• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 1996

본 연구는 월경전기에 불편감이 있다고 응답한 230명의 여고생을 대상으로 전향적인 매일 평가서를 사용하여 월경주기에 따른 신체적, 기분, 행동변화의 양상을 보고자 하였다 '월경전 불쾌기분장애'로 확인된 군과 전체대상군 모두에서 후기황체기에 신체적 , 심리적 증상들이 뚜렷한 악화를 보이기 시작하여 월경이 시작되면서 증상의 최고치를 나타냈으며, 월경시작4일째에 급격한 감소를 보였다. 또한 월경주기중에서 특히 월경기때에 보다많이 신체적인 불편감을 경험하고 있고, 이때 월경기간이 길수록 불편감이 큰 것으로 보여진다. 이러한 양상들은 젊은 여성의 월경전기 변화 양상을 대표할 수는 없으나, 본 대상군이 여고생임을 감안할 때 우리나라 청소년의 월경주기에 따른 고유한 증상의 변화양상을 보여주는 것이라고 할 수 있겠다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2009

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a simple phospholipid-derived mediator implicated in diverse biological actions, acts through the specific G-protein coupled receptors, LPA receptor (LPAR) $1{\sim}5$. Our previous study showed that LPAR3 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and stage-specific manner and LPA via LPAR3 increases PTGS2 expression in the uterine endometrium during the period of implantation. Although LPAR3 is considered to be predominant LPA receptor in the uterine endometrium, other LPA receptors might playa role to mediate LPA functions in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy. Among LPARs, we investigated expression of LPAR1 during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in this study. Uterine endometrial tissue samples were collected from day (D) 12 and D15 of the estrous cycle and from D12, D15, D30, D60, D90 and D114 of pregnancy. Northern blot analysis determined that LPAR1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in the uterine endometrial tissues during the estrous cycle and pregnancy of all stages. Analysis by immunoblotting revealed that LPAR1 proteins were present in the porcine uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that LP AR1 protein was localized to endometrial epithelium and stromal cell, specifically to nuclei of these cell types. Results in this study show that LPAR1 is constitutively expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. These results suggest that LPA via LPAR1 may playa role in the uterine endometrial function throughout pregnancy in pigs.

• 천문학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2011

The photometric light curves of the W-type W UMa eclipsing contact binary system BB Pegasi have been found to be extremely asymmetric over all the observed 63 years in all wavelengths UBVR. The light curves have been characterized by occultation primary minima. Hence, the morphology of these light curves has been studied in view of these different asymmetric degrees. The system shows a distinct O'Connell effect, as well as depth variation. A 22.96 years of stellar dark spots cycle has been determined for the system. Almost the same cycle (22.78 yr) has been found for the depth variation of MinI and MinII. We also present an analysis of mid-eclipse time measurements of BB Peg. The analysis indicates a period decrement of $5.62{\times}10^{-8}$ day/yr, which can be interpreted in terms of mass transfer at a rate of $-4.38{\times}10^{-8}M_{\odot}$/yr, from the more to the less massive component. The O - C diagram shows a damping sine wave covering two different cycles of 17.0 yr and 12.87 yr with amplitudes equal to 0.0071 and 0.0013 day, respectively. These unequal durations show a non-periodicity which may be explained as a result of magnetic activity cycling variations due to star spots. The obtained characteristics are consistent with similar chromospherically active stars, when applying the Applegate's (1992) mechanism.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2011

In this study, the SBR and MLE process was performed for a removal of the RO retentate and the nitrogen removal efficiency was evaluated. The inflow-rate of two processes was set a 10 L/day. The SBR process was operated a two cycle as HRT per one cycle was 12hr and the HRT of the anoxic and aerobic tank was respectively 7.5 hr and 16.5 hr. The methanol was injected for an effective denitrificaion owing to a low C/N ratio of the RO retentate. The two processes were effectively performed for nitrogen removal, but the average removal efficiency of the SBR process was about 94.93% better performance than the MLE process. Therefore, the SBR process demonstrated a good performance more than the MLE process for nitrogen removal of the RO retentate. The kinetic of SNR and SDNR was observed respectively 0.051 kg $NH_{3}-N/kg\;MLVSS{\cdot}dayg$ and 0.287 kg ${NO_3}^--N/kg\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$, which will be useful to design for the wastewater treatment system with a RO retentate.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2008

All over the world, the existing process of water purification needs more flocculants and chlorine due to a gradual decline in the quality of source water. Therefore, the problem of the remaining aluminium and DBPs in purified water is on the rise. To solve this problem, the process of membrane filter has recently come into the spotight. This study reaches the following conclusions concerning TMP variation in order to solve the dropping of flux throgh a membrane filter when operating a membrane filter system in the process of water purification. 1. In case that a cohesion-precipitation process was introduced to pre-treatment of a membrane filter, initial TMP was very satisfactory(0.27kg/cm) in producing the constantly safe quality of water, $0.04{\sim}0.1$(mean 0.05) NTU by pouring 2mg/l of PACI(10% $Al_2O_3$) used for the existing process of water purification in high-density turbidity at a dry or flood season and at occurrence of high algae. 2. As flux increased at 0.5m/day.m, TMP increased 0.05 kgf/cm. 3. As filtering, operation mode of PVDF MF membrane filtering was 48 minutes and 1 cycle of back washing was 42 minutes, flux was increased 1.5m/day.m and TMP increased $0.25{\sim}0.27kgf/cm$. Without back washing, TMP increased 0.03 kgf/cm per a cycle.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 1993

Ornithine decarboxylase(ODC)가 polyamine 생합성에 주요 효소로 역할을 하지만 difluoromethylornithine(DFMO)은 polyamine 합성에 억제자로 작용하고 있다. Cycling crossbed gilt들을 무작위로 두 그룹으로 분배하였다(6/group). Indwelling silicone catheter를 모든 동물의 경정맥에 수술을 통해 이식하였다. DFMO는 생리식염수(20mg/ml)에 용해하여 매일 80mg/kg을 i.m.으로 주사하였으며 대조구에게는 같은 양의 생지식염수만을 주사하였다. DFMO는 estrous cycle day 16일부터 21일 혹은 발정때까지 하루 3번(08:00, 16:00, 24:00h) 주사하였다. Day 14일 부터 마지막 DFMO주사 이틀 후까지 하루 한번씩 10ml의 혈액을 채취하였다. Day 16일부터 21일까지 매일 다른 gilt로부터 8시간 동안(08:00∼16:00h) 15분 간격의 주기로 window 혈액을 채취하였다. Serum으로부터 progesteron(P4), Estradiol(E2), LH 및 FSH를 측정하였다. P4와 E2는 DFMO처리에 관계없이 follicular phase동안에 전형적인 profile을 보였다. DFMO처리는 발정직전의 LH농도를 저하시켰지만 (p<0.01), FSH에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론적으로 gilt에 있어서 DFMO는 LH분비에 억제적인 영향을 미치는 한편, P4, E2 및 FSH에는 별로 영향을 미치지 않음이 나타났다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1980

The concentration of total protein during the metamorphosis of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella $H\ddot{u}bner$ was measured using micro-Kjeldahl method by Oser(1965). Healthy specimens were chosen as samples at each developmental stages: the 1st instar larva, the 3rd inster larva, final instar larva, pupae 2, 6, 10 days and the adult 1 day. The total protein concentration decreased gradually until the two day pupal stage and increased at the six day pupal stage. In the one day dault stage, the concentration reached a maximum. In conclusion, changes of total protein concentation through the course of the physiological cycle form a U-shaped curve when graphed against the histolysis of larval organs and the histogenesis of adult organs. In view of controlling pest, the U-shaped pattern of physiological activity indicates that control will be the most effective at the time of the most physiological weakness manifested at the two day pupal stage.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study was to determine the elaborate characteristics of ovarian changes including follicles and corpus luteum, and hormonal patterns of gonadotropin surge mode secretions during the normal consecutive estrous cycle in three dairy cows. Non-lactating and multiparous Holstein cows (n=3) used as experimental animals. The cows were assigned to examine the relationship among ovarian changes (follicle, corpus luteum), ovarian steroids (estradiol, progesterone) and gonadotropin (LH, FSH) surge mode secretion during the successive estrous cycles by rectal palpation, ultrasonography and hormonal assay. The mean length of the estrous cycle for the three cows was $23.1{\pm}1.44days$ (${\pm}SEM$), with a range of 20-28 days. In six estrous cycles, the number of two follicular waves, three follicular waves and four follicular waves was 2, 3 and 1, respectively. The sequential ultrasonographic monitoring showed that the corpus luteum with ${\geq}10mm$ in diameter detected from Day 2 (Day 0 is ovulation) in six estrous cycles of all cows. Preovulatory increases in estradiol concentration reached $10.36{\pm}1.10pg/ml$ on the 2 days before ovulation of the last dominant follicle. All cows exhibited a preovulatory rise in estradiol concentration followed by a typical preovulatory LH and FSH surge. The mean interval from the peak of LH/FSH surge to ovulation of the last dominant follicle was $31.3{\pm}1.76h$ (${\pm}SEM$). In these results, each dairy cow showed that ovarian morphological changes and gonadotropin surge mode secretion will be regulated by various environmental factors including age, breeds, nutrition, breeding conditions, etc.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2008

목 적: 난소 용적 측정 및 기저 FSH, $E_2$, CCCT 검사를 통하여 가임기 여성에서 난소 낭종 제거술후 난소 배란능의 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 난소 낭종으로 내원한 환자 중 35세 이하의 여성으로서 비교적 규칙적인 생리주기를 가지며 한쪽 난소에만 낭종을 가진 22명을 대상으로 자궁내막종군과 비자궁내막종군으로 구분하여 전향적 비교 분석을 시행하였다. 질 초음파를 이용하여 수술 1개월 전과 수술 3개월 후 생리주기 3일에 난소의 용적을 측정하였다. 또한 수술 전과, 수술 후 두 번의 정상 생리가 있은 뒤 기저 FSH, $E_2$, CCCT를 시행하였다. 대상 환자 22명 중 3명은 술후 검사를 계획한 3개월 전에 임신이 됨으로써 연구대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과: 수술 후 난소 용적은 자궁내막종군에서 $4.79{\pm}2.57\;cm^3$, 비자궁내막종군 중 직경 ${\geq}10\;cm$인 경우에서 $5.21{\pm}1.33\;cm^3$로서 건측과 비교하여 유의한 감소가 있었으나, 비자궁내막종군 중 직경 <10 cm인 경우는 $6.18{\pm}2.85\;cm^3$로서 유의한 용적 감소가 없었다. 수술후 자궁내막종군의 기저 FSH는 $4.25{\pm}0.20\;mIU/ml$, CCCT 10일째 FSH는 $3.79{\pm}0.80\;mIU/ml$였고, 비자궁내막종군은 각각 $4.24{\pm}0.85\;mIU/ml$, $4.28{\pm}0.92\;mIU/ml$로서 수술 전후의 기저 FSH, CCCT 결과 비교에서 각 군 모두 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 두 군간의 비교에서도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 자궁내막종 절제술 및 10 cm 이상의 난소 낭종 절제술 후 난소 용적은 유의한 감소를 보였으나 10 cm 미만의 난소 낭종 제거술에서는 난소 용적의 유의한 감소가 없었다. 난소 배란능을 평가하기 위하여 측정한 기저 FSH, CCCT 검사 결과는 낭종 제거술 후에도 각 군 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 가임기 여성에서는 난소절제술 보다는 낭종 제거술이 우선 고려되어야 하며, 세심한 주의를 기울인다면 난소 배란능의 손상을 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 1987

Twenty five cancer patients were assigned to two groups: The experimental group which received Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) training and the control group without the training. Base line data for dependent variables -nausea and vomiting, state anxiety and symptom distress- were collected when the subjects of both groups received the first cycle chemotherapy. Then the experimental group was trained for PMR between the first and the second cycle chemotherapy. The same dependent variables were measured during the second cycle chemotherapy from the subjects. Results indicated that the PMR group showed no significant difference in severity of nausea and vomiting compared to the control group. Although the significance was not supported, the severity of nausea and vomiting in experimental group decreased while control group increased between the first and fifth day of the second cycle chemotherapy. The experimental group showed significantly less state anxiety during the second cycle than the control group (p＜0.01). Significantly low symptom distress was also reported in the experimental group compared to the control group(p<0.01). The result suggests that PMR training may be an effective procedure for helping cancer patients cope with the adverse effects of their chemotherapy.