• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.35-47
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• 2001

Traffic represents one of the largest sources of primary air pollutants in urban area. As a consequence. numerous abatement strategies are being pursued to decrease the ambient concentration of pollutants. A characteristic of most of the these strategies is a requirement for accurate data on both the quantity and spatial distribution of emissions to air in the form of an atmospheric emission inventory database. In the case of traffic pollution, such an inventory must be compiled using activity statistics and emission factors for vehicle types. The majority of inventories are compiled using passive data from either surveys or transportation models and by their very nature tend to be out-of-date by the time they are compiled. The study of current trends are towards integrating urban traffic control systems and assessments of the environmental effects of motor vehicles. In this study, a methodology of motor vehicle emission calculation by using real-time traffic data was studied. A methodology for estimating emissions of CO at a test area in Seoul. Traffic data, which are required on a street-by-street basis, is obtained from induction loops of traffic control system. It was calculated speed-related mass of CO emission from traffic tail pipe of data from traffic system, and parameters are considered, volume, composition, average velocity, link length. And, the result was compared with that of a method of emission calculation by VKT(Vehicle Kilometer Travelled) of vehicles of category.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Most of product designers use 3D CAD system as a inevitable design tool nowadays and many new products are developed through a concurrent engineering process. However, it is very difficult for novice designers to get the sense of reality from modeling objects shown in the computer screens. Such a intangibility problem comes from the lack of haptic interactions and contextual information about the real space because designers tend to do 3D modeling works only in a virtual space of 3D CAD system. To address this problem, this research investigate the possibility of a interactive quantified structure simulation for product design using AR(augmented reality) which can register a 3D CAD modeling object on the real space. We built a quantified structure simulation system based on AR and conducted a series of experiments to measure how accurately human perceive and adjust the size of virtual objects under varied experimental conditions in the AR environment. The experiment participants adjusted a virtual cube to a reference real cube within 1.3% relative error(5.3% relative StDev). The results gave the strong evidence that the participants can perceive the size of a virtual object very accurately. Furthermore, we found that it is easier to perceive the size of a virtual object in the condition of presenting plenty of real reference objects than few reference objects, and using LCD panel than HMD. We tried to apply the simulation system to identify preference characteristics for the appearance design of a home-service robot as a case study which explores the potential application of the system. There were significant variances in participants' preferred characteristics about robot appearance and that was supposed to come from the lack of typicality of robot image. Then, several characteristic groups were segmented by duster analysis. On the other hand, it was interesting finding that participants have significantly different preference characteristics between robot with arm and armless robot and there was a very strong correlation between the height of robot and arm length as a human body.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.1 s.30
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• pp.80-90
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• 2006

A simple 2D gaze tracking method using single camera and Purkinje image is proposed. This method employs single camera with infrared filter to capture one eye and two infrared light sources to make reflection points for estimating corresponding gaze point on the screen from user's eyes. Single camera, infrared light sources and user's head can be slightly moved. Thus, it renders simple and flexible system without using any inconvenient fixed equipments or assuming fixed head. The system also includes a simple and accurate personal calibration procedure. Before using the system, each user only has to stare at two target points for a few seconds so that the system can initiate user's individual factors of estimating algorithm. The proposed system has been developed to work in real-time providing over 10 frames per second with XGA $(1024{\times}768)$ resolution. The test results of nine objects of three subjects show that the system is achieving an average estimation error less than I degree.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.1C
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• pp.26-35
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• 2006

In this paper, an automatic mobile robot system for a intelligent path planning using the detection scheme of the spatial coordinates based on stereo camera is proposed. In the proposed system, face area of a moving person is detected from a left image among the stereo image pairs by using the YCbCr color model and its center coordinates are computed by using the centroid method and then using these data, the stereo camera embedded on the mobile robot can be controlled for tracking the moving target in real-time. Moreover, using the disparity map obtained from the left and right images captured by the tracking-controlled stereo camera system and the perspective transformation between a 3-D scene and an image plane, depth information can be detected. Finally, based-on the analysis of these calculated coordinates, a mobile robot system is derived as a intelligent path planning and a estimation. From some experiments on robot driving with 240 frames of the stereo images, it is analyzed that error ratio between the calculated and measured values of the distance between the mobile robot and the objects, and relative distance between the other objects is found to be very low value of $2.19\%$ and $1.52\%$ on average, respectably.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.399-404
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• 2017

If game images use colors improper for certain ages, the characteristics of games disappear, and the efficiency of image expression drops. thus a study in color is very important. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on this subject. In this study, we investigated the difference of color of game images according to users. User group is divided into all users and users over 18 years old. Among the rank of games,10 each from games for all ages and games for non-teen-rated are selected, and the game-playing images are taken as snapshots to have 100 each images each, A total of 2000 images were extracted and the mean values of RGB and HSB of each game were obtained and independent sample t test was performed. The results showed that the RGB color values between the two users were significantly significant. In the future, it is expected that it will be helpful in color selection when developing psychotherapy games and emotional games using color psychology. Furthermore, we will use color image scales to express colors as adjectives, analyze colors in a variety of ways, and investigate the difference in color of game images in each country.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for the design and management of the national park roadside slopes through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Chi-ri national park, for this, visual volumes of physical elements have been evaluated by using the mesh analysis, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaires. Result of this thesis can be summarized as fallows. Visual volumes of the naked, rock, ground cover of seed spray, and artificial planting are found to be the main factor determining the visual quality. Factors covering the spatial image of the national park roadside slopes landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, spatial, appeal, physical, openness and dignity factors such as the overall the spatial, physical and openness yield high factor scores. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of the roadside slopes, variables such as the summit, the constructions management, harmony of landscape, visual stability of roadside slopes, suitable artificial planting and suitable constructions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate(Ⅰ) the effect of a masculine-feminine image in women's suit on the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations, and (2) the effect of perceiver's sex, sex-role attitudes, and occupation on the perception formed by the function of clothing cues. The research design of the study consisted of 2(pink and navy blue colors) × 4(masculine and feminine forms) factorial design of a suit. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stiuli and 2 response scales. The stimuli consisted of 8 drawings of woman's clothing made by systematic manipulations of 2 independent variables(color and form) in drawings of suit. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the masculine or feminine clothing for certain occupations. Occupational characteristics were measured with a 7-point semantic differential scale composed of 21 bipolar adjectives. Perception of ccupational suitability was assessed with 12 items of 5-point Likert type questions. In addition, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was used to assess perceiver's sex-role attitudes. The subjects consisted of 393 men and 389 women, whose occupations were classified as professionals, secondary school teachers, and white-collar workers. They were randomly assigned to one of 8 suit. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, Mean and S.D. Three factors emerged to account for the perception of occupational characteristics. These factors were given the titles of (1) activity, (2) potency, and (3) evaluation factors. The activity factor was the largest, including 9 adjectives. Differences in the form of the suit had effects on potency and evaluation for both sexes, while it also had some effect on activity for women. The color of the suit had some effect on evaluation for both sexes. Strong effects of color and form on the suit were seen in perception of occupational suitability for the occupations of attorney(masculine) and secretary(feminine). On suitability for secondary school teaching occupation, the effects of color and form of suit differed by sex of the subjects. Perceiver's sex-role attitudes and occupation paritally influenced the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. In summary, a masculine-feminine image of clothing had a significant effect on the perception of occupational characteristics as well as on suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. Thus, the results of the study support the implicit personality theory on person perception and also the stereotypes of sex-roles on the perception of occupational suitability.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2009

Purpose : Patient motion during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is one of the major problems due to its long scan time. Entropy based post-processing motion correction techniques have been shown to correct motion artifact effectively. One of main limitations of these techniques however is its long processing time. In this study, we propose several methods to reduce this long processing time effectively. Materials and Methods : To reduce the long processing time, we used the separability property of two dimensional Fourier transform (2-D FT). Also, a computationally light metric (sum of all image pixel intensity) was used instead of the entropy criterion. Finally, partial Fourier reconstruction, in particular the projection onto convex set (POCS) method, was combined thereby reducing the size of the data which should be processed and corrected. Results : Time savings of each proposed method are presented with different data size of brain images. In vivo data were processed using the proposed method and showed similar image quality. The total processing time was reduced to 15% in two dimensional images and 30% in the three dimensional images. Conclusion : The proposed methods can be useful in reducing image motion artifacts when only post-processing motion correction algorithms are available. The proposed methods can also be combined with parallel imaging technique to further reduce the processing times.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.399-412
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• 2008

The 21st century has been changed into a knowledge-oriented society, which means our society is more dependent on information and moves toward information. The mixing of broadcasting and co mmunication prevails and it makes possible a new type of broadcasting service. Depending on that, a broadcasting is being changed into a consumer-oriented service to satisfy the demands of consum ers in a new media age. It makes us attain to the personal media age to be possible interactive com munication unlike existing one-way transmission. As a result, new complex media are commercialize d and the instance is DMB. DMB is said 'my own TV' or 'TV in my own hands'. But it has limit t o retransmit existing broadcast programs. So hereafter, DMB broadcasting must be produced with co ntents suited its properties out of retransmitting existing contents. It is necessary to analyze exactly properties and service fields of DMB media to make an establish production direction of contents for DMB. This paper intends to suggest overall optimized image-contents production direction including appropriate program developments, a proper running time, visual expressions such as a camera angle and walking etc... DMB contents suited with its properties will give more familiarities to DMB users. Besides, DMB is expected to be a new culture watching broadcasting.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to develop an image processing algorithm for finding the sick or the dead layers(SDL) rearing in the multi-tier layer battery, which is a core technology of remote monitoring systems for layers, and to test the performance of algorithm developed in the experimental poultry housing. Based on the literature study and experiment, the standing up of layer was set as a criterion for judging layers whether sick or dead. Then, by the criterion set, an algorithm was developed. The image processing algorithm developed was tested how well it could and SDL at the experimental poultry housing. Test results showed that its monitoring correctness of layers standing up in the cages having all healthy layers was $92\%$, and $96\%$ in the cages having SDL. Therefore, it would be concluded that the image processing algorithm developed in this study was well suited to the purpose of development.