• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

This study is designed to find out the role and relation of the Nemok-dori support members in order to clearly specify the structure of the Dapogye architecture which adopts the Nemok-dori. The dori at the eaves in the Dapogye architecture was expanded to include Oemok-dori, Jusim-dori and Nemok-dori in cooperation with the bracket. The Oemok-dori is used to lengthen the eaves and the Jusim-dori makes the reasonable transfer of loads while the Namok-dori contributes to the stability of the building through the balancing of the bracket. Nemok-dori is located higher than Oemok-dori or Jusim-dori, depending on the slope of Jangyeon and the distance of Chulmok. But as it is not directly supported by bracket or beam, it needs an independent support. The vertical support of Nemok-dori is selectively involved with Cheomcha, lower Jangyeo, support Wall and upper Jangyeo. As the time went by, the vertical height increased, thus making the omitted members less. The horizontal support of Nemok-dori is made in various ways. There are also special cases such as the Nemok-dori □ type chain structure for small rectangular buildings, the 'Nemok-dori = Jung-dori' type for the buildings having small sides and the 'Nemok-dori = Meongechangbang' type appearing on the lower part of the Bankanmulrim type middle height buildings. The horizontal support of Nemok-dori usually uses either the support of the Toeryang type member, the support of beam directed Hwaban or the support through overlaying of internal Jegong. As the time went by and the number and distance of Chulmok increased, the multiple support structures acted together rather than as one support structure. Nemok-dori got stabilized as it has both the vertical and horizontal supports and this support structure also has he role of decoration.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.2 s.23
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• pp.7-17
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is the analysis of 'perpendicular crossing Dori' with a structural character of Ddeulzip in Andong cultural area. There are many structural methods to solve the problems of Ddeuljip which is connected space in the rectangular type. There are 'Slope Base', 'Woosangak' roof, 'Seosangak' roof, and '4 beam roof framing' Moreover, they have been used 'perpendicular crossing Dori'. Its characters are as follows ; 1. The 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is occurred in different depth of width and length space of 'ㄱ' typed plan. At that time the beam of width is crossed in the middle of the beam of length without the order under them. 2. The 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is the method of free depth of width in regular distance of column which is different from general usage of balcony order. 3. The 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is founded north-western area of Andong Cultural Area(Bonghwa, Andong, Youngju, and Yeacheun). The best old sample was in Andong(16C) and the next is Yeacheun(17C) and the last is Bonghwa(18C). 4. The frequency in use of roof type of 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is 64% of 'Seosangak' and 36% of 'Woosangak'. The sample of 'Woosangak' house of 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is concentrated in Bonghwa. 5. The best merit of the 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is usage of double swing window in front of Anbang, It is the spacial success which overcomes the structural limits. And it is the structural rationality.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.117-128
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• 2019

The necessity of the Toi-Maru has increased greatly in order to enter to the building or to move conveniently in the building after the mid-Joseon period, when the combination of On-dol Ma-ru began to be universally used. According to this process, the 3-Dori type upper structure is thought to have undergone the typological changed by securing a more stable space of Toi-Maru In cases where a relatively large girder was used, it is often the case that the space is divided using a pillar to place a Toi-Maru on the front. However, it is difficult to find a case where the width of the Toi-Maru exceeds 1meter due to its structural limit. The type that made additional Toi-girder to overcome the spatial constraint of this structure and replaced the method of former typology after Mid-Jpseon period. In case of 5-Dori type, Toi-Maru installed in between high post and Toi post in early period. In these type, the width of Toi-Maru was subordinated by the location of milled Dori of roof structure and sometimes it became too excessive. 5-Dori type with Pyon-ju occurred to overcome these restriction between the width of Toi-Maru and the location of milled Dori of roof structure. Not a few remains of Mid-Jpseon period keeping the evidences of changing process of roof structure provoked by Toi-Maru installation. The consistent process of Toi-Maru installation and structural adjustment will be focused to consider the attempt to spatial requirement and architectural reaction in Mid-Joseon perid.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2024

The composition of the upper structure, which can be found in the 3-Dori type buildings in Yang-dong Village, varies significantly from time to time. The upper structure of the Gwan-ga-jeong, known as a house in the mid-Joseon Dynasty, consists of a basic 3-Dori type structure in which a beam is placed under 3-Dori and supported with two flat columns. On the other hand, the upper structure of I-hyang-jeong historic house, built in the 17th century, is different in that it has a stud between the two flat columns. The upper structure of Sa-ho-dang historic house, a 19th-century building is different from the upper structure of the buildings of the previous period in that three flat columns were used. As such, the difference in the composition method of the upper structure according to the construction period is closely related to the introduction of the Toi-maru, which is mainly explained by the boundary space. In addition, it can be expected that the introduction of the Toi-maru originated from the influence of the change in the plan. This study was conducted to examine the correlation between the plan and the composition of the boundary space through various typology of the 3-Dori upper structure distributed intensively in Yang-dong Village.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to classify types of the eaves structure of buildings with the Jusimpo-type structure and to analyze the characteristics of each eaves structure. For this objective, forty buildings were selected and investigated. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First, the main members of framework which handle a load burden on the long-rafter(長椽) are classified as the Jusim-dori(柱心道里) and the Oemok-dori(外目道里). Based on the method of handling a load, the eaves structure is classified into three types; the Jusim-processing-type(柱心中心形), the Oemok-processing-type(外目中 心形), and the Oemok-processing-variant-type(外目中心變異形). The Jusim-processing-type is the set where the internal length of a long-rafter is longer than the length of the eaves on the basis of the center of a column. The Oemok-processing-type is the set where the external length of a long-rafter is longer than the internal length of it. And the Oemok-processing-variant-type is the set where the internal length of a long-rafter is longer than the external length of it, but it is shorter than the length of the eaves which includes the extruded length of a Buyeon(浮椽). Second, the Jusim-processing-type had been generally adopted in the Jusimpo-type structure of the Goryeo Dynasty. But since the 17th century, the Oemok-processing-type had the highest application rate. Third, the change from the Jusimdori-processing-structure to the Oemokdori-processing-structure means that the long-rafter is moved to the direction of outside of the building, and thus the Jung-dori(中道里) is gradually moved to the column center. And, the change of the eaves with the Jusimpo-type structure was not a process for increasing the length of the eaves but a process for adopting the advantages of the Dapo-type structure by changing the arrangement of purlin. Fourth, the change from the Jusimpo-type structure to the Dapo-type structure could be understood as a process for moving the main point for handling a load from the Jusim-dori to the Oemok-dori.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2023

Most of the changes found on the toi-maru of the Sang-chun-heon Historic House indicate that the upper structure of the toi-maru of the late Joseon Dynasty houses where toi-bo was installed was not completed in an instant. Toi-maru with stud is especially typical in 3-Dori type Structure, and can be found in many historic houses in Yang-dong Village, where the many 3-Dori type Structure is located. This type can be interpreted as the intermediate type that began at the eaves was settled as a toi-maru with a separate toi-bo. It seems that the toi-maru in front of the on-dol room at the time of the construction of the Sang-chun-heon historic house would not have been the same as it is now. The members dividing the on-dol room, the walls, and the various incomplete appearances seen in the window composition can be construed as traces of the change. The fact that all three types of houses that occurred during the spread of toi-maru after the mid-Joseon Dynasty can be examined can be added to the existing evaluation of cultural property houses in Yang-dong Village.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

This study was conducted to examine the architectural characteristics of Hak-seong Lee Family's Geun-jae-gong Historic House located in Seok-cheon-ri, Ung-chon-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan. The house is said to have been rebuilt in the early 20th century after it was built in the 18th century, and now there are nine buildings left, including the An-chae, Sa-rang-chae, Sa-dang, storehouses and etc. This house is a large-scale house that is difficult to find similar cases in near region. The division of areas on each building is clear, and it is evaluated that it retains the typical characteristics of the head family in the late Joseon Dynasty in terms of its overall size and layout. In addition, the current wooden structure, which is said to have been rebuilt in the early 20th century, shows the composition method and space utilization method of the 3-Dori type upper structure, which have become more diverse since the late Joseon Dynasty. This has not been dealt with in the previous survey, and should be considered in detail through this paper.