• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2001

A new neurological mutant has been found in the ICR outbred strain mouse. Affected mice display profound deafness and a head-tossing and bidirectional circling behavior, showing an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. It was, therefore, named cir/Kr with the gene symbol cir. The auditory tests identified clearly the hearing loss of the cir mice when compared to wild type mice. Pathological studies confirmed the developmental defects in the middle ear, cochlea, cochlear nerve, and semicircular canal areas, which were correlated to the abnormal behavior observed in the cir mice. Thus, cir mice may be useful as a model for studying inner ear abnormalities and deafness. We have constructed a genetic linkage map by positioning 14 microsatellite markers across the (cir) region and intraspecific backcross between cir and C57BL/6J mice. The cir mouse harbors an autosomal recessive mutation on mouse chromosome 9. The cir gene was mapped to a region between D9Mit116 and D9Mit38 Estimated distances between cir and D9Mit116, and between cir and D9Mit38 are 0.7 and 0.2 cM, respectively. The gene in order was defines : centromere-D9Mit182-D9Mit51/D9Mit79/D9Mit310-D9Mit212/D9Mit184-D9Mit116-cir-D9Mit38-D9Mit20-D9Mit243-D9Mit16-D9Mit55/D9Mit125-D9Mit281. The mouse map location of the cir locus appears to be in a region homologous to human 3q21. Our present date suggest that the nearest flanking marker D9Mit38 provides a useful anchor for the isolation of the cir gene in a yeast artificial chromosome contig.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2021

Researches using UAVs are being actively conducted in the field of quickly constructing 3D spatial information in small areas. In this study, without using ground control points, a stereo camera was mounted on a UAV to collect images and quickly construct three-dimensional positions through image matching, bundle adjustment, and the determination of a scale factor. Through the experiment, when bundle adjustment was performed using stereo constraints, the root mean square error was 1.475m, and when absolute orientation was performed in consideration of a scale, it was found to be 0.029m. Through this, it was found that when using the data processing method of a UAV equipped with a stereo camera proposed in this study, high-accuracy 3D spatial information can be constructed without using ground control points.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.447-454
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 사용자의 가상환경 내의 위치 정보에 대한 감각을 향상시키는 방법론으로서 햅틱 피드백(haptic feedback)과 사운드 피드백(sound feedback)의 모달리티를 활용한 그리드(grid)를 제안한다. 제안된 그리드는 사용자의 3차원 공간 내의 움직임(explorative procedure)에 추가적인 비 시각적인(non-visual) 위치정보 피드백을 부여하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 햅틱 모달리티를 활용한 3차원 그리드는 SensAble사의 PHANTOM(R) Omni$^{TM}$ 를 활용하여 설계되었으며, 사운드 모달리티를 활용한 경우 저주파 배경음의 주파수 특성(frequency characteristics of sound source)을 사용자 손의 공간 좌표값에 근거하여 재생 시의 표본 추출 비율(sampling rate)를 연속적으로 바꾸는 방식으로 설계되었다. 이러한 공간 그리드는 두 모달리티 각각의 독립적인 제시 및 동시 제시/제거를 통해 평가되었으며, 동시 제시의 경우 두 모달리티간의 어긋남(cross-modal asynchrony)이 없도록 설계되어 사용자의 공간 작업 시 모달리티간의 조화 (manipulating congruency)를 확보할 수 있도록 하였다. 실험을 통해 얻어진 결과는 그것의 통계적 유의미성을 분석하기 위해 다원변량분석과 사후검증(Turkey. HSD)을 거쳐 해석이 되었다. 공간 내 특정 좌표 선택을 기준으로 하는 그리드의 사용자 평과 결과, 3차원 내의 움직임에 대해 햅틱 및 사운드 피드백의 비 시각적 피드백은 사용자의 공간 작업의 오차를 줄여 주고 있음이 확인되었다. 특히 시각적인 정보만으로 확인하기 어려운 Z축 상의 움직임은 그리드의 도움으로 그 오차정도가 50% 이상 줄어 드는 것으로 확인되었다(F=19.82, p<0.01). 이러한 시각적 정보를 보존하는 햅틱, 사운드 피드백 방식을 HCI의 중요한 요소인 사용성과 유용성과 연관시켜 MMHCI(multimodal human-computer interaction) 방법론으로의 적용 가능성을 검토해 본다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2018

Recently, GPS(Global Positioning System) array antenna technology is generally used and widely adopted as a national infrastructure structure and aero-vehicles for protection the GPS signal reception. Until now, the 2-dimensional planar array is universally used for its applications in the array antenna signal processing, however relatively higher altitude air vehicles such as UAV experiences additional null zones induced by low altitude GPS interferences which is located in a symmetry zone of antenna horizontal plane and this could make the receiving antenna pattern coverage reduction. In this paper, we improved 20% of the beam pattern receiving performance and 13 dB correlation value improvement by eliminating the interference mirror images.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.14
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• 2024

Background: Sufficient surgical resection is necessary for effective tumor control, but is usually limited for vertebral tumors, especially in the cervical spine in small animal neurosurgery. Objective: To evaluate the primary stability and safety of customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants for cervical spine reconstruction after total vertebrectomy. Methods: Customized guides and implants were designed based on computed tomography (CT) imaging of five beagle cadavers and were 3D-printed. They were used to reconstruct C5 after total vertebrectomy. Postoperative CT images were obtained to evaluate the safety and accuracy of screw positioning. After harvesting 10 vertebral specimens (C3-C7) from intact (group A) and implanted spines (group B), implant stability was analyzed using a 4-point bending test comparing with groups A and C (reconstituted with plate and pins/polymethylmethacrylate after testing in Group A). Results: All customized implants were applied without gross neurovascular damage. In addition, 90% of the screws were in a safe area, with 7.5% in grade 1 (< 1.3 mm) and 2.5% in grade 2 (> 1.3 mm). The mean entry point and angular deviations were 0.81 ± 0.43 mm and 6.50 ± 5.11°, respectively. Groups B and C significantly decreased the range of motion (ROM) in C3-C7 compared with intact spines (p = 0.033, and 0.018). Both groups reduced overall ROM and neutral zone in C4-C6, but only group B showed significance (p = 0.005, and 0.027). Conclusion: Customized 3D-printed implants could safely and accurately replace a cervical vertebra in dog cadavers while providing primary stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1999

The study about quantitative or qualitative analysis of object using digital image is being progressed actively with the development of the image medium and image process technique. But, it is very high that the dependency about image acquisition system of high resolution for image analysis of high accuracy and it is a equipment of high-price. In this study, I extracted the optimum condition of image enhancement by analyzing and enhancing the multiple images which were acquired by system of low-price. And I carried out the analysis of 3D accuracy by being applied the optimum condition of image enhancement. In the result of analysis of average 3D positioning error using law image and enhanced image which is acquired by applying the optimum condition of image enhancement, I could obtain the progressed accuracy about 10％ on the enhanced image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2002

This paper describes the positioning accuracies for single and multiple reference stations at fixed stations in Yosu harbor and Pukyong National University in the south coast of Korea from Jan. to Oct. 2001. Also we observed the change of positioning accuracy during a day and the available range of the DGPS reference station. he results obtained are main summarized as follows; 1. With single DGPS reference station, 2drms and the average positioning .error were 5.6m, 7.3m respectively. Measurement positions indicated an incline toward one way away from the actual position. 2. With multiple DGPS reference stations, 2drms and the average position error were 5.5m, 3.2m for the arithmetic mean, respectively. They were 5.3m, 3.8m for the weighted average, respectively. As far as the separation between the user and the reference station, using multiple reference stations improved position accuracy more than using single reference station. 3. The average positioning error increased between 16: 00 and 22 : 00. The average number of observed satellite and HDOP were 7.1m, 0.49 respectively. 4. Coverage of DGPS reference stations in the south coast of Korea was estimated to be 110nm. Signal strength and signal to noise ratio was not available the DGPS signal below 19㏈, 8㏈ respectively.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.700-710
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• 2009

A computer vision technique of estimating the location of an unmanned ground vehicle is proposed. Identifying the location of the unmaned vehicle is very important task for automatic navigation of the vehicle. Conventional positioning sensors may fail to work properly in some real situations due to internal and external interferences. Given a DSM(Digital Surface Map), location of the vehicle can be estimated by the registration of the DSM and multiview range images obtained at the vehicle. Registration of the DSM and range images yields the 3D transformation from the coordinates of the range sensor to the reference coordinates of the DSM. To estimate the vehicle position, we first register a range image to the DSM coarsely and then refine the result. For coarse registration, we employ a fast random sample matching method. After the initial position is estimated and refined, all subsequent range images are registered by applying a pair-wise registration technique between range images. To reduce the accumulation error of pair-wise registration, we periodically refine the registration between range images and the DSM. Virtual environment is established to perform several experiments using a virtual vehicle. Range images are created based on the DSM by modeling a real 3D sensor. The vehicle moves along three different path while acquiring range images. Experimental results show that registration error is about under 1.3m in average.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2007

An experiment to acoustically analyze the shape of gill-net in the current was conducted in Jaran Bay, Gosung, Korea on the 9th to 10th September(spring tide) and 28th to 29th September(neap tide) 2006. It was measured by a 3D underwater positioning system with a radio-acoustic linked positioning buoys. Six of 7 acoustic transmitters used in the experiment were attached on the float line of the gill-net and the other was fixed on the sea bed. During spring tide, the maximum movement of the gill-net was 27.0m(22:00) in the west(4.4cm/s, $311.9^{\circ}$) and 20.6m(04:00) in the east(3.9cm/s, $66.5^{\circ}$). The maximum extension of the gill-net(the distance between P1 and P6) was 119.8m(21:00, 11.6cm/s, $321.9^{\circ}$) and the minimum was 109.9m(23:00, 16.1cm/s, $88.5^{\circ}$). During neap tide, the maximum movement was 38.0m(20:00) in the east(9.6cm/s, $278.2^{\circ}$) and 11.0m(12:00) in the west(1.9cm/s, $232.1^{\circ}$). The maximum extension was 99.6m(14:00, 12.5cm/s, $94.7^{\circ}$) and the minimum was 85.0m(06:00, 9.0cm/s, $265.8^{\circ}$). During spring tide, the maximum height of the gill-net from the sea bed was 3.7m(02:00, 7.4cm/s, $151.6^{\circ}$) and the minimum was produced the three times as 1.5m. At that time, the current speed and direction was 17.9cm/s and $85.3^{\circ}$(23:30), 16.1cm/s and $249.4^{\circ}$(05:00), and 13.7cm/s and $291.4^{\circ}$(06:30), respectively. During neap tide, the maximum height was 3.6m(12:30, 2.1cm/s, $242.3^{\circ}$) and the minimum was 1.5m(14:00, 12.5cm/s, $94.7^{\circ}$).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

Multilateration(MLAT) is commonly used in civil and military surveillance applications to accurately locate an aircraft, vehicle or stationary emitter. MLAT calculates the TDOA of signals by transmitted aircraft and determines the aircraft's location. With more than four receivers it is possible to estimate the 3D position of the aircraft by calculating the intersection of the resulting hyperbolas and the system integrity. In this study, our objectives are to apply MLAT technique to Jeju terminal control area and to propose a MLAT receiver network to properly estimate the positions of aircraft approaching this area. Based on computer simulations, we determine locations of ground receivers in Jeju terminal control area, calculate estimated position errors of the aircraft with respect to the selected receiver networks, and find the best receiver network with the least position error.