• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.203-207
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• 1996

Methanol extract of dried persimmon leaves was refractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol aqueous fractions. Among these chloroform fraction showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicities of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) and 3,2' -dimethyl-4-amino-bipheny1(DMAB) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Chloroform fraction was further fractionated into eight fractions by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The fraction 5 on TLC exhibited the highest antimutagenic activities in AFB₁and DMAB. 2,4-Decadienal, dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, hexanoic acid 1,4-bis(1-methy1 ethy1)benzene, heptanoic acid, phenol, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid and benzoic acid were tentatively identified from this antimutagenic fraction by GC-MS.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 1991

The anti-mutagenic effect of Orostachys japonicus (OJ) toward aflatoxin (AFB$_{1}$) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the Salmonella assay system was studied. The methanol extract of OJ inhibited the mutagenicity induced by AFB$_{1}$ about 97% when 5% of the extract added to the system. Butanol fraction from the methanol extract was the most effective against AFB$_{1}$. However, other fractions of hexane, chloroform, and ethylacetate also showed considerable antimutagenic activity against AFB$_{1}$. Several identified compounds from the fractions of OJ exhibited anti-mutagenic effect. $\beta$-Sitosterol, astragalin and kaempferol-3-rhamnosyl-7-glucoside were selected from the compounds, and these compounds inhibited the mutagenicity dose-dependently. These 3 compounds also decreased the mutagenicity induced by MNNG. From these results, it is suggested that the major compounds such as triterpene, sterol and flavonoid in the OJ were responsible for the inhibition of the AFB$_{1}$ and MNNG-induced mutagenicities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1156-1160
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• 2005

An iridoid glycoside, oldenlandoside III (5) was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb. along with six others previously characterized iridoid glycosides; geniposidic acid (1), scandoside (2), feretoside (3), 10-O-ben-zoylscandoside methyl ester (4), asperulosidic acid (6) and deacetylasperulosidic acid (7). Compounds 1, 2, and 7 inhibited LDL-oxidation, and showed $63.3{\pm}2.0,\;62.2{\pm}1.6,\;and\;63.8{\pm}1.5\%$ inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 20 ${\mu}g/mL$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.2 s.145
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

The butanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa (BAP) induced dose-dependent vascular relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted aorta, which was abolished by removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the endothelium-intact aortic tissues with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[$4,3-{\alpha}$]-quinoxalin-1-one(ODQ) inhibited the relaxation induced by BAP. BAP-induced vascular relaxation was also markedly attenuated by addition of verapamiI, while the relaxant effect of BAP was not blocked by indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine, or propranolo. In addition, incubation of endothelium-intact aortic rings with BAP increased the vascular production of cGMP. These results suggest that BAP relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway, which may be causally related with L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.955-959
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine the antioxidative and antigenotoxic effects of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) sprout using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical donating method and micronucleus test. Buckwheat sprout were extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol and water. Among the five fractions, the EtOAc fraction showed the highest electron donating activity ($RC_{50}$ 26.1 ${\mu}g/mL$). The effects of buckwheat sprout extracts on the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) induced by MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) were investigated in the bone marrow. 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of each extract were administered to animals immediately after injection of MNNG and the exposure time was 36 hrs. Inhibition effects of buckwheat sprout ethanol extract were 23.4%, 40.6%, 56.3% and 73.4%, respectively. When the fraction of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water from 70% ethanol extract were treated with concentration of 80 mg/kg, the suppression rates of the MNPCE were 64.1, 67.9, 75.8, 74.2 and 63.3%, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.403-417
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) emission from painting and printing facilities in the Pyeongdong industrial complex in Gwangju. In addition, the objective was to understand the distribution characteristics of VOCs in the ambient air in industrial complexes affected by painting and printing facilities. The painting facility mainly emitted toluene, acetone, butyl acetate, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, 4-ethyltoluene, ethylbenzene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The main emission components in printing facilities were methyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-propanol, toluene, heptane, and butyl acetate. Ethyl acetate, toluene, 2-butanone, acetone, butyl acetate, 2-propanol, xylenes, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were detected in the ambient air of the Pyeongdong industrial complex, consistent with the VOCs emitted by painting and printing facilities. The average concentration of seasonal TVOCs followed an order of winter > fall > spring > summer, whereas the concentrations of daytime and nighttime TVOCs were generally higher at night than those during the day, and the wind speed was greater during the day than it was at night. Based on a factor analysis of VOCs in the ambient air of Pyeongdong industrial complex, it is considered that organic solvents used in coating, printing, and electronics manufacturing facilities, as well as diesel vehicle emissions played a major role.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

This study is to develop vinegar with germinated brown rice and red pepper (Capsicum annuum) for effective use of the rice and red pepper. The vinegar was prepared using the wine fermented from the germinated brown rice supplemented with 10~50% red pepper. Acetic acid fermentation was carried out with 6% (w/v) initial ethanol concentration, at $30^{\circ}C$. pH values decreased from 4.27~4.41 to 3.20~3.59 during acetic acid fermentation. The initial total acidity (0.29~0.41%) changed to 3.68~4.51% after fermentation. Hunter's a (redness) and b (yellowness) values also increased as the addition of red pepper increased to 30%. Major volatile compounds consisted of ethyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetic acid. Capsaicin content (0.17~0.26 mg%) at the initial changed to 0.16~0.29 mg% at the final of the fermentation. Antioxidant activity decreased from 48.1~79.1% to 36.6~64.9% by the fermentation. The germinated brown rice vinegar added with red pepper had higher acceptance scores than that of the control without red pepper.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1996

The antimicrobial activity of mugwort(artemisia asiatica Nakai) was investigated. The methanol extract or dried mugwort was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions. The hexane fraction among these fractions showed the hifhest inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus plantarum. Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were completely inhibited at a concentration of 250, 500 , and 750$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml respectively. The hexane fraction was further fractionated into 16 subfractions by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The subfraction No. 8, 9, and 10 on TLC exhibited high antimicrnial activity. At 3rd fractionation, subfraction No. 2 inhibited the growth of microorganisms at 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Heptadecane, dodecamethyi cyclohexasiloxane, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, dodecamethul pentasiloxane, coumarin, 5,6,6,6a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone, neophytadiene, tridecanoic acid, methyl ester, 2-methyl-4,5-nonadiene, (Z,Z)-9-12-octadecadienoyl chloride, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) were identified from this antimicrobial fraction by GC-MS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

A Nodulisporium sp. (Hypoxylon sp.) has been isolated as an endophyte of Thelypteris angustifolia (Broadleaf Leaf Maiden Fern) in a rainforest region of Central America. It has been identified both on the basis of its morphological characteristics and by scanning electron microscopy as well as ITS sequence analysis. The endophyte produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have both fuel (mycodiesel) and use for biological control of plant disease. When grown on potato dextrose agar, the organism uniquely produces a series of ketones, including acetone; 2-pentanone; 3-hexanone, 4-methyl; 3-hexanone, 2,4-dimethyl; 2-hexanone, 4-methyl, and 5-hepten, 2-one and these account for about 25% of the total VOCs. The most abundant identified VOC was 1,8 cineole, which is commonly detected in this group of organisms. Other prominent VOCs produced by this endophyte include 1-butanol, 2-methyl, and phenylethanol alcohol. Moreover, of interest was the presence of cyclohexane, propyl, which is a common ingredient of diesel fuel. Furthermore, the VOCs of this isolate of Nodulisporium sp. were selectively active against a number of plant pathogens, and upon a 24 h exposure caused death to Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and 100% inhibition to Phytophthora cinnamomi with only slight to no inhibition of the other pathogens that were tested. From this work, it is becoming increasingly apparent that each isolate of this endophytic Nodulisporium spp., including the Daldina sp. and Hypoxylon spp. teleomorphs, seems to produce its own unique set of VOCs.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.874-882
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• 2017

As the interest on the air-pollution is gradually rising up at home and abroad, automotiv e and fuel researchers have been working on the exhaust emission reduction from vehicles through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design, innovative after-treatment systems, using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research has brought forward three main issues : evaporative, performance, air pollution. In addition, researcher studied the environment problems of the bio-ethanol, bio-butanol, bio-ETBE (Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether), MTBE (Methyl Tert iary Butyl Ether) fuel contained in the fuel as octane number improver. The researchers have many dat a about the health effects of ingestion of octane number improver. However, the data support the con clusion that octane number improver is a potential human carcinogen at high doses. Based on the bio-fuel and octane number improver types (bio-ethanol, bio-butanol, bio-ETBE, MTBE), this paper dis cussed the influence of gasoline fuel properties on the evaporative emission characteristics. Also, this p aper assessed the acceleration and power performance of gasoline vehicle for the bio-fuel property. As a result of the experiment, it was found that all the test fuels meet the domestic exhaust gas standards, and as a result of measurement of the vapor pressure of the test fuels, the bio - ethanol : 15 kPa and the biobutanol : 1.6 kPa. thus when manufacturing E3 fuel, Increasing the biobutanol content reduces evaporation gas and vapor pressure. In addition, Similar accelerating and powering performance was shown for the type of biofuel and when bio-butanol and bio-ethanol were compared accelerated perf ormance was improved by about 3.9% and vehicle power by 0.8%.