• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2011

The pad pitch of modern radio frequency integrated circuits is in the order of few tens of micrometers. Connecting a large number of high-speed I/Os to the outside world with good signal fidelity at low cost is an extremely challenging task. To cope with this requirement, we need reflection-free transmission lines from an on-chip pad to on-board SMA connectors. Such a transmission line is very hard to design due to the difference in on-chip and on-board feature size and the requirement for extremely large bandwidth. In this paper, we propose the use of narrow tracks close to chip and wide tracks away from the chip. This narrow-to-wide transition in width results in impedance discontinuity. A step change in substrate thickness is utilized to cancel the effect of the width discontinuity, thus achieving a reflection-free microstrip. To verify the concept, several microstrips were designed on multilayer FR4 PCB without any additional manufacturing steps. The TDR measurements reveal that the impedance variation is less than 3 ${\Omega}$ for a 50 ${\Omega}$ microstrip and S11 better than -9 dB for the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz when the width changes from 165 ${\mu}m$ to 940 ${\mu}m$, and substrate thickness changes from 100 ${\mu}m$ to 500 ${\mu}m$.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2024

This paper presents a novel circular fractal ring monopole antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) hardware with dual band-notched properties. The proposed antenna consists of four crescent-shaped nested rings, a tapered feeding line at the front of the dielectric material, and a semicircular ground plane on the backside. In this design, the nested rings are used both as a radiation element and a band rejection element. The proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 9.03 GHz, which works efficiently in the range of 2.63 GHz-11.66 GHz with the dual notched bands of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) at 3.15 GHz-3.66 GHz and wireless local area network (WLAN) at 4.9 GHz-5.9 GHz, respectively. The antenna has a compact size of 20 mm × 30 mm × 1 mm (0.177 × 0.265 × 0.0084 λ0) and is implemented using a flame-retardant type 4 (FR4) material. It has a maximum gain of approximately 4 dB in its operating range, and experimental results support the simulation predictions with high accuracy. The findings of this study imply that the designed antenna can be utilized in UWB applications.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.623-629
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• 2015

In the present study, a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed printed monopole antenna with an inverted n-shaped slot is newly proposed for dual band operations which cover bandwidths of CDMA (1.85~2.025 GHz) and WLAN (2.4~2.484 GHz) as well as implementation of omnidirectional radiation pattern. For enhancement of impedance bandwidth ($S11{\leq}10dB$) in 2.4 GHz WLAN frequency band, an inverted n-shaped slot instead of the previous n-shaped slot is etched on the printed radiating monopole. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on one side of FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4, thickness of 1.6 mm, and size of $50{\times}25mm^2$. It has been observed that the measured impedance bandwidths are 280 MHz (1.84~2.12 GHz) in frequency band of CDMA and 420 MHz (2.38~2.8 GHz) in WLAN frequency band respectively. It is noticeable that impedance bandwidth in 2.4 GHz frequency band of WLAN is enlarged to three times due to use of inverted L-shaped slot in comparison with impedance bandwidth 140 MHz (2.39~2.53 GHz) obtained by use of the previous n-shaped slot. In addition, good omnidirectional radiation patterns have been observed over the entire frequency band of interest.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 2003

Objective：Present study compared the Rorschach responses characteristics between ADHD without depression and ADHD with depression. Method：60 children diagnosed ADHD(30 ADHD without depression and 30 ADHD with depression) were assessed with The Rorschach. Responses characteristics between two groups were compared by t test and ${\chi}^2$ test. Results：ADHD without depression had more Rorschach response ration and frequency, with statical significance, in m, M-, DV, (3r+(2)/R>.44 and Fr+rF=0, OR(3r+(2)/R>.33)=YES, pure H<2=YES, H+(H)+Hd+(Hd), FQ none, Sc than ADHD with depression. ADHD with depression had more Rorschach response ration and frequency, with statical significance, in p, H+(H)+Hd+(Hd), (Hd), M than ADHD without depression. Conclusion：This results suggest that we had better consider the impulsivity of idation and cognition for ADHD without depression, preferred introversive coping style for ADHD with depression in diagnosing and intervening.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.745-753
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• 2011

In this paper, the planar monopole antenna for multi-band service is proposed. The proposed antenna, which is a rectangular patch antenna with a U-shaped slit based on a monopole antenna for wide bandwidth characteristic, is designed and analyzed. The antenna size has been miniaturized by using the U-shaped slit. The frequency characteristics are modified and optimized by varying specific parameters. To obtain desired frequency bands, the U-shaped slit and patch lines have been applied. Whole antenna dimensions including the ground plane are $35{\times}50{\times}1\;mm^3$, and the antenna part size is $35{\times}27\;mm^2$. It is fabricated on the FR-4 substrate(${\epsilon}_r=4.4$) using a microstrip line of $50{\Omega}$ for impedance matching. For the measured results, the impedance bandwidth below a VSWR of 2 is 790~916 MHz, 1.74~2.14 GHz, and 2.36~3.13 GHz. The fabricated antenna is satisfied with the aimed impedance bandwidth in GSM/DCS/US-PCS/UMTS/Bluetooth/S-DMB applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1098-1106
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• 2007

This paper presents active antenna diplexers implemented into an ultra-wideband CPW(Coplanar Waveguide) fed monopole antennas. The proposed active antenna diplexer is designed to direct interconnect the output port of a wideband antenna to the input port of two active(HEMT) devices, where the impedance matching conditions of the proposed active integrated antenna are optimized by adjusting CPW(Coplanar Waveguide) feed line to be the length of 1/20 $\lambda_0$(@5.8 GHz) in planar type wideband antenna. The measured bandwidth of the active integrated antenna shows the range from 2.0 GHz to 3.1 GHz and from 5.25 GHz to 5.9 GHz. The measured peak gains are 17.0 dB at 2.4 GHz and 15.0 dB at 5.5 GHz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.631-638
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• 2009

In this paper, a wide-band monopole antenna for use in PCS/WDCMA/Wivro/S-DMB(1.750${\sim}$2.655 GHz) band is presented. The presented antenna is a trapezoidal monopole antenna which has back-side patch and improves the bandwidth. To confirm the wide-band characteristics and radiation pattern of presented antenna, the experimental antenna is fabricated and its radiation characteristics are measured, compared with calculated results. It is shown that the designed antenna has VSWR less than 1.5, gain over 2 dBi in 1.73${\sim}$3.48 GHz. The measured results show good agreement with calculated results. From the result, we confirm that the designed antenna can be used indoor antenna for PCS/WCDMA/WiBro/S-DMB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

The suitable turbulence model is found to be required in the course of establishing a proper analysis methodology for thermal stripping phenomena which are shown in strong temperature variation area such as reactors and propulsion devices. Three different turbulence models of $\kappa$-$\varepsilon$ model, modified $\kappa$-$\varepsilon$ model, and full Reynolds stress(FRS) model, are applied to analyze unsteady turbulent flows with temperature variation. Three test cases are selected for verification. These are vertical jet flows with water and sodium, and parallel jet flow with sodium. Analysis yields the conclusion that 3-D computation with FRS betters others. However, modified modeling is required to improve its heat transfer characteristic analysis. Further analysis is performed to find momentum variation effects on temperature distribution. It is found that the momentum increase results increase of fluid mixing and magnitude of temperature variation.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.31 no.3_4
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• pp.399-416
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• 2013

The semilocal convergence of a third order iterative method used for solving nonlinear operator equations in Banach spaces is established by using recurrence relations under the assumption that the second Fr´echet derivative of the involved operator satisfies the ${\omega}$-continuity condition given by $||F^{\prime\prime}(x)-F^{\prime\prime}(y)||{\leq}{\omega}(||x-y||)$, $x,y{\in}{\Omega}$, where, ${\omega}(x)$ is a nondecreasing continuous real function for x > 0, such that ${\omega}(0){\geq}0$. This condition is milder than the usual Lipschitz/H$\ddot{o}$lder continuity condition on $F^{\prime\prime}$. A family of recurrence relations based on two constants depending on the involved operator is derived. An existence-uniqueness theorem is established to show that the R-order convergence of the method is (2+$p$), where $p{\in}(0,1]$. A priori error bounds for the method are also derived. Two numerical examples are worked out to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach and comparisons are elucidated with a known result.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.609-616
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• 2002

The characteristics of mechanical behavior are investigated for Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Four kinds of the specimens are prepared under different heat treatments in order to produce different microstructures. In the present investigations, impact, tensile and fatigue crack growth tests are performed for each test specimen. The results obtained through the investigations are compared. Additionally fr actal dimensions of crack pass are obtained using the box counting method. The results are, 1) the microstructures shows as equiaxed, bimodal and Widmanstatten microstructures respectively, 2) the impact energy and elongation are superior fur the bimodal microstructure, and the hardness and tensile strength are superior fur the Widmanstatten microstructure, 3) the fatigue crack growth rate is similar to all microstructures in low ΔK region while that of equiaxed microstructure is the largest, and that of Widmanstatten microstructure is the lowest in high ΔK region respectively, 4) the fractal dimension D of Widmanstatten microstructure shows higher value than that of the equiaxed and bimodal microstructures under 200 magnification view of the SEM micrographs.