• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.520-528
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• 1996

Four point bending tests of the brazed joint composed of sintered silicon nitride and 0.2% carbon steel with Cusil ABA filler which were fabricated at 86$0^{\circ}C$ were performed at temperatures, 25, 100, 200, 300, 400, 50$0^{\circ}C$ From the experiments, the maximum bending strength was measured at 30$0^{\circ}C$ From the 3D FE analysis of the residual stress of the brazed joint, it was revealed that the thermally induced residual stresses were minimized when the environmental temperature was 35$0^{\circ}C$ Considering the degradation of the filler material at high temperatures, it was calculated that the maximum bending strength of the brazed joint occured just below the temperature of the minimum thermal residual stress and the thermal residual stress was the dominative parameter of the brazed joint.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2006

Alumina ceramic for textile machinery was sintered and subjected to three-point bending. A semicircular surface crack was made on each sample. Crack-healing behavior was systematically studied, as a function of crack-healing temperature and crack size. The bending strength and fracture toughness of the crack-healed sample from $1200^{\circ}C\;to\;1400^{\circ}C$ were investigated. A statistical approach based on Weibull distribution was applied to the test data to evaluate the dispersion in the fracture toughness. Alumina ceramic for textile machinery have the ability to heal after cracking, from over $1300^{\circ}C$. The material can completely heal a $65{\mu}m$ diameter semielliptical crack. The fracture toughness could be explained by 2-parameter Weibull distribution.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2021

The effect of Ar/N₂ two-step plasma treatment on the quantitative interfacial adhesion energy of low temperature Cu-Cu bonding interface were systematically investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that Ar/N₂ 2-step plasma treatment has less copper oxide due to the formation of an effective Cu4N passivation layer. Quantitative measurements of interfacial adhesion energy of Cu-Cu bonding interface with Ar/N₂ 2-step plasma treatment were performed using a double cantilever beam (DCB) and 4-point bending (4-PB) test, where the measured values were 1.63±0.24 J/m² and 2.33±0.67 J/m², respectively. This can be explained by the increased interfacial adhesion energy according phase angle due to the effect of the higher interface roughness of 4-PB test than that of DCB test.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.349-359
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• 2006

Objective: Nickel-titanium alloy wire possesses excellent spring-back properties, shape memory and super-elasticity. In order to adapt this wire to clinical use, it is necessary to bend as well as to control its super-elastic force. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the load-deflection properties and transitional temperature range (TTR) of nickel-titanium wires. Methods: Nickel-titanium wires of different diameters ($0.016"\;{\times}\;0.022"$, $0.018"\;{\times}\;0.025"$ and $0.0215"\;{\times}\;0.028"$) were used. The samples were divided into 4 groups as follows: group 4, posterior segment of archwire (24 mm) without heat treatment; group 2, posterior segment of archwire (24 mm) with heat treatment only; group 3, anterior segment with bending and heat treatment; group 4, anterior segment with bending and 1 sec over heat treatment. Three point bending test was used to evaluate the change in load-deflection curve and obtained DSC (different scanning calorimetry) to check changes in $A_f$ temperature. Results: In the three point bending test, nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment only had higher load-deflection curve and loading and unloading plateau than nickel-titanium wires without heat treatment. Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment had lower Af temperature than nickel-titanium wires without heat treatment. Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment and bending had higher load-deflection curve than nickel- titanium wires with heat treatment and nickel-titanium wires without heat treatment. Nickel-titanium with heat treatment of over 1 sec and bending had the highest load-deflection curve. Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment and bending had lower Af temperature, Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment of over Af sec and bending had the lowest Af temperature. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be stated that heat treatment for bending of Nickel-titanium wires does not deprive the superelastic property but can cause increased force magnitude due to a higher load-deflection curve.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.511-516
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• 1992

In this study, SiC powder and Si powder were used as the raw materials. Mixture was prepared with addition of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 at 0.1~0.5wt% respectively. After this step, the mixture was pressed and nitrided for 30 hrs at 140$0^{\circ}C$ under NH3-N2 atmosphere. Mechanical properties of sintered specimens were investigated from measurement of porosity, bulk density and three point bending test. nitration reaction extent was observed at the change of mass before and after reaction, and the microstructure and the change of $\alpha$-Si3N4 and $\beta$-Si3N4 were observed by XRD and SEM. In the current work, the results are as follows 1. When Fe2O3 added, the nitridation increased with the content of Fe2O3, and the bending strength was increased from 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt%, and decreased to 0.5 wt%. 2. When Al2O3 added, the nitridation and the bending strength increased little by little with the content of Al2O3 3. The bending strength of the specimen added with Fe2O3 were higher than that with Al2O3. Because the specimens contained Fe2O3 had much more the whisker type crystal of Si3N4 contributing to strength than contained Al2O3.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 1991

In this study, a crack closure behavior of Al-alloy 5052-H38 was investigated. The fatigue test was performed by the four-point bending test under the contast amplitude load. Stress ratio R was changed from-1.0 to 0.5. To mcasure the fatigue crack opening point, the graph of load vs. subtracted displacement by computer program was obtained from the X - Y plotter. In order to gain the displacement data, a strain gage was attached at the back surface against the notched side. Uslng the conception of crack closure and influence of on crack growth rate a model for crack growth rate is developed for Al-alloy 5052-H38.

• Composites Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.55-60
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• 2010

In this paper, tensile and bending tests of glass/polypropylene composite (Twintex) specimens fabricated by various forming conditions were carried out and the results were compared according to the forming conditions to find the appropriate condition for the forming composite bone plates. From the tests it was found that the most appropriate forming conditions were $230^{\circ}C$, 3MPa. Composite bone plates were formed using this condition by two different fabricating methods for screw holes: one was a net shape molding and the other was drilling. The forming and bending tests revealed that the drilling process provided much better bending stiffness of bone plates. This paper provided the most appropriate condition for forming composite bone plates and this result was also expected to offer informative data on forming of other Twintex structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 2016

Various material characteristics of HSA800 steel were examined and a quantitative criteria about the homogeneity of the strength was proposed. Whether HSA800 steel is satisfied the criteria for homogeneity of the strength or not was also examined. From the test results, the material characteristics of 1/4 point from the extreme fiber in the Z-direction satisfied the KS requirements. The excellent directional properties and impact resistance at low temperatures were also showed from the test results. HSA800 steel satisfied the criteria of homogeneity for the strength of the steel. However, it showed that some structures were banded together at 2/4 point from extreme fiber in the Z-direction from the microscopic tests and attention is needed to be paid in that point.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2020

In this study, we propose a new truss deckplate system, which does not require temporary floor supports during construction, with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) infilled top bars. The increased stiffness and strength of the proposed system were well retained as compared to those of the existing truss deckplate systems, thereby resulting in the reduction of maximum deflection at the span center. Four-point bending tests were performed on five specimens with a net span of 4.6 m to evaluate the structural performance of proposed system in the construction stage. In addition, the load-deflection curve was plotted for each specimen, and the effects of test parameters were analyzed. Further, a rigorous nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed, and its results were compared with the test results. From the results, it was observed that the test specimens of the proposed system exhibited superior performance as compared to those of the existing one and also satisfied the serviceability requirement during construction provided by the Korea Building Code 2016.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2018

Dynamic behaviour of beam carrying masses has attracted attention of many researchers and engineers. Many studies on the analytical solution of beam with concentric tip mass have been published. However, there are limited works on vibration analysis of beam with an eccentric three dimensional object. In this case, bending and torsional deformations of beam are coupled due to the boundary conditions. Analytical solution of equations of motion of the system is complicated and lengthy. Therefore, in this study, Differential Transform Method (DTM) is applied to solve the relevant equations. First, the Timoshenko beam with 3D tip attachment whose centre of gravity is not coincident with beam end point is considered. The beam is assumed to undergo bending in two orthogonal planes and torsional deformation about beam axis. Using Hamilton's principle the equations of motion of the system along with the possible boundary conditions are derived. Later DTM is applied to obtain natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system. According to the relevant literature DTM has not been applied to such a system so far. Moreover, the problem is modelled by Ansys, the well-known finite element method, and impact test is applied to extract experimental modal data. Comparing DTM results with finite element and experimental results it is concluded that the proposed approach produces accurate results.