• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2009

여러 시점에서 계측한 3차원 데이터를 통합하는 기술은 3차원 모델링에 매우 중요한 기술이다. 기존의 표면(Surface)통합 방법들은 정합오차와 잡음에 민감하다. 본 논문에서는 표면의 지역적 지형을 이용하는 표면통합 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 먼저 인접한 표면 사이에서 일정 지형적 조건을 만족하는 외곽정점의 쌍, 즉 대응정점을 찾아 표면 사이의 지역을 여러 지역으로 구분한다. 다음으로 주성분 분석(PCA)을 통해 각 지역에 대한 최접합 평면(Best Pitting Plane)을 계산하여 표면 사이에 삽입될 삼각형의 생성에 이용한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 지역적 단위로 지형을 이용하여 인접한 표면을 통합하기 때문에 정합오차와 잡음에 강건하다. 본 논문에서는 또한 변수화(Parameterization)기술을 이용하는 질감(Texture)통합 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 통합된 표면을 각 표면의 초기시점으로 변환하고 해당 시점의 질감영상을 투영한다. 투영된 질감영상들을 통합된 표면의 2차원 변수화 표면에 할당하여 표면들이 통합된 이음새를 따라 통합한다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법이 얼굴모델링에 효율적임을 보인다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.818-828
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• 2016

This paper proposes a reusable design for the merging process used in three-dimensional High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC), which can significantly reduce the implementation complexity by eliminating duplicated module redundancies. The majority of inter-prediction coding tools used in 3D-HEVC are utilized through a merge mode, whose extended merging process is based on built-in integration to completely wrap around the HEVC merging process. Consequently, the implementation complexity is unavoidably very high. To facilitate easy market implementation, the design of a legacy codec should be reused in an extended codec if possible. The proposed 3D-HEVC merging process is divided into the base merging process of reusing HEVC modules and reprocessing process of refining the existing processes that have been newly introduced or modified for 3D-HEVC. To create a reusable design, the causal and mutual dependencies between the newly added modules for 3D-HEVC and the reused HEVC modules are eliminated, and the ineffective methods are simplified. In an application of the proposed reusable design, the duplicated reimplementation of HEVC modules, which account for 50.7% of the 3D-HEVC merging process, can be eliminated while maintaining the same coding efficiency. The proposed method has been adopted as a normative coding tool in the 3D-HEVC international standard.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2019

3D file formats typically include OBJ (Wavefront file format), STL (STereoLithography), and FBX (Filmbox). Each format has limitations depending on its configuration and usage, and supported formats are different depending on the software application. glTF helps uniform integration of 3D file formats and allows for more efficient transmission of large 3D geometry files by organizing them in a binary format. This paper presents explanation on OBJ, FBX, and STL which are major examples of existing 3D file formats. It also explains the concept and characteristics of glTF and compares its performance with other 3D file formats on the web. The loading time and packets of each 3D file format are measured according to the web browser environment by means of Google Chrome, Firefox and Microsoft Edge. Experimental results show that glTF is the most efficient and that it exhibits the best performance. As to STL, relatively excessive traffic was observed. This study is expected to contribute to reducing rendering time on the web as 3D file formats are used.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.168-181
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the Enneagram personality types of nursing students. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from 225 nursing students living in D city from 14, November to 17, November in 2005. The data collected were analyzed using frequency, percent with SPSS. The findings of this study were as follows : In the nine Enneagram personality types, type 9 was highly measured and the next order was type 1, 4, 7, 2, 8, 6, 5, 3. In the triadic center of Enneagram personality types, gut type was highly measured. The next order was heart type and head type. In the wing, 9W1 was highly measured and the next order was 1W9 and 'both wing is equal'. In the disruption and integration, the disruption rather than integration was highly measured. In the disruption and integration according to personality types, the integration rather than disruption was highly measured in type 2, 6, 1. In the disruption and integration according to triadic center, the disruption was highly measured in gut type and the integration was highly measured in heart type and head type. The most development level was level 5. The next order was level 6, 4, 7, 3. There was no one present in level 1, 2, 8, 9. The results of this study suggest that there is need of individual guide considering Enneagram personality types in nursing students. We need to develop various group counseling program related to Enneagram personality types.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2006

In this work, we demonstrate a novel compact mechanical beam steering transmitter based on a direct vertical integration of a 2-D MEMS-based mechanical beam steering antenna with a VCO on a single silicon platform. By eliminating the long feed lines and waveguide metal blocks, the radiation pattern has been improved vastly, resulting in an almost ideal pattern at every scan angle. The losses incurred by the feed lines and phase shifters are also eliminated, which allows the transmitter to be implemented using only a single VCO. The system complexity has been greatly reduced with a total module size of only 1.5 cm ${\times}$ 1.5 cm ${\times}$ 0.4 cm. This work demonstrates that RF MEMS can be a key enabling technology for high-level integration.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 1999

In this paper, an integrated S/W system from CAD to optimal design has been suggested and an application to a precision machine tool structure shown. The integrated system is so designed to reduce manual interfacing effort. An object-oriented programming language is used for combining 3-D CAD program, FEM and optimal design tools. In this system parametric modelling technique is applied and users can get the optimum design iteratively without much user intervention. The CAD model is automatically updated when the design parameters are transferred back to the CAD program. Not only design time can be dramatically reduced but unnecessary operation errors avoided by the integration.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.637-638
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• 2015

There has been growing interests in life-cycle project management in the construction industry. A lot of attention is given to Building Information Modeling (BIM) which stores and uses a variety of construction information for the life cycle of project management. However, due to the additional workload arising from BIM, its expected effects versus its input costs are still under discussion in practice. As an attempt to address this issue, one of previous studies suggested an automated linking process by developing Standard Classification Numbering System (SCNS) and Geometry Breakdown Structure (GBS) to enhance the efficiency of integration process of BIM objects, cost, and schedule. Though SCNS and GBS facilitates identifying all different dataset, making object sets and linking schedule activities still needs to be manually done without having an automated tool. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a fully automated integration system for 3D-objects, cost, and schedule. A prototype system for single family homes (Hanok) was developed and tested in order to verify its efficiency.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1990

동지나해의 어업자원량을 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 시도로서, 부산수산대학교와 일본 북해도대학이 공동으로 실시한 제1차 동지나해의 저서어족자원조사중에서 계량어군탐지기를 이용하여 수집한 각종의 기초자료를 분석, 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동지나해의 24회 조사 Line에서 저층 Trawl에 의해 어획된 어종수는 총 96어종이고, 1시간 예망당 평균어획량은 58.8kg/hour이었다. 2. 저층 Trawl을 행한 수탐층(약 4.5m)에 분포하는 어군의 평균체적산란강도는 25KHz와 100KHz에서 각각 -63.9dB, -67.3dB로서 저주파수의 경우가 고주파수보다 약 3.4dB 더 높았다. 3. 전수탐층(송수파기과 해저간)에 분포하는 어군의 평균체적산란강도는 25KHz와 100KHz에서 각각 -61.9dB, -67.0dB로서 역시 저주파수의 경우가 고주파수보다 약 1.5dB 더 높았다. 4. 저층 Trawl을 행한 수탐층에 분포하는 어군의 평균체적산란강도(SV, dB)와 이 때 어획된 전위제적당의 평균어획량(kg)으로부터 추정한 kg당의 평균반사강도는 25KHz와 100KHz에서 각각 -23.6dB/kg, -26.3dB/kg로서 저주파수의 경우가 고주파수보다 약 2.7dB/kg 더 컸다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

재난 현장의 붕괴된 건물 아래의 매몰자를 탐지하기 위해서는 구조 업무를 수행하는 인력이나 관리자가 현장의 실제 붕괴 정도 및 현재 상태를 신속하게 파악하여야 구조 업무가 순조롭게 진행될 수 있다. 하지만 붕괴 현장의 경우 사람의 접근 시 추가 붕괴의 위험 등으로 사건이 발생한 부분에 접근이 어려워 현장의 정보를 쉽게 파악하기 어렵다. 또한 제한된 인원으로 인하여 붕괴 현장에 매몰된 사람들의 위치를 파악하는 일 역시 힘든 일이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위하여 스테레오 비전 카메라를 장착한 무인비행장치 혹은 드론을 활용하여 붕괴지형의 정보를 파악하고자 한다. 스테레오 비전 카메라를 장착한 무인비행장치 제작을 위한 필요 기술 도출 및 제작 방법론 설명을 통해 붕괴지형 정보 획득을 위한 하드웨어 관련 기술을 제시하고자 한다. 다음으로 무인비행장치를 활용하여 획득한 자료를 바탕으로 붕괴지형을 3차원으로 모델링하는 과정을 통하여 본 연구에서 개발한 기기의 활용 가능성을 검증하고자 한다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

In case of applying the BIM method in the civil engineering of irregularly shaped structure, BIM method began to be introduced in the current building engineering area compared with the expected effects of the relatively high construction productivity has been recognized. In this paper, I have developed quantity calculation algorithms applying it to earthwork and bridge construction, tunnel construction, retaining wall construction, culvert construction and implemented BIM based 3D-BIM Modeling quantity calculation. Structure work in which errors occurred in range between -6.28% ~ 5.17%. Especially, understanding of the problem and improvement of the existing 2D-CAD based of quantity calculation through rock type quantity calculation error in range of -14.36% ~ 13.07% of earthwork quantity calculation. It's benefit and applicability of BIM method in civil engineering. In addition, routine method for quantity of earthwork has the same error tolerance negligible for that of structure work. But, rock type's quantity calculated as the error appears significantly to the reliability of 2D-based volume calculation shows that the problem could be. Through the estimating quantity of earthwork based 3D-BIM, proposed method has better reliability than routine method. BIM, as well as the design, construction, maintenance levels of information when you consider the benefits of integration, the introduction of BIM design in civil engineering and the possibility of applying for the effectiveness was confirmed. In addition, as the beginning phase of information integration, quantity document automation program has been developed for activation of BIM. And automatically enter the program code number, linkage and manual volume calculation program, quantity document automation programs, such as the development is now underway, and step-by-step procedures and methods are presented.