• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2009

Ongoing and extensive urbanisation, which is frequently accompanied with careless construction works, may threaten important archaeological structures that are still buried in the urban areas. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) methods are most promising alternatives for resolving buried archaeological structures in urban territories. In this work, three case studies are presented, each of which involves an integrated geophysical survey employing the surface three-dimensional (3D) ERT and GPR techniques, in order to archaeologically characterise the investigated areas. The test field sites are located at the historical centres of two of the most populated cities of the island of Crete, in Greece. The ERT and GPR data were collected along a dense network of parallel profiles. The subsurface resistivity structure was reconstructed by processing the apparent resistivity data with a 3D inversion algorithm. The GPR sections were processed with a systematic way, applying specific filters to the data in order to enhance their information content. Finally, horizontal depth slices representing the 3D variation of the physical properties were created. The GPR and ERT images significantly contributed in reconstructing the complex subsurface properties in these urban areas. Strong GPR reflections and highresistivity anomalies were correlated with possible archaeological structures. Subsequent excavations in specific places at both sites verified the geophysical results. The specific case studies demonstrated the applicability of ERT and GPR techniques during the design and construction stages of urban infrastructure works, indicating areas of archaeological significance and guiding archaeological excavations before construction work.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the stress distribution and displacement in mandible according to treatment modalities of mandibular angle fractures, using a three dimensional finite element analysis. A mechanical model of an edentulous mandible was generated from 3D scan. A 100-N axial load and four masticatory muscular supporting system were applied to this model. According to the number, location and materials of titanium and biodegradable polymer plates, the experimental groups were divided into five types. Type I had a single titanium plate in the superior border of mandibular angle, type II had two titanium plates in the superior tension border and in the inferior compression border of mandibular angle, type III had a single titanium plate in the ventral area of mandibular angle, type IV had a single biodegradable polymer plate in the superior border of mandibular angle, type V had a single biodegradable polymer plate in the ventral area of mandibular angle. The results obtained from this study were follows: 1. Stress was concentrated on the condylar neck of the fractured side except Type III. 2. The values of von-Mises stress of the screws were the highest in the just-posterior screw of the fracture line, and in the just-anterior screw of Type III. 3. The displacement of mandible in Type III was 0.04 mm, and in Type I, II, IV, and V were 0.10 mm. 4. The plates were the most stable in the ventral area of mandibular angle (Type III, V). In conclusion, the ventral area of mandibular angle is the most stable location in the fixation of mandibular angle fractures, and the just- posterior and/or the just-anterior screws of the fracture line must be longer than the other, and surgeons have to fix accurately these screws, and the biodegradable polymer plate also was suitable for the treatment of mandible angle fracture.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.731-738
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• 2003

The technique known as proteomics is useful for characterizing the protein expression pattern of a particular tissue or cell type as well as quantitatively identifying differences in the levels of individual proteins. In present study, we carried out the comparative expression patterns of white and red muscles. We used the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) for analyzing the protein expression. Proteins isolated from porcine white and red muscles were separated by 12% poly-acrylamide gel and then were detected by coomassie blue and silver staining. More than 600 protein spots were detected on each 2-DE gel. By visual analysis of the stained gel, five proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. By database searching based on the molecular weights and pI(isoelectric point) of the five proteins, three of them were found to be most close to troponin I, T and myoglobin. However, further researche is needed for identification and functional analysis of the unidentified proteins. In conclusion, we found five proteins, which are differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins will provide valuable information on biochemical characteristics of the muscle type.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2014

This study is to provide basic information regarding photoneutron doses in terms of radiation treatment techniques and the number of portals in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) by measuring the photoneutron doses. Subjects of experiment were 10 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and have received radiation treatment for 5 months from September 2013 to January 2014 in the department of radiation oncology in S hospital located in Seoul. Thus, radiation treatment plans were created for 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT), Volumetric-Modulated Arc Radiotherapy (VMAT), IMRT 5, 7, and 9 portals. The average difference of photoneutron dose was compared through descriptive statistics and variance analysis, and analyzed influence factors through correlation analysis and regression analysis. In summarized results, 3D-CRT showed the lowest average photoneutron dose, while IMRT caused the highest dose with statistically significance (p <.01). The photoneutron dose by number of portals of IMRT was $4.37{\pm}1.08mSv$ in average and statistically showed very significant difference among the number of portals (p <.01). Number of portals and photoneutron dose are shown that the correlation coefficient is 0.570, highly statistically significant positive correlation (p <.01). As a result of the linear regression analysis of number of portals and photoneutron dose, it showed that photoneutron dose significantly increased by 0.373 times in average as the number of portals increased by 1 stage. In conclusion, this study can be expected to be used as a quantitative basic data to select an appropriate IMRT plans regarding photoneutron dose in radiation treatment for prostate cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the visual landscape modelling on Josun royal tombs and surrounding. The visual landscape of traditional heritage is illustrated by the main view points of analysis. This analysis examines limited view points and cannot reflect a reality of environments. Nowadays various equipments and methodologies are developed for the visual landscape research. This study used new tools for analysis which are Sketch up (3D simulation) and mini helicopter (UAV). With those tools, this research examines not only view points of the analysis but also axis views and disincentive environments as a complex analysis. First of all, the research examined 3D modelling for the virtual simulation and drew coordinates and routes for the UAV operating. Secondly, UAV followed this routes and took linear and continuous views that are real scenes. As a result, it drew 3D simulation could illustrate and control the changing of environments such as the forest density and seasonal variations. Thus, comparing both of them shows efficiently landscape analysis. Thirdly, the study compared virtual and real landscape. Using this 3D modelling, this paper able to elaborate heritage environment and surrounding which omitted by view point analysis. Although this study has limitation practice and exercise on the field, the results and suggestions contribute to the various historic heritage managements and conservations. Moreover, it helps to explain the complex and dimensional landscape analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2006

Three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs) for the fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia solani (RS) and Phytophthora capsici (PC) by N-phenyl substituents(X) of N-phenylthionocarbamate derivatives were studied quantitatively using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) methodology based on different alignment approaches. Statistical quality of CoMFA models with field fit alignment were slightly higher than that of atom based fit alignment. The optimized CoMFA models (RS: RF2 & PC: PF2) were derived from field fit alignment and combination of CoMFA fields. And the statistical results of the two models showed the best predictability of the fungicidal activities based on the cross-validated value $q^2$ ($r^2_{cv.}$ =RS: 0.557 & PC: 0.676) and non-cross-validated value ($r^2_{ncv.}$ =RS: 0.954 & PC: 0.968), respectively. The selective fungicidal activities between two fungi were dependence upon the electrostatic field of substrate molecule. Therefore, the fungicidal activities from CoMFA contour maps showed that the fungicidal activity will be able to increased according to the modification of X-substituents on the substrate molecules.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.2C
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• pp.132-140
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• 2007

In this paper, we proposed a new technique to encode and decode the digital hologram. Since the digital hologram (or fringe pattern) is generated by interference of light, it has much different property from natural 2D (2 dimensional) images. First, we acquisite optical-sensed or computer-generated hologram by digital type, and then extract a chrominance component. The extracted digital hologram for coding is separated into segments to use multi-view properties. The segmented hologram shows the similar characteristics with picturing an object with 2D cameras in various point of view. Since fringe pattern is visually observed like as noise, we expect that the fringe pattern has poor coding efficiency. To obtain high efficiency, the segment is transformed with DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) which resembles hologram generation process with high performance. Each transformed segment passes the 3D scanning process according to time and spatial correlation, and is organized into a video stream. Since the segment which correspond to frame of a video stream consists of the transformed coefficients with wide range of value, it is classified and re-normalized. Finally it is compressed with coding tools. The proposed algorithm illustrated that it has better properties for reconstruction of 16 times higher compression rate than the previous researches.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.16
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• 2023

Background: In vitro culture of preantral follicles is a promising technology for fertility preservation. Objectives: This study aims to investigate an optimized three-dimensional (3D) fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free preantral follicle culture system having a simple and easy operation. Methods: The isolated follicles from mouse ovaries were randomly divided in an ultra-low attachment 96-well plates supplement with FBS or bovine serum albumin (BSA) culture or encapsulated with an alginate supplement with FBS or BSA culture. Meanwhile, estradiol (E₂) concentration was assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of culture supernatants. The diameter of follicular growth was measured, and the lumen of the follicle was photographed. Spindle microtubules of oocytes were detected via immunofluorescence. The ability of oocytes to fertilize was assessed using in vitro fertilization. Results: The diameters were larger for the growing secondary follicles cultured in ultra-low attachment 96-well plates than in the alginate gel on days 6, 8, and 10 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the E2 concentration in the BSA-supplemented medium was significantly higher in the alginate gel than in the other three groups on days 6 and 8 (p < 0.05), and the oocytes in the FBS-free system could complete meiosis and fertilization in vitro. Conclusions: The present study furnishes insights into the mature oocytes obtained from the 3D culture of the preantral follicle by using ultra-low attachment 96-well plate with an FBS-free system in vitro and supports the clinical practices to achieve competent, mature oocytes for in vitro fertilization.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2014

A three-dimensional (3D) $Co_3O_4$/mildly oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (moCNTs)/reduced mildly oxidized graphene oxide (rmGO) ternary composite was prepared via a simple and green hydrolysishydrothermal approach by mixing $Co(Ac)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ with moCNTs and mGO suspension in mixed ethanol/$H_2O$. As characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles with size of 20-100 nm and moCNTs are effectively anchored in mGO. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were adopted to investigate the electrochemical properties of $Co_3O_4$/moCNTs/rmGO ternary composite in 6 M KOH solution. In a potential window of 0-0.6 V vs. Hg/HgO, the composite delivers an initial specific capacitance of 492 $Fg^{-1}$ at 0.5 $Ag^{-1}$ and the capacitance remains 592 $Fg^{-1}$ after 2000 cycles, while the pure $Co_3O_4$ shows obviously capacitance fading, indicating that rmGO and moCNTs greatly enhance the electrochemical performance of $Co_3O_4$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2020

A 13-month-old, 3.3 kg castrated male Shih-tzu presented with right hindlimb lameness. The physical examination revealed atrophy of the right thigh muscles, hyperextension of the stifle joint and external torsion of the tibia. On the radiographic examination, patella alta and genu recurvatum were observed. A biapical deformity of the tibia and external torsion of the distal tibia were detected by computed tomography (CT). A three-dimensional (3D) printed bone model was designed and constructed for the preoperative plan prior to surgery. Rectus femoris muscle transposition, femoral shortening ostectomy and open wedge osteotomy of the distal tibia were performed using hybrid external skele/t0al fixation (hybrid-ESF). A dynamic stifle flexion apparatus was used to prevent recurrence of a quadriceps contracture (QC). Intense physiotherapy was administered postoperatively. The dog began to use the affected limb one week after surgery. Functional improvement in the affected limb was observed, and full weight-bearing was possible at 3 months after surgery. Union of the osteotomy lines was observed at 3 months, and the stifle joint was fully movable at 7 months after surgery. Regarding the treatments for QC, these methods may be excellent candidates, as they do not lead to severe damage to the limb or amputation.