• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2022

To date, the development of anticancer drugs has been conducted using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems. However, since cancer cells in the body are generated and developed in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, the use of 2D anticancer drug screening can make it difficult to accurately evaluate the anticancer effects of drug candidates. Therefore, as a step towards developing a cancer cell-friendly 3D microenvironment based on a combination of vinylsulfone-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-VS) with dicysteine-containing crosslinker peptides with an intervening matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-specific cleavage site, the types of MMPs secreted from human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, a representative cancer cell, were analyzed transcriptionally and translationally. MMP3 was confirmed to be the most highly expressed protease secreted by HepG2 cells. This knowledge will be important in the design of a crosslinker necessary for the construction of PEG-based hydrogels customized for the 3D culture of HepG2 cells.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.22-27
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• 2014

Three-dimensional image reconstruction allows us to represent real objects in the virtual space and observe the objects at arbitrary view points. This technique can be used in various application areas such as education, culture, and art. In this paper, we propose an implementation method of the high-quality three-dimensional object using multiple Kinect cameras released from Microsoft. First, We acquire color and depth images from triple Kinect cameras; Kinect cameras are placed in front of the object as a convergence form. Because original depth image includes some areas where have no depth values, we employ joint bilateral filter to refine these areas. In addition to the depth image problem, there is an color mismatch problem in color images of multiview system. In order to solve it, we exploit an color correction method using three-dimensional geometry. Through the experimental results, we found that three-dimensional object which is used the proposed method is more naturally represented than the original three-dimensional object in terms of the color and shape.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

Purpose: To analyze the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) diffusion-weighted (DW) PSIF (reversed FISP [fast imaging with steady-state free precession]) sequence in order to evaluate peripheral nerves in the elbow. Materials and Methods: Ten normal, asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled (6 men, 4 women, mean age 27.9 years). The following sequences of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the elbow were obtained using a 3.0-T machine: 3D DW PSIF, 3D T2 SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution) with SPAIR (spectral adiabatic inversion recovery) and 2D T2 TSE (turbo spin echo) with modified Dixon (m-Dixon) sequence. Two observers used a 5-point grading system to analyze the image quality of the ulnar, median, and radial nerves. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of each nerve were measured. We compared 3D DW PSIF images with other sequences using the Wilcoxon-signed rank test and Friedman test. Inter-observer agreement was measured using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. Results: The mean 5-point scores of radial, median, and ulnar nerves in 3D DW PSIF (3.9/4.2/4.5, respectively) were higher than those in 3D T2 SPACE SPAIR (1.9/2.8/2.8) and 2D T2 TSE m-Dixon (1.7/2.8/2.9) sequences (P < 0.05). The mean SNR in 3D DW PSIF was lower than 3D T2 SPACE SPAIR, but there was no difference between 3D DW PSIF and 2D T2 TSE m-Dixon in all of the three nerves. The mean CNR in 3D DW PSIF was lower than 3D T2 SPACE SPAIR and 2D T2 TSE m-Dixon in the median and ulnar nerves, but no difference among the three sequences in the radial nerve. Conclusion: The three-dimensional DW PSIF sequence may be feasible to evaluate the peripheral nerves around the elbow in MR imaging. However, further optimization of the image quality (SNR, CNR) is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.119-125
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• 2009

Fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) metallic mold for multi-production of a microstructure was studied to settle the problem of long processing time in 3D microfabrication. To date, complicated 3D microstructures including 3D photonic crystals, 3D microlens array, 3D filter for microfludics, and something else were created successfully using the two-photon polymerization (TPP) which was considered as paving the way to fabricate a real 3D shape in nano/microscale. However, for those fabrications, much processing time and efforts were inevitably required. To solve this issue, a simple and effective way was proposed in this paper; 3D master patterns were prepared using TPP, and then counter-shaped Ni molds were fabricated by electroforming process. By using these molds, 3D microstructures can be reproduced with short-processing time and low-effort comparing to the conventional approach, TPP We report some parameters to fabricate a metallic mold precisely.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.521-525
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• 2015

Graphene-based electrode materials have been widely explored for supercapacitor applications due to their unique two-dimensional structure and properties. In particular, Three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials are of great importance for preparing electrode materials because they can provide large surface area, efficient and rapid electron and ion transfer, and mechanical stability. Recently, a number of 3D hybrid architecture of graphene/metal oxides have been developed to increase simultaneously energy and power densities of supercapacitors. This review presents the recent progress of 3D nanocomposites based on graphene and metal oxides. Preparation methods and structures of these 3D nanocomposites and their great potential in supercapacitor applications have been summarized.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.4B
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• pp.378-385
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• 2011

The three-dimensional triangulation algorithm that the beacon nodes can be allocated to dynamically in not the experimental region but the practical region is suggested, and the performance of the localization system adapting the suggested algorithm is analyzed. The suggested algorithm adapts the computation method of the three dimensional point that the surfaces of three spheres overlapped, while the traditional triangulation algorithm adapts the computation method of the two dimensional point that three circles are overlapped in order to compute the distance between beacon nodes and mobile node that means a radius. In addition to this, to analyze the performance of the localization system adapting the suggested algorithm, first of all, the allocation layout of beacon nodes is made, and the allocation layout is modeled by selection of ten random distance values between mobile node and beacon nodes for computer simulation of the practical model. Next, the two dimensional coordinator of mobile node that is calculated by the suggested algorithm and the traditional triangulation algorithm is compared with each other. The localization measuring performance about three dimensional coordinator(z axis) of the suggested algorithm is also obtained by comparing with that of the practical model.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.28-43
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• 2013

Recent trends toward the collaborations among various sectors of academia and research areas have brought interests and significances in new activities especially in the fashion and textile areas. One of the collaboration examples is the recent research projects on 3D virtual clothing systems based on the 3D CAD software. The 3D virtual clothing systems provide simulated apparels with high degrees of fidelity in terms of color, texture, and structural details. However, since real fabrics exhibit strong nonlinearity, anisotropy, viscoelasticity, and hysteresis, the 3D virtual clothing systems need fine tuning parameters for the simulation process. In this study, characteristics of silk fabrics, which are woven by using degummed silk and raw silk yarns, are being analyzed and compared. Anisotropic properties may be measured as warp and filling direction properties separately in woven fabrics, such as warp tensile stress or filling bending rigidity. Hysteretic properties may be measured as bending hysteresis or shear hysteresis by using KES measurements. These data provide deformation-force relationships of the fabric specimen. Three-dimensional effects obtained when using these characteristic fabrics are also analyzed. The methods to control the three-dimensional appearance of the sewn fabric specimens when utilizing a programmable microprocessor-based motor device, as prepared in this study, are presented. Based on the physical and mechanical properties measured when using the KES equipment, the property parameters are being into a 3-dimensional virtual digital clothing system, in order to generate a virtual clothing product based on the measured silk fabric properties.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2018

This paper has the aim of estimating the applicability of a numerical approach to the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) for the analysis of segmental tunnel linings. For this purpose, a simplified three-dimensional (3D) numerical model, using the $FLAC^{3D}$ finite difference software, has been developed, which allows analysing in a rigorous way the effect of the lining segmentation on the overall behaviour of the lining. Comparisons between the results obtained with the HRM and those determined by means of the simplified 3D numerical model show that the proposed HRM method can be used to investigate the behaviour of a segmental tunnel lining.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2010

Objective : The aneurysm remnants rate was evaluated via three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) in the postoperative evaluation of clipped aneurysms. Methods : Data on surgically clipped aneurysms of anterior circulation obtained via postoperative 3D-DSA from February 2007 to March 2009 were gathered. The results of the postoperative 3D-DSA and of two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (2D-DSA) for the detection of aneurysm remnants were compared, and an investigation was performed as to why 2D-DSA had missed some aneurysm remnants that were detected in the 3D-DSA. Various surgical factors that revealed aneurysm remnants in the 3D-DSA were also evaluated. Results : A total of 39 neck remnants of 202 clipped aneurysms (19.3%) were confirmed in 3D-DSA, and these were classified according to Sindou's classification of aneurysm remnants. Patients with only a neck remnant found in the 3D-DSA represented 17.3% (35/202 aneurysms) of the whole series, and those with a residuum of neck plus sac found in the 3D-DSA represented 1.9% (4/202 aneurysms). The causes of aneurysm remnants were no full visualization (14/39, 35.9%), parent and perforator artery protection (10/39, 25.6%), clip design problems (8/39, 20.5%), and broadnecked aneurysm (7/39, 17.9%). Conclusion : Patients with ${\leq}2$mm aneurysm remnants showed an increased risk of undetectable aneurysm remnants in the 2D-DSA. The most frequent location of the missed aneurysm in 2D-DSA was the anterior communicating artery. 3D-DSA showed more aneurysm remnants than what is indicated in the existing literature, the 2D-DSA.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.343-359
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• 2020

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for three-dimensional (3D) shape recognition using local features of model views and its sparse representation. The algorithm starts with the normalization of 3D models and the extraction of 2D views from uniformly distributed viewpoints. Consequently, the 2D views are stacked over each other to from view cubes. The algorithm employs the descriptors of 3D local features in the view cubes after applying Gabor filters in various directions as the initial features for 3D shape recognition. In the training stage, we store some 3D local features to build the prototype dictionary of local features. To extract an intermediate feature vector, we measure the similarity between the local descriptors of a shape model and the local features of the prototype dictionary. We represent the intermediate feature vectors of 3D models in the sparse domain to obtain the final descriptors of the models. Finally, support vector machine classifiers are used to recognize the 3D models. Experimental results using the Princeton Shape Benchmark database showed the average recognition rate of 89.7% using 20 views. We compared the proposed approach with state-of-the-art approaches and the results showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.