• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고주기 피로를 받은 SUS316L 강에서의 초음파 비선형 특성평가를 위한 종파 경사입사기법을 연구하였다. Dog-bone형의 판상시편을 준비하여 시편 중심부에서 응력집중이 되며 각 위치마다 피로 손상이 다르도록 제작하였다. 수직투과법 외에 본 연구에서 새로이 제안한 경사입사법을 이용하여 초음파 비선형 파라미터를 측정하였다. 두 기법 모두에서 피로 손상 전보다 고주기 피로 손상 후 초음파 비선형 파라미터가 높게 나타났다. 특히, 응력 집중을 받은 시편 중심부에서 크게 증가하였다. 상대적인 초음파 비선형 파라미터는 피로 손상과 밀접한 상관성을 보였으며 결과적으로 종파를 이용한 경사입사기법은 피로 손상을 평가하는데 효과적인 기법이라 할 수 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1992

Effects of strain hardening exponents on the retardation behavior of fatigue crack propagation are experimentally investigated. The retardation of fatigue crack propagation seems to be induced by the crack closure at crack tip. The phenomenon of crack closure becomes remarkable with the increment of strain hardening exponent and magnitude of percent peak load. The ratio of crack growth increment(a$\_$d//w$\_$d/) is influenced by a single overloading (a$\_$d/) and estimated plastic zone size (W$\_$d/=2r$\_$y/) is increased according with the increasing of strain ha.dening exponents. The number of retarded crack growth cycles were (N$\_$d/) decreased as the baseline stress intensity factor .ange( K$\_$b/) was increased. Within the limitation of these experimental results obtained under the single overload, an empirical relation between crack retardation ratio (Nd/N＊), strain hardening exponent (n) and percent peak load (％PL) has been proposed as; Nd/N＊＝ exp [PL $.$ PL$.$A(n)＋B(n) ] where, A(n)＝${\alpha}$n＋${\beta}$, B(n)＝${\gamma}$n＋$\delta$, PL＝％PL/100 and ${\alpha}$＝0.78, ${\beta}$＝0.54, ${\gamma}$＝0.58 and $\delta$＝-0.01, It is interesting to note that all these constants are identical for materials such as aluminum(A3203), steel(S4SC), steel(SS41) and stainless steel(SUS316) used in this experimental study.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.543-547
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• 2011

원자력발전소의 이종용접부에서 일차응력부식균열이 발생하고 있으며 용접부의 잔류응력이 균열발생 및 성장에 기여할 수 있다. 용접부의 잔류응력은 기본적으로 용접에 의해 형성되지만 기계가공에 의해 표면잔류 응력상태가 변화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기계가공이 원전재료인 SA508과 오스테나이트 스테인리스강에 표면잔류응력에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 SA508, TP304, F316L 재료를 연마, 연삭, 방전가공으로 가공한 후 표면에 형성되는 잔류응력을 측정하였다. 측정방법은 구멍뚫기법과 엑스선회절법을 사용하였다. 기계가공방법에 따라 각 재료에 미치는 잔류응력의 크기 및 방향, 잔류응력이 형성되는 깊이 등의 특성을 확인하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.716-721
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• 2009

The major drive for the application of low-temperature plasma treatment in nitrocarburizing of austenitic stainless steels lies in improved surface hardness without degraded corrosion resistance. The low-temperature plasma nitrocarburizing was performed in a gas mixture of $N_{2}$, $H_{2}$, and carbon-containing gas such as $CH_{4}$ at $450^{\circ}C$. The influence of the processing time (5~30 h) and $N_{2}$ gas composition (15~35%) on the surface properties of the nitrocarburized layer was investigated. The resultant nitrocarburized layer was a dual-layer structure, which was comprised of a N-enriched layer (${\gamma}_N$) with a high nitrogen content on top of a C-enriched layer (${\gamma}_C$) with a high carbon content, leading to a significant increase in surface hardness. The surface hardness reached up to about $1050HV_{0.01}$, which is about 4 times higher than that of the untreated sample ($250HV_{0.01}$). The thickness of the hardened layer increased with increasing treatment time and $N_{2}$ gas level in the atmosphere and reached up to about $25{\mu}m$. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the treated samples without containing $Cr_{2}N$ precipitates was enhanced than that of the untreated samples due to a high concentration of N on the surface. However, longer treatment time (25% $N_{2}$, 30 h) and higher $N_{2}$ gas composition (35% $N_{2}$, 20 h) resulted in the formation of $Cr_{2}N$ precipitates in the N-enriched layer, which caused the degradation of corrosion resistance.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

In this study, porous stainless steel (STS316L) sintered body was fabricated by powder metallurgy method and its properties such as porosity, compressive yield strength, hardness, and permeability were evaluated. 67.5Fe-17Cr- 13Ni-2.5Mo (wt%) powder was produced by a water atomization. The atomized powder was classified into size with under $45{\mu}m$ and over $180{\mu}m$, and then they were compacted with various pressures and sintered at $1210^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in a vacuum atmosphere. The porosities of sintered bodies could be obtained in range of 20~53% by controlling the compaction pressure. Compressive yield strength and hardness were achieved up to 268 MPa and 94 Shore D, respectively. Air permeability was obtained up to $79l/min{\cdot}cm^2$. As a result, mechanical properties and air permeability of the optimized porous body having a porosity of 25~40% were very superior to that of Al alloy.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 2011

최근, 화석연료의 고갈과 환경오염의 문제로 인해 차세대 신재생 에너지에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 그 중 수소연료는 친환경, 저장의 용이, 손쉬운 제조 등과 같은 장점에 반해 가연범위가 넓고, 폭발의 위험성이 단점으로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 간편한 SP 시험법을 이용하여 고압수소가스 분위기 하에서 in-situ 수소취화거동을 평가할 수 있는 시험기법을 확립하고자 한다. 그 적용성을 평가하기 위해서 수소저장용기 재료로 사용되는 스테인리스강(SUS316L)을 사용하여 대기압, 고압 헬륨 및 수소가스 분위기에서 시험하였다. 실험결과, 고압 수소가스 분위기에서는 수소 침투로 인해, 대기압 및 헬륨가스 분위기하에서와 달리, 시험편 표면에 미세균열 발생과 하중-변위 선도상 소성불안정 변형 영역에서 연신율 감소를 가져왔고, 파면관찰 결과 수소취화 균열이 관찰되어 SP시험법의 유효성을 나타내었다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2021

Investigations of process parameters are essential when fabricating high-quality parts using additive manufacturing. This study investigates the change in the mechanical characteristics of a SUS316L specimen fabricated using selective laser melting based on the energy density and bead overlap ratio. The SUS316L powder particles were spherical and 35 ㎛ in size. Single-bead and hexahedral shape deposition experiments were performed sequentially. A single bead experiment was performed to obtain the bead overlap ratios for different laser parameters utilizing laser power and scan speed as experimental parameters. A hexahedral shape deposition experiment was also performed to observe the difference in mechanical properties, such as the internal porosity, surface roughness, and hardness, based on the energy density and bead overlap ratio of the three-dimensional printed part. Laser power, scan speed, overlap ratio, and layer thickness were chosen as parameters for the hexahedral shape deposition experiment. Accordingly, the energy density applied for three-dimensional printing, and the experimental parameters were calculated, and the energy density and bead overlap ratio for fabricating parts with good properties have been suggested.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.802-808
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• 2011

극저온 온도 구조 재료의 중요한 기계적 성질 중 하나는 파괴 인성이다. 파괴 인성 시험 방법의 규격화에 대한 연구는 극저온 구조 요소의 개발과 함께 매우 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 특히 용접부의 경우 극저온 환경 하에서 사용할 때 불안정파괴를 유발할 수 있기 때문에 용접부의 각 미세조직에 따른 기계적 성질 평가가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 STS-316L 모재와 용접재를 대상으로 액체질소(77K), 액체헬륨(4K), 293K 온도에서 제하컴플라이언스법과 예민화 열처리한 소형화된 시험편 대상으로 파괴인성평가 실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2008

This paper presents the characteristics of mechanical properties within the heat affected zones(HAZs) of dissimilar metal weld joint between SA508 Gr.1a and F3l6 stainless steel(SS) with Alloy 82/182 filler metal. Tensile tests were performed using small-size specimens taken from the heat affected regions close to both fusion lines of weld, and the micro-structures were examined using optical microscope(OM) and transmission microscope(TEM). The results showed that significant gradients of the yield stress(YS), ultimate tensile stress(UTS), and elongations were observed within the HAZ of SA508 Gr.1a. This was attributed to the different microstructures within the HAZ developed during the welding process. In the HAZ of F316 SS, however, the welding effect dominated the YS and elongation rather than UTS. TEM micrographs demonstrated these characteristics of the HAZ of F316 SS was associated with a dislocation-induced strain hardening.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2024

Metal 3D printing is utilized in various industrial fields due to its advantages, such as fewer restrictions on production shape and reduced production time and cost. Existing research on 3D printing metal materials focused on changes in material properties depending on manufacturing conditions and was mainly conducted in a room temperature environment. In order to apply metal 3D printing products to cryogenic applications, research on the properties of materials in cryogenic environments is necessary but still insufficient. In this study, we evaluate the properties of stainless steel (STS) 316L and CuCr1Zr manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) in a cryogenic environment. CuCr1Zr is a precipitation hardening alloy, and changes in material properties were compared by applying various heat treatment conditions. The mechanical properties of materials manufactured using the LBPF method are evaluated through tensile tests at room temperature and cryogenic temperature (77 K), and the thermal properties are evaluated by deriving the thermal conductivity of CuCr1Zr according to various heat treatment conditions. In a cryogenic environment, the mechanical strength of STS 316L and CuCr1Zr increased by about 150% compared to room temperature, and the thermal conductivity of CuCr1Zr after heat treatment increased by about 6 to 10 times compared to before heat treatment at 40 K.