• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.239.2-239.2
• /
• 2012

We report preliminary results of MOGABA project for monitoring total flux density, linearly polarized flux, and polarization angle at 22, 43 and 86GHz of Gamma-ray bright AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) with KVN (Korean VLBI Network) 21-m radio telescopes. The project has been conducted in one year since May 2011 with an effective monitoring cycle of 1 week, observing four main objects (3C 454.3, BL Lac, 3C 273, and 3C 279). More objects were included in the source list when they had flared in Gamma-ray. Especially, we included a compact radio source at the Galactic center, SgrA* since Jan. 2012. In this paper, we report the current status of the project and preliminary results for the monitoring observations.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제97권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 우리나라의 주요 조림수종인 소나무를 시설양묘에 의해 2-0 용기묘로 생산할 때 반드시 거쳐야 하는 월동 과정에 있어서 적절한 관리방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 실험은 2005~2006년에 수행되었으며 경기도 여주 소재 건국대학교 시설양묘연구동 비닐온실에서 수행되었다. 사용된 용기는 국내에서 생산된 KK-SI 250 용기이며 상토는 피트모스, 질석, 펄라이트가 용적비 1:1:1로 혼합하여 사용하였다. 겨울철 비닐온실 내의 일일 최저 최고 온도에 의한 일교차는 매우 큰 것으로 조사되었으며 용기가 저장되는 위치에 따른 온도 차이도 관측되었다. 용기받침대 높이의 일일 최고온도는 1월에 $32.8^{\circ}C$, 2월은 $36.6^{\circ}C$인 반면 지면은 1월에 $16.0^{\circ}C$, 2월에는 $24.4^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 월동을 시작하면서부터 감소하기 시작한 용기묘의 함수율은 2월, 3월에 빠르게 감소하다가 4월이 되면서 빠른 속도로 증가하였다. 월동하는 용기묘는 관수처리 주기가 길어짐에 따라 높은 고사율을 보였다. 1주 및 2주 관수주기에 의한 용기묘의 평균 고사율은 각각 4.8%와 6.5%를 보였으나 3주와 4주 주기에서는 각각 38.5%와 49.4%의 높은 고사율을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 우리나라 소나무 2-0 용기묘의 월동 시 적정 관수주기는 최소 2주가 적정한 것으로 보인다. 용기묘가 지면에 밀착하여 저장될 때 용기의 배수구를 빠져나온 뿌리가 토양 속으로 자라나 활착되는 현상이 조사되었으며, 이와 같은 뿌리는 용기를 이동시킬 때 많은 뿌리들이 끊어져 상처를 입는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.311-320
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was to analyze research reports published in Korea on cardiac rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Based on inclusion criteria, 19 research reports were included in this review. Published year of selected articles was between 1996 and 2008. Nineteen studies were analyzed by guidelines of the cardiac rehabilitation programs done by the American Heart Association(AHA) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN). Results: The characteristics of patients were mostly of ischemic heart disease, 50-59 yr old, and male. Educational sessions were administered twice, and each lesson lasted less than 30 min. Exercise was done 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Most educational content were about risk factors, but there was no information, such as coping with feelings. Most exercise was performed as ROM, treadmill, and cycle ergometer. A large percentage of outcome indicators were health behavior, hemodynamic changes, and exercise capacity. There was more 'no effect' than 'positive effect' in trait anxiety and depression, whereas similar in physiologic domain. Conclusion: Various types of cardiac rehabilitation in Korea were performed by researchers. Therefore, we need to develop the standard protocol, to add psychosocial intervention, and to study cost effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM(General Coordinative Manipulation) on the groups bow-knee and knock-knee. Methods: GCM Center of 23 members were divided into the two different groups. 12 members of group bow-knee and 11 members of group knock-knee applied to each manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM. Two different groups were applied to 1 cycle a day for 4 weeks, 3 times a week. Results: The effect of manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM on the groups bow-knee and knock-knee was significant(z<.05). The relationship between groups bow-knee and knock-knee was no significant(z>.05). Conclusion: the manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM was contributed in the Correct recovery of bow-knee and knock-knee(z<.05).

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 1985

To compare heart rate, $O_2$ uptake, $Vo_2$ ($O_2$ consumption), blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), reaction time, stability, flicker fusion value during 4 load levels with Rs (self-paced respiration) and Rp (paced respiration), 4 subjects participated in this experiment 1 hour/day, 6 days/week for 9 weeks. The cycle of Rp is 6 sec. (inspiration: 3 sec. & expiration: 3 sec.) Implications of the results are discussed in terms of the change in the physiological responses and human performance by the respiratory pattern. The results are as follows, 1. The changing magnitude of heart rate with Rp was larger than with Rs and the variance during load level 4 was significant. 2. The $Vo_2$ with Rp was smaller than with Rs and maximal $O_2$ uptake given load levels with Rp occurred and for two subjects, it significantly moved from low load level to high load level. 3. The changing magnitude of blood pressure was not consistent but the systolic pressure with Rp was smaller at rest than with Rs. 4. The score of reaction time test and stability test with Rp was better than with Rs.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 1968

천연하천수는 다면적인 용도를 지니는 귀중한 천연자원이다. 선진국가에서의 예를 들지않드라도 우리의 사회생활이 발전함에 따라 물의 용도는 너무나 다양하게 요구되는 것이며, 이로 인한 수많은 오염요소는 물과 그 속의 천연자원을 파괴하는 현상이 현저하게 나타나게 된다. 천연자원은 그 자체가 지니고 있는 속성을 충분히 활용하면서 효과적으로 이용해야 할것이고 또 그 자원은 항구적인 보존책이 강구되어야 할 것이다. 우리나라에도 적지않은 하천수계가 있으나 그 활용은 아직은 미미한 상태에 있다. 하천수를 포함한 내수면의 수산업적이용도 그 중의 중요한 부분을 차지하는 것이니, 각하천수계의 어업생물학적조사, 수질조사를 비롯하여 식용어, 유어자원 또는 유용생물자원의 함양은 시급하게 착수되어야 할 중요한 과제라고 하겠다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.541-555
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine heavy metal exposure levels in the blood and urine of a nationally representative adult population in Korea, and to identify the major influence factors for exposure through linkage analysis using questionnaire data. Methods: Biological samples and questionnaire data were collected from adults aged 18 and over who had participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey from 2009 to 2017. Lead, mercury, and cadmium exposure levels were presented with geometric mean and 95th percentiles. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting heavy metal concentrations. Results: Blood lead levels increased slightly in Cycle 2 compared to Cycle 1, but decreased in Cycle 3. Blood and urinary mercury and urinary cadmium levels decreased over time. The main influence factors included gender, age, and smoking status for blood lead levels; gender, age, and intake of fish at least once a week for blood mercury levels; and age for urinary cadmium levels. Conclusion: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey is an effective tool for confirming over-time changes in exposure to lead, mercury, and cadmium in Korean adults and to identify its influence factors. The results of this study are expected to present basic data for calculating reference values and baseline exposure levels for environmental chemicals in Korean adults.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1411-1415
• /
• 2008

The purpose of the present study was to determine the onset of breeding season, the occurrence of silent and true heats and the duration of estrus in female Markhoz goats of the Kurdistan province in Iran. Ten, 3 years-old Markhoz does with an average weight of $34.05{\pm}2.62kg$ and with one kidding record, were used. The goats were maintained in an open barn under constant nutritional levels and natural photoperiod. One aproned buck was used twice a day every 12 h to detect estrus from mid August to early January. For the determination of the onset of reproductive activity as well as occurrence of silent heat, blood samples were collected every 10 days, from the beginning of the experiment. After $2^{nd}$ standing heat, blood samples were obtained twice a week in order to assess luteal activity and the length of estrous cycles. In this study, estrous behavior was observed including sniffing, vocal exchange, following courtship, flehman, standing heat and mounting. The results of the progesterone assay indicated that in this goat silent heats occur mostly in the early breeding season. The first standing heat was observed in mid-October which was considered as the onset of the breeding season. Duration of the estrous cycle and estrus was recorded as being $20.93{\pm}1.56days$ and $38.86{\pm}15.19h$, respectively. The correlation coefficient between length of daylight and occurrence of estrus was negative (r = -0.470) but not significant (p>0.05). The data showed that there was no significant effect of body weight on estrous cycles (first, second and third) and estrous periods (first, second, third and fourth). Progesterone levels were not significantly different in the first, second and third estrous cycles at days 0, 4, 10, 12, 14 and 19. The results of progesterone assay during the estrous cycle indicate that follicular and luteal phases last 4-5 and 14-15 days, respectively and the concentration of serum progesterone in these phases was $0.88{\pm}0.08$ and $7.44{\pm}0.26ng/ml$, respectively. The study concluded that Markhoz does could be considered as a breed with a short breeding season and an optimal estrous activity in autumn.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.37-51
• /
• 1974

This Study was carried out to observe the effect of nutritional condition on the change of protein metabolism in the animal body by feeding on imbalanced protein diet. A total 242 growing male albino rats, weighing $115{\sim}120$ gm, were used for the experimental animals. The rats were fed on the standard diet(st), protein flee diet(pf) and imbalanced protein diet(ib) for twelve weeks respectively. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume in blood, and total nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, urea-nitrogen, creatinine, transaminases(GPT, GOT) in liver and serum, and total nitrogen in small intestine, and total nitrogen, urea-nitrogen In small intestine, and total nitrogen, urea-nitrogen, creatinine, urea-nitrogen/creatinine ratio in urine were measured. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The gained body weight were lower in pf group and ib group than those of st group. The gained body weight fed for 12 weeks, were 80% lower in pf group than those of st group, and the body weight of pf group for $50{\sim}75$ days feeding were $40{\sim}60%$ decreased, compared with the stating weight, and then all of them died. 2. The change of the brain, liver, kidney, spleen and small intestine by feeding on imbalanced diet for 12 weeks were no remarkable difference with the starting weight, but those of protein free diet group were half or more decrease and those were significantly lower in spleen and small intestine especially than the other organ 3. The contents of hemoglobin in pf group for 8 weeks feeding, and the packed cell volume in pf group for 8 weeks feeding and in ib group for 12 weeks feeding were decreased. but those of the other feeding group were almost same value. 4. The total nitrogen in the liver, small intestine and serum of each diet group were no remarkable difference respectively. The contents of amino acid nitrogen in pf group for 2 and 6 weeks feeding were increased. 5. On transaminases: a) The cycle of increase and decrease of GPT activities were come periodically and the interval of cycle were fast in the early stage of feeding and slow there-after. b) The GPT activities were decreased gradually in pf group after feeding and those were increased in ib group for 6 weeks feeding but decreased there-after. The frequency of cycle were more GPT than GOT and specially those of GPT in early stage of feeding were two or three times while GOT was one. c) The interval of increase and decrease in GOT and amino acid nitrogen cycle were similar tendency. 6. The contents of total nitrogen, creatinine and urea-nitrogen of pf group in urine were decreased very sharply from sharting feeding to one week but increased dully from six weeks to eight weeks feeding. The contents of urea-nitrogen of ib group were increased dully by feeding on ten weeks but decreased by feeding on twelve weeks. From the above results, it is concluded that the trend of the metabolic change is maintained equally by homeostatic mechanism using the endogenous protein source during a certain period by imbalanced protein diet feeding. The homeostatic mechanism is come peridically, very fast in early stage of feeing and than slow there-after.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of integrating transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation into treadmill gait training by applying functional electrical stimulation on the spasticity, balance, and gait ability of chronic stroke patients METHODS: Twenty participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the treadmill gait training group with applied functional electrical stimulation (FES) with integrated transcutaneous electricalstimulation (TENS) (experimental group, EG, n = 10) and the treadmill gait training group with FES (control group, CG, n = 10). Both groups received treadmill gait training with FES for 30 minutes a time, four times a week, during five weeks. The experimental group received additional TENS on their L3, L5, and S2 dermatome for 30 minutes before the interventions. The spasticity, balance, and gait ability were evaluated before and after the training to compare the intergroup and intragroup changes. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvements in the static, dynamic balance, and gait ability (p < .05), but did not show any significant changes in the muscle tone. The EG showed significant improvements in the static balance ability and gait cycle compared to the CG (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Treadmill gait training combined with FES with integrated TENS is an effective method for improving the static balance and gait cycle. On the other hand, the effects of treadmill gait training with FES on spasticity need to be studied further.