• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.112-120
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• 2010

Human can recognize the environment by detecting spatial perception, and most of environmental perception depends on visual perception. In view that the acquisition of spatial information is accomplished through visual recognition, analysis of visual structure contained in the space is thought to be very important sector in studying the characteristic of the space. The history of studies on visual structure of space, however, wasn't too long, and furthermore most of the theories up to now focused on static and planar principles. Under this circumstance, this study is intended to suggest new theory by combining Isovist theory and VGA theory that have been actively discussed as the theory on visual perception-based spatial structure and supplementing them between each other to expand into 3-dimensional model. The suggested theory is a complex principle in dimensional and dynamic form in consideration of visual direction, which forms 3-dimentional virtual model that enables visualization of the property of spatial structure as the routine discriminating whether visual connection is made between viewing point and target point, and the target point is included in the visual field quadrangular pyramid or not. Such model was built up by an analysis application where four probe paths were applied to simulate the visual structure that occurs in virtual space, and then the characteristics were analyzed through quantification. In result, in spite of the path with equal space and equal length, significant difference in the acquired quantity of spatial information could be found depending on the probe sequence. On the contrary, it was found that probe direction may not affect the acquired quantity of information and visual property of the space.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.3 s.25
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• pp.125-132
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the functions and formations of the component units as aesthetic components in the spatial grid. The main subject covered here is the presentation of the morphological method of shaping spatial grid by application of 3-dimensional units satisfying the suitable form of polyhedra, tensegrity and hybrid structure. In accordance with the subject, the definition of the spatial grid and 3-dimensional nit, the relationship between them, and then the functions of those units are reviewed. And the formations of polyhedral units, tensegrity units and hybrid units are generated by means of the modules of the simplest type or pattern. And also the overall appearance of the spatial grid shaped by several basic methods in which one unit can be joined to another and arranged are depicted.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.75-86
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• 2011

Three-dimensional modeling of cities in the real-world is an essential task for city planning and decision-making. And many three-dimensional city models are being developed with the development of wireless Internet and location-based services that identify the location of users and provide the information increases for consumers. Especially, in case of urban areas of Korea, indoor space modeling as well as outdoor is needed due to the high-rise buildings densities. Also location-based services should be provided through spatial analysis such as the shortest path based on a space model. Many studies of three-dimensional city models are feature models. In a feature model, space is represented by combining primitives, and relationships among spaces are represented only if shared primitives are detected. So relationships between complex three-dimensional objects in space is difficult to be defined through the feature models. In this study, Navigable space-relation model(NSRM) is developed, which is topological data model for efficient representation of spatial relationships between objects based on the network structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.58-70
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• 2003

Meteorological data contains observation and numerical weather prediction model output data. The computerized analysis and visualization of meteorological data often requires very high computing capability due to the large size and complex structure of the data. Because the meteorological data is frequently formed in multi-variables, 3-dimensional and time-series form, it is very important to visualize and analyze the data in 3D spatial domain in order to get more understanding about the meteorological phenomena. In this research, we developed interactive 3-dimensional visualization techniques for visualizing meteorological data on a PC environment such as volume rendering, iso-surface rendering or stream line. The visualization techniques developed in this research are expected to be effectively used as basic technologies not only for deeper understanding and more exact prediction about meteorological environments but also for scientific and spatial data visualization research in any field from which three dimensional data comes out such as oceanography, earth science, and aeronautical engineering.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.117-124
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• 1993

The Neumann Expansion method has been used for evaluating the response variability of three dimensional truss structure resulting from the spatial variability of material properties with the aid of the finite element method, and in conjunction with the direct Monte Carlo simulation methods. The spatial variabilites are modeled as three-dimensional stochastic field. Yamazaki 〔1〕 has extended the Neumann Expansion method to the plane-strain problem to obtain the response variability of 2 dimensional stochastic systems. This paper presents the extension of the Neumann Expansion method to 3 dimensional stochastic systems. The results by the NEM are compared with those by the deterministic finite element analysis and by the direct Monte Carlo simulation method

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to propose a method for calculating the weight of walking energy in ERAM model by calculating it for the analysis of vertical and horizontal spaces in a building. Conventional theories on the space analysis in the field of architectural planning predict the pedestrian volume of network spaces in urban street or in two-dimensional plane within a building, however, for vertical and horizontal spaces in a building, estimates of the pedestrian volume by those theories are limited. Because in the spatial syntax and ERAM model have been applied weights such as the spatial depth, adjacent angles, and physical distances available only to the two-dimensional same layer or plane. Therefore, the following basic assumptions and analysis conditions in this study were established for deriving a predictor of pedestrian volume in vertical and horizontal spaces of a building. The basic premise of space analysis is not to address the relationship between the pedestrian volume and the spatial structure itself but to the properties of spatial structure connection that human beings experience. The analysis conditions in three-dimensional spaces are as follows : 1) Measurement units should be standardized on the same scale, and 2) The connection characteristics between spaces should influence the accessibility of human beings. In this regard, a factor of walking energy has the attributes to analyze the connection of vertical and horizontal spaces and satisfies the analysis conditions presented in this study. This study has two implications. First, this study has shown how to quantitatively calculate the walking energy after a factor of walking energy was derived to predict the pedestrian volume in vertical and horizontal spaces. Second, the method of calculating the walking energy can be applied to the weights of the ERAM model, which provided the theoretical basis for future studies to predict the pedestrian volume of vertical and horizontal spaces in a building.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2019

VWorld is run by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of South Korea and provides national spatial information, such as aerial images, digital elevation models, and 3D structural models. We propose herein an open platform for 3D spatial information based on WebGL using spatial information from VWorld. WebGL is a web-based graphics library and has the advantage of being compatible with various web browsers. Our open platform is also compatible with various web browsers. Accordingly, it is easily accessible via the VWorld site and uses the three-dimensional (3D) map program. In this study, we describe the proposed platform configuration, and the requests, management, and visualization approaches for VWorld spatial information data. Our aim is to establish an approach that will provide a stable rendering speed even on a low-end personal computer without a graphics processing unit based on a quadtree structure. We expect that users will be able to visualize 3D spatial information through the VWorld open platform, and that the proposed platform will become the basis for various applications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.283-290
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial relationship of facial bone more accurately. For this study, the three-dimensional images of dry skull were reconstructed using computer image analysis system and three-dimensional reconstructive program involved CT. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Three-dimensional reconstructive CT results in images that have better resolution and more contrast 2. It showed good marginal images of anatomical structure on both three-dimensional CT and computer image analysis system, but the roof of orbit, the lacrimal bone and the squamous portion of temporal bone were hardly detectable. 3. The partial loss of image data were observed during the regeneration of saved image data on three-dimensional CT. 4. It saved the more time for reconstruction of three-dimensional images using computer image analysis system. But, the capacity of hardware was limited for inputting of image data and three-dimensional reconstructive process. 5. We could observe the spatial relationship between the region of interest and the surrounding structures by three-dimensional reconstructive images without invasive method.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish a walking energy weighted ERAM model that can predict the pedestrian volume by the connection structure of the vertical and horizontal spaces within a three-dimensional building. The process of building a walking-energy weighted ERAM model is as follows. First, the spatial graph was used to reproduce three-dimensional buildings with vertical and horizontal spatial connection structures. Second, the walking energy was measured on the spatial graph. Third, ERAM model was used to apply weights with spatial connection properties in random walking environment, and the walking energy weights were applied to the ERAM model to calculate the walk energy weighted ERAM values and visualize the distribution of pedestrian flow. To verify the validation of the established model, existing and proposed spatial analysis models were compared to real space. The results of this study are as follows : The model proposed in this study showed as much elaborated estimation of pedestrian traffic flow in real space as in traditional spatial analysis models, and also it showed much higher level of forecasting pedestrian traffic flow in real space than existing models.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-191
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• 2021

This paper examines what is the content of Gusan's urban identity, represented by the film and how the contents and aspects of this city's identity interact with the structure of the films' discourse. weaves Gunsan and Seoul into continuously reorganized cities based on an interactive relation, rather than literal ones. Seoul in which the time for a film narrative is closed is converted into the starting point for tour to Gunsan. The both points in which audiences' ex post return occurs are the starting point for the time for the film discourse and the other point in which the title is suggested. The journey-type of the narrative structure in this film is a3-dimensional spiral-shaped, rather than a 2-dimensional circular regression. embodies the characteristics and the identity and apriority of two cities, based on such a spiral-shaped temporal and spatial structure. Seoul severs the relation between grand narrative/collective memory and small narrative/individual memory as an agnostic one, in other words, it is a city that cuts off cities, relations and memory and rejects the continuity of memory. On the other hand, Gunsan is a city in which both grand and small narrative and collective and individual memory coexist and both split and isolated mind are cured and mutually consoled. It describes Gunsan as the surplus space as a being for others, while expressing its identity as robust and literal thing. The film describes it as the field in which oppositional concepts such as historical interruption and continuity and spatial being for others and originality become 3-dimensional spiral ones, through the reciprocity between the narrative and the discourse structure. This paper has an implication, in that it examines how temporal and spatial relationship constituting the urban identity interacts with the structure of the film narrative.