• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.866-875
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• 2018

With the popularity of VR content, actual image based VR 360-degree video production using various shooting devices has attracted attention in recent years. Requiring a lot of work, the existing VR content production was possible only at the level of the research institute, but the recent miniaturization of cameras has made the VR actual image shooting more common to the content creators. In this paper, we compare and study various VR contents distribute in today's context and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of robust actual image-based 360 video production in terms of cost. We are to point out the disadvantages that make it difficult for existing video shooting experts to use and suggest a solution for this. The experiment shooting proved that it can be operated more manually than action cam or integrated camera and 360-degree shooting on a raw format support camera is more suitable for film type post-production.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2019

360 video is attracting attention as immersive media with the spread of VR applications, and MPEG-I (Immersive) Visual group is actively working on standardization to support immersive media experiences with up to six degree of freedom (6DoF). In virtual space of omnidirectional 6DoF, which is defined as a case of degree of freedom providing 6DoF in a restricted area, looking at the scene at any viewpoint of any position in the space requires rendering the view by synthesizing additional viewpoints called virtual omnidirectional viewpoints. This paper presents the performance results on view synthesis and their analysis, which have been done as exploration experiments (EEs) of omnidirectional 6DoF in MPEG-I. In other words, experiment results on view synthesis in various aspects of synthesis conditions such as the distances between input views and virtual view to be synthesized and the number of input views to be selected from the given set of 360 videos providing omnidirectional 6DoF are presented.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1631-1639
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• 2018

VR 360 video contents requires new visual language research in that the viewer inevitably makes partial appreciation unlike traditional video contents. In this study, we paid attention to the fact that arrangement of events and background elements in the 360-degree extended background of VR 360 video contents will play a major role in guiding the audience. Therefore, this study focuses on the arrangement of events and background elements from a narrative point of view, and analyzed the aspects of VR 360 video contents cases.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.518-527
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• 2020

360 VR technology is used not only in movies, but also in performing arts such as music, theater, dance, and so on due to the characteristics of immersion and presence. The technology allows the audience can be perceived a feel of participation in a story. This study is conducted an analysis of the techniques of 360 video shooting in order to find the answers of the following questionaries: how to make viewers enhance to a better understanding of a space, how to make the viewer feel comfortable ceding control of the experience, how to generate greater empathy with a 360 video. Thirty cases were analysed 360-degree videos of live performances performed on stage among 360-degree images of music performance content shared on Youtube from 2015 to 2020. The result shows that live performances are performed with the audience, so the stage shape and the layout of the audience seats are preferred to the characteristics of the performance. It was also shown that directing using a 360 VR camera was also greatly affected by the stage and audience placement. The stage is manly classified into three types, and the camera layout and characteristics mainly used are organized according to the number of 360 VR cameras, whether fixed or mobile cameras are used.

• International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.228-234
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• 2018

Objective: The authors have experimented for the artificial plaque removal effect of several kinds of 360 degree rotating head typed tooth-brushes with sonic vibratory actioned by using of automatic machine for horizontal scrub method in order to find the better toothbrush type for plaque removal. Methods: The experiment was conducted on three medium to 360 degree rotating head toothbrushes, a medium sized toothbrush and a medium sized toothbrush, and a flat toothbrush consisting of 30 ordinary toothbrushes. A brushing machine with horizontal scrubbing was manufactured and had variations of the end of the bristle attached to or near the surface of the teeth, a vibrating wave action force of 16,000 or 18,000 cycles per minute, and a working time of 2 or 3 minutes. The tooth removal effect was confirmed by scanning and analyzing images with a computer program after automatic brushing with the machine. The elimination rate results for each group were analyzed using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Results: It revealed the most in removal effect for the artificial plaque in such conditions as action at near the tooth surface with 18,000 cycle for 3 minutes in case of using A, B, and C tooth-brush. And it has more removal effect rate than for using the plane tooth-brush (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was recommended to develop the 360 degree rotating head and vibratory toothbrush focusing to use near the tooth surface with 18,000 cycles of vibration for 3 minutes at one site of the teeth area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.112-115
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• 2021

최근 가상현실 및 증강 현실에 대한 관심도가 높아지면서, 깊이 추정, 객체 인식, 영상 분할 등의 다양한 컴퓨터 비전 알고리즘을 360° 영상에 적용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이 중, 다수의 RGB 카메라를 활용하여 3 차원 정보를 추출하는 깊이 추정 기술은 보다 나은 몰입감을 제공하기 위한 핵심 기술이다. 그러나 깊이 추정 알고리즘의 객관적 성능 평가를 위한 정제된 360° 영상 데이터셋은 극히 부족하며, 이로 인하여 관련 분야 연구에 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 객관적인 알고리즘 성능 평가가 가능하며, 정제된 360° 동영상 데이터셋을 제안하고, 추후 다양한 360° 영상 응용 알고리즘 개발에 활용하고자 한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.543-548
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• 2017

$360^{\circ}$panoramic image can give people an unprecedented visual experience, and there are many different ways to make a $360^{\circ}$panoramic image. In this paper, we will introduce two easy and effective methods from those many ways. The first one is through 48 photos to make a $360^{\circ}$panoramic image, the second way is through 6 photos to make a $360^{\circ}$panoramic image. We will compare those methods and tell the audience which one suits themselves. Through those easy design methods introduced above, we can see VR works design became easy and popular, normal people can also make $360^{\circ}$panoramic image, and it promotes the industry of VR image contents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.96-97
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 360 도 비디오 서비스를 제공하기 위한 타일기반 실시간 부호화 방법을 제시한다. 360 도 비디오 프레임을 공간적으로 분할하여 타일을 생성하고, GOP 길이만큼의 타일 개수로 구성된 타일 세트들을 순차적으로 부호화함으로써 단일 부호화기로 실시간 타일 부호화가 가능하도록 설계하였다. 상기 타일 세트는 독립적으로 부호화되므로 단말은 사용자의 시청영역에 해당하는 타일 세트만 수신 및 복호화함으로써 네트워크 대역폭을 줄일 수 있다. 또 작은 크기의 타일을 순차적으로 고속 부호화하는 방법이므로 타일의 병렬 처리를 효과적으로 수행하기 위한 로드밸런싱을 고려하지 않아도 된다. NVIDA 그래픽카드인 Geforce GTX 1080Ti를 이용하여 32 개의 타일로 분할된 4K 360 도 비디오 시퀀스를 HEVC 로 부호화할 경우 약 120 fps 의 속도로 처리가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.92-95
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• 2018

가상 현실을 위한 360 영상 비디오 전송기술이 활발히 연구되고 있다. 그러나 현재 가상현실 기기의 컴퓨팅 연산능력과 대역폭은 고화질 360 영상을 재생하기에 한계가 있다. 이 한계를 극복하기 위해 본 논문은 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)와 Scalability Extension of HEVC (SHVC)를 활용하여 타일 기반의 360 도 영상 전송 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 HEVC 와 SHVC 인코더는 타일을 독립적으로 전송 할 수 있는 비트 스트림을 생성한다. 제안하는 추출기는 사용자 시점에 해당하는 타일의 비트 스트림을 추출한다. 제안하는 기법에 의해 추출된 SHVC 비트스트림의 기본계층은 전체화면을 나타내며, 강화계층은 사용자 시점에 해당하는 타일로 구성된다. 제안하는 HEVC 인코더를 사용할 때에는 저화질과 고화질을 따로 인코딩하여 고화질만 사용자 시점에 해당하는 타일을 추출한다. 전체화면을 고화질로 보내는 대신에 전체화면을 저화질로, 사용자화면을 고화질로 보내기 때문에 제안하는 기법은 디코더의 컴퓨팅 연산과 네트워크 bitrate 를 대폭 줄일 수 있다. 본 제안 기법의 실험 결과는 전체화면 전송 대비 47%이상의 bitrate 를 줄인다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.481-483
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• 2022

This study was based on 360-degree VR images, the next-generation media representative. Among the elderly living in nursing homes with low cognitive ability, we would like to study ways to effectively search maps using 2D images when searching maps directly through user scenarios.