleanser. also, secondary mean the unintentionally generated during use of the product such as the textile crumb by the doing the laundry. Tire and Road Wear Particles(TRWPs) are also defined as secondary microplastic. Typically, TRWPs are created by friction between the tread compound's rubber of the tire and the surface of the road du ring the driving cars. Most of the generated TRWPs exist on the roadside and some of them were carried to marine by the rainwater. In this study, we perform the quantitative analysis of the TRWPs existed in fine dust at the roadside. So, we collected the dust from the roadside in Chungcheongnam-do's C site with a movement of 1,300 cars per the hour. The collected samples were separated according to size and density. And shape analysis was performed using the Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). We were possible to discover a lot of TRWPs at the fine dust of the 100 ± 20 ㎛. And we analysis it u sing the Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer(GC/MS) for the quantitative components from the tire. As a result, it was confirmed that TRWPs generated from the roadside fine dust were included the 0.21 %, and the tire and road components in the generated TRWPs consisted of the 3:7 ratio.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 1994

Purpose : The purposes are to discuss the reason to measure dose distributions of circular small fields for stereotactic radiosurgery based on medical linear accelerator, finding of beam axis, and considering points on dosimetry using home-made small water phantom, and to report dosimetric results of 10MV X-ray of Clinac-18, like as TMR, OAR and field size factor required for treatment planning. Method and material : Dose-response linearity and dose-rate dependence of a p-type silicon (Si) diode, of which size and sensitivity are proper for small field dosimetry, are determined by means of measurement. Two water tanks being same in shape and size, with internal dimension, 30${\times}$30${\times}$30cm$^3$ were home-made with acrylic plates and connected by a hose. One of them a used as a water phantom and the other as a device to control depth of the Si detector in the phantom. Two orthogonal dose profiles at a specified depth were used to determine beam axis. TMR's of 4 circular cones, 10, 20, 30 and 40mm at 100cm SAD were measured, and OAR's of them were measured at 4 depths, d$\sub$max/, 6, 10, 15cm at 100cm SCD. Field size factor (FSF) defined by the ratio of D$\sub$max/ of a given cone at SAD to MU were also measured. Result : The dose-response linearity of the Si detector was almost perfect. Its sensitivity decreased with increasing dose rate but stable for high dose rate like as 100MU/min and higher even though dose out of field could be a little bit overestimated because of low dose rate. Method determining beam axis by two orthogonal profiles was simple and gave 0.05mm accuracy. Adjustment of depth of the detector in a water phantom by insertion and remove of some acryl pates under an auxiliary water tank was also simple and accurate. TMR, OAR and FSF measured by Si detector were sufficiently accurate for application to treatment planning of linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery. OAR in field was nearly independent of depth. Conclusion : The Si detector was appropriate for dosimetry of small circular fields for linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery. The beam axis could be determined by two orthogonal dose profiles. The adjustment of depth of the detector in water was possible by addition or removal of some acryl plates under the auxiliary water tank and simple. TMR, OAR and FSF were accurate enough to apply to stereotactic radiosurgery planning. OAR data at one depth are sufficient for radiosurgery planning.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2018

The soldering property of Pb-containing solder(Sn-Pb) and Pb-free solders(Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu-1.6Bi-0.2In) for solar combiner box module was compared. The solar combiner box module was composed of voltage and current detecting modules, diode modules, and other modules. In this study, solder paste printability, printing shape inspection, solder joint property, X-ray inspection, and shear force measurements were conducted. For optimization of Pb-free soldering process, step 1 and 2 were divided. In the step 1 process, the printability of Pb-containing and Pb-free solder alloys were estimated by using printing inspector. Then, the relationship between void percentages and shear force has been estimated. Overall, the property of Pb-containing solder was better than two Pb-free solders. In the step 2 process, the property of reflow soldering for the Pb-free solders was evaluated with different reflow peak temperatures. As the peak temperature of the reflow process gradually increased, the void percentage decreased by 2 to 4%, but the shear force did not significantly depend on the reflow peak temperature by a deviation of about 0.5 kgf. Among different surface finishes on PCB, ENIG surface finish was better than OSP and Pb-free solder surface finishes in terms of shear force. In the thermal shock reliability test of the solar combiner box module with a Pb-free solder and OSP surface finish, the change rate of electrical property of the module was almost unchanged within a 0.3% range and the module had a relatively good electrical property after 500 thermal shock cycles.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1061-1071
• /
• 2018

A subsea tunnel, being a super-sized underground structure must ensure safety at the time of earthquake, as well as at ordinary times. At the time of earthquake, in particular, of a subsea tunnel, a variety of response behaviors are induced owing to relative rigidity to the surrounding ground, or difference of displacement, so that the behavior characteristics can be hardly anticipated. The investigation aims to understand the behavior characteristics switched by earthquake of an imaginary subsea tunnel which passes through a fault zone having different physical properties from those of the surrounding ground. In order to achieve the aim, dynamic response behaviors of a subsea tunnel which passes through a fault zone were observed by means of indoor experiments. For the sake of improved earthquake resistance, a shape of subsea tunnel to which flexible segments have been applied was considered. Afterward, it is believed that a D/B can be established through 3-dimensional earthquake resistance interpretation of various grounds, on the basis of verified results from the experiments and interpretations under various conditions. The present investigation performed 1 g shaking table test in order to verify the result of 3-dimensional earthquake resistance interpretation. A model considering the similitude (1:100) of a scale-down model test was manufactured, and tests for three (3) Cases were carried out. Incident seismic wave was introduced by artificial seismic wave having both long-period and short-period earthquake properties in the horizontal direction which is rectangular to the processing direction of the tunnel, so that a fault zone was modeled. For numerical analysis, elastic modulus of the fault zone was assumed 1/5 value of the modulus of individual grounds surround the tunnel, in order to simulate a fault zone. Resultantly, reduced acceleration was confirmed with increase of physical properties of the fault zone, and the result from the shaking table test showed the same tendency as the result from 3-dimensional interpretation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.168-177
• /
• 2015

For evaluating the treatment planning accurately, the quality assurance for treatment planning is recommended when patients were treated with IMRT which is complex and delicate. To realize this purpose, treatment plan quality assurance software can be used to verify the delivered dose accurately before and after of treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of treatment plan quality assurance software for each IMRT plan according to MLC DLG (dosimetric leaf gap). Novalis Tx with a built-in HD120 MLC was used in this study to acquire the MLC dynalog file be imported in MobiusFx. To establish IMRT plan, Eclipse RTP system was used and target and organ structures (multi-target, mock prostate, mock head/neck, C-shape case) were contoured in I'mRT phantom. To verify the difference of dose distribution according to DLG, MLC dynalog files were imported to MobiusFx software and changed the DLG (0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6 mm) values in MobiusFx. For evaluation dose, dose distribution was evaluated by using 3D gamma index for the gamma criteria 3% and distance to agreement 3 mm, and the point dose was acquired by using the CC13 ionization chamber in isocenter of I'mRT phantom. In the result for point dose, the mock head/neck and multi-target had difference about 4% and 3% in DLG 0.5 and 0.7 mm respectively, and the other DLGs had difference less than 3%. The gamma index passing-rate of mock head/neck were below 81% for PTV and cord, and multi-target were below 30% for center and superior target in DLGs 0.5, 0.7 mm, however, inferior target of multi-target case and parotid of mock head/neck case had 100.0% passing rate in all DLGs. The point dose of mock prostate showed difference below 3.0% in all DLGs, however, the passing rate of PTV were below 95% in 0.5, 0.7 mm DLGs, and the other DLGs were above 98%. The rectum and bladder had 100.0% passing rate in all DLGs. As the difference of point dose in C-shape were 3~9% except for 1.3 mm DLG, the passing rate of PTV in 1.0 1.3 mm were 96.7, 93.0% respectively. However, passing rate of the other DLGs were below 86% and core was 100.0% passing rate in all DLGs. In this study, we verified that the accuracy of treatment planning QA system can be affected by DLG values. For precise quality assurance for treatment technique using the MLC motion like IMRT and VMAT, we should use appropriate DLG value in linear accelerator and RTP system.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2008

The development of Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) was studied at temperatures ranging from 12.5 to $27.5^{\circ}C$ under $65{\pm}5%$ RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Mortality of $1st{\sim}2nd$ nymph was higher than that of $3rd{\sim}4th$ nymph at the most temperature ranges whereas at high temperature of $27.5^{\circ}C$, more $3{\sim}4th$ nymph stage individuals died. The total developmental time ranged from 16.9 days at $12.5^{\circ}C$ to 6.6days at $22.5^{\circ}C$, suggesting that higher the temperature, faster the development. However, at higher temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ the development took 7.4 days. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperatures for the total immature stage were $0.08^{\circ}C$ and 162.8 day-degreeslated development. The nonlinear shape of temperature rewas well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. When the normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental times for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function, attendance of shortened developmental times was apparent with in $1{\sim}2nd$ nymph, $3{\sim}4th$ nymph, and total nymph stages in descending order. The coefficient of determination $r^2$ ranged between 0.86 and 0.91.