• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.580-588
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• 1992

비행물체에 대한 레이다의 추적 및 탐색거리를 축소시키는 전자방어책의 일환으로 물리적, 기계적 특성이 우수한 전자파 흡수층을 제작하기 위해서 플라즈마 용사방삭을 이용하였다. 이 코팅층은 종래의 M/W흡수층 제작에 사용하던 도전재료인 탄소대신에 탄화규소를, 자성손실재료로는 Ni-Zn ferrite를, 그리고 보지재를 사용하는 대신에 이들 재료분말을 기계적으로 혼합하여 플라즈마 용사코팅으로 모재 표면에 직접 흡수층이 형성되도록 했다. X-band(8~13 GHz)레이다용 탄화규소-페리이트 전자파 흡수체를 실험적으로 설계하고 시험제작하여 전기적 특성을 평가한 결과, -6dB(M/W 에너지 흡수율 75%)의 반사량을 허용한도로 했을경우 약 7.6~8.4%의 대역폭이 얻어졌으며, 최대 흡수두께가 0.5~0.55mm로 매우 양호한 박층형 전자파 흡수체가 얻어졌다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2014

Hyperthermia is a form of cancer treatment in which affected human tissue is exposed to $>40^{\circ}C$ temperature. In this paper, our goal is to assess the efficacy of fullerene agents to reduce heating time for cancer treatment. Such agents can accelerate heating of cancer cells and improve hyperthermia treatment efficacy. Typically, in vitro testing involves cancer cell culturing, heating cell cultures in accordance to specifications, and recording cancer cell viability after hyperthermia. To heat cell cultures, we design and evaluate a 2.4-GHz microwave cavity with controllable temperature. The cavity is comprised of a polystyrene cell culture dish (diameter = 54 mm, height = 13.5 mm) and a printed monopole antenna placed within the cavity for microwave heating. The culture temperature can be controlled through the intensity and duration of the antenna's microwave radiation. Heating experiments were carried out to validate the cavity's performance for F-12K culture medium (Kaighn's F-12K medium, ATCC). Importantly, fullerene agents were shown to reduce heating time and improve hyperthermia treatment efficacy. The culture medium temperature increased, on average, from $24.0^{\circ}C$ to $50.9^{\circ}C$ (without fullerene) and from $24.0^{\circ}C$ to $56.8^{\circ}C$ (with 3 mg/mL fullerene) within 15 minutes.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.607-610
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 고속 주파수 도약과 높은 주파수 분해도 신호를 발생하는 디지털 주파수 합성기를 구현한다. 고속 주파수 도약과 미세한 도플러 주파수 보정을 위한 높은 주파수 분해도를 갖는 DDS 기술과 직접주파수 변환을 위한 광대역 PLL 기술을 적용하여 DVB-RCS 전송을 위한 전송 중간 주파수 신호를 직접 발생하는 주파수 합성기를 구현한다. $2.5\sim3.0GHz$ 대역의 500 MHz 사용 주파수 대역내에서 -50 dBc 이하의 스퓨리어스 신호 억압을 제공하고, 0.233 Hz의 세밀한 주파수 분해도와 125 ns 이하의 고속 주파수 도약 특성을 갖는 DFS구조를 갖는다. 또한 제작된 DFS는 광대역 사용주파수 영역에서 3 dB 이내의 이득 평탄도를 나타내었으며, 위상잡음은 1 KHz ???낵쩔【??? -75 dBc/Hz의 양호한 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 고속 주파수 도약과 높은 주파수 분해도 그리고 광역 주파수 신호를 발생하는 디지털 주파수 합성기를 설계하고 구현한다. 고속 주파수 도약과 미세한 도플러 주파수 보정을 위한 높은 주파수 분해도를 갖는 DDS 기술과 직접 주파수 변환을 위한 광대역 PLL 기술을 적용하여 DVB-RCS 전송을 위한 전송 중간 주파수 신호를 직접 발생하는 주파수 합성기를 구현한다. $2.5{\sim}3.0$ GHz 대역의 500 MHz 사용 주파수 대역내에서 -50 dBc 이하의 스퓨리어스 신호 억압을 제공하고, 0.233 Hz의 세밀한 주파수 분해도와 125 ns 이하의 고속 주파수 도약 특성을 갖는 DFS구조를 갖는다. 또한 제작된 DFS는 광대역 사용주파수 영역에서 3 dB 이내의 이득 평탄도를 나타내었으며, 위상잡음은 1 KHz ?낵쩔【? -75 dBc/Hz의 양호한 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1169-1175
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• 1993

레이다의 추적 및 탐색으로 부터 비행 물체를 보호하기 위한 목적으로, 알루미늄 합금표면에 페라이트-탄화규소 복합물인 마이크로파 흡수층을 플라즈마 용사방식으로 제작하였다. 본 논문에서는 페라이트-탄화규소층(I) 제조시 사용했던 탄화규소 입자의 평균크기인 34[rm]대신에15[rm]가 사용되었으며, 플라즈마 용사변수들 중에서 분말의 공급비율은 70[Kg/h]대신에 50[Kg/h] 그리고, 용사거리는 80[mm[ 대신에 100[mm]가 사용 되었다. X-band(8~12.4(GHz)레이다용 페라이트-탄화규소 전자파 흡수체를 실험적으로 설계하고 시험제작하여 전기적 특성을 평가한 결과, -lOdB의 반사량을 허용한도로 했을 때 약 2.8%의 대역폭이 얻어졌으며, 최대 흡수두께는 0.5(mm)로 매우 양호한 박층형 전자파 흡수체가 얻어졌다.

• 한국연안방재학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2017

Ocean Research Stations (ORSs) is the ocean platform type observation towers and measured oceanic, atmospheric and environmental data. These station located on the offshore area far from the coast, so they can produce the data without land effect. This study focused to improve the wave data quality of ORS station. The wave observations at ORSs are used by the C-band (5.8 GHz, 5.17 cm) MIROS Wave and Current Radar (MWR). MWR is convenient to maintenance and produce reliability wave data under bad weather conditions. MWR measured significant wave height, peak wave period, peak wave direction and 2D wave spectrum, so it's can provide wave information for researchers and engineers. In order to improve the reliability of MWR wave data, Datawell Waverider Buoy was installed near the one ORS (Socheoncho station) during 7 months and validate the wave data of MWR. This study found that the wave radar tend to be overestimate the low wave height under wind condition. Firstly, this study carried out the wave Quality Control (QC) using wind data, however the quality of wave data was limited. So, this study applied the four filters (Correlation Check, Direction Filter, Reduce White Noise and Phillips Check) of MWR operating software and find that the filters effectively improve the wave data quality. After applying 3 effective filters in combination, the RMSE of significant wave height decreased from 0.81m to 0.23m, by 0.58m and Correlation increased from 0.66 to 0.96, by 0.32, so the reliability of MWR significant wave height was significantly improved.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2017

This work reports on the effect of plasma area on the frequency characteristics of the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of a square metallic plate. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator consisting of 10 rings is proposed. The actuator is fabricated in three different configurations such that only three inner rings, seven inner rings, and all rings can be biased. By applying an 18-kV bias at 1 kHz, the three types of DBD actuators generate plasma with a total area of 16.96, 36.74, and $53.69cm^2$, respectively, in a ring or circular form. The experimental results reveal that when the DBD actuator is placed in front of a $20mm{\times}20cm$ conducting plate, the monostatic RCS is reduced by as much as 18.5 dB in the range of 9.41-11.65 GHz. Furthermore, by generating the plasma and changing the area, the frequency of maximum reduction in the monostatic RCS of the plate can be controlled. The frequency is reduced by nearly 20% in the X band when all rings are biased. Finally, an electromagnetic model of the plasma is obtained by comparing the experimental and full-wave simulated results.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.802-809
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• 2014

This paper presents a dual-mode bias modulator (BM) for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifiers (PAs). The BM includes a hybrid buck converter and a normal buck converter for an envelope tracking (ET) mode for high output power and for an average power tracking (APT) mode for low output power, respectively. The dual-mode BM and CMOS PA are designed using a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process for the 1.75 GHz band. For the 16-QAM LTE signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7.3 dB and a bandwidth of 5 MHz, the PA with the ET mode exhibited a poweradded efficiency (PAE) of 39.2%, an EVM of 4.8%, a gain of 19.0 dB, and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio of -30 dBc at an average output power of 22 dBm, while the stand-alone PA has a PAE of 8% lower at the same condition. The PA with APT mode has a PAE of 21.3%, which is an improvement of 13.4% from that of the stand-alone PA at an output power of 13 dBm.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.858-867
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• 2018

Analytical modeling equations are proposed for the conventional and modified three-section branch-line couplers. The analytical equations are explicit and capable of determining the characteristic impedance of each branch line for the coupler at desired coupling level as well as the suitability of broadband S-parameters analysis. In addition, a bandwidth extension and miniaturization of three-section branch-line coupler using slow-wave and meandering line structures were designed. The modified coupler, which is able to operate within frequencies from 1.5 to 3.32 GHz has been fabricated, tested and compared. A bandwidth extension of 600 MHz and 53% reduced size of the modified coupler have been achieved compared to a conventional coupler. The modified coupler has roughly insertion loss and coupling of -4 dB and -3.2 dB, while the isolation and return loss, respectively less than -14 dB with fractional bandwidth of 77 %, as well as phase imbalances less than $2^{\circ}$ over the operating bandwidth. Overall, the derived analytical model, simulation and measurement results demonstrated a good agreement.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

Therapeutic ultrasound is commonly applied for deep heating in physical therapy setting. However, it is difficult to determine the exact application dosage and to confirm the immediate heating effect. Microwave Radio-Thermometer (MRT) can measure the temperature by the electromagnetic energy in the microwave region of the object that emits above absolute zero temperature. MRT was used for early diagnosis of breast cancer since it was not harmful, non-invasive, and non-ionizing to the human body. The purposes of this study were to investigate how accurately 1.1 GHz RTM (RES Ltd. Russia) measures the change of average temperature in the tissue, and to determine the depth of temperature change measurement. Therapeutic ultrasound was applied (continuous wave for 5 minutes, 1 MHz, intensity of 1.5 $W/cm^2$ [in vitro] and 1.0 $W/cm^2$ [in vivo]) in four different conditions: (1) 30 cases of in vitro specimen of pork, (2) 30 cases of in vitro specimen of pork ankle joint, (3) 10 cases of in vivo canine thigh, and (4) 30 cases of in vivo human body. Intraclass Correlation Coeffients (ICC[3,1]) between average needle probe thermometer below surface and MRT temperature was revealed as followed: (1) Before ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .8 in specimen of pork (15 mm underneath the skin) and above .82 in specimen of pork ankle joint (10~30 mm underneath the skin). (2) After ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .7 in both specimens of pork and pork ankle joint. (3) Before ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .8 in canine thigh (20 mm underneath the skin). (4) After ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .82 in canine thigh. The temperature of the human body increased significantly with the mean of $15^{\circ}C$ in muscle tissue and with the mean of $3.5^{\circ}C$ in joint (p<.00). It was revealed that the average depth of temperature measurement of the tissue by MRT was in between 10 and 35 mm, and determined that the proper temperature measurement band was $36.5{\sim}37.0^{\circ}C$.