• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data and cut-off points for older Korean adults completing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K), which is used as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment in Korea. Methods : A total of 195 healthy adults ≥60 years were recruited. All participants completed the MoCA-K and the Korean - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into six groups based on their age: 60-64 years, 65~69 years, 70~74 years, 75~79 years, 80~84 years, and 85~89 years. Results : The results revealed that MoCA-K score decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.63±2.80 in subjects aged 60~64 years; 27.00±2.39 in subjects aged 65~69 years; 24.94±2.96 in subjects aged 70~74 years; 24.74±3.37 in subjects aged 75~79 years; 22.59±4.72 in subjects aged 80~84 years; and 18.83±5.38 in subjects aged 85~89 years; p<.001). Additionally, MoCA-K score also increased significantly with educational level (mean score±standard deviation [SD]; 19.95±4.78 in no formal education group; 24.95±2.22 in elementary school graduated group; 26.35±2.72 in middle school graduated group; 28.32±1.36 in high school graduated group; and 28.50±1.51 in more than college graduated group; p<.001). The optimal cut-off points were 24/25 for 60~69 years old group, 21/22 for 70~79 years old group, 17/18 for 80~84 years old group, and 13/14 for 85~89 years old group. The optimal cut-off points were 15/16 for individuals who were illiterate, 22/23 for individuals with 6 years of education, 22/24 for individuals with 9 years of education, and 26/27 for individuals with 12 or more years of education. Conclusions : This study presents normative data and cut-off points for the MoCA-K in older Korean adults. This data will facilitate more accurate detection and follow-up of the risk of mild cognitive impairment in this population, taking into consideration age and education. Future studies are required that should focus on the cut-off score on the level of education according to age.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2012

Based on results using factor analysis, Women's definition of "Ideal beauty" can be materialize into four key factors, "Confident beauty", "Graceful beauty", "Lively beauty", and "Genuine beauty". Factor analysis was conducted to materialize Women's definition of "Ideal beauty"and the above four factors were representative of 56.31% of total variance. "Ideal beauty" defined by age category was also found significant difference, indicating existence of different "Ideal beauty "definition for age groups. Itemized age category's "Ideal beauty" definitions are as follows, 18-22 years, bright and lively, 23-27 years, cute and confident, 28-32 years, sensible and confident 33-37 years, hard-working, 38-42 years, ability and composure, 43-47 years, casual and graceful, 48-52 years, refined and noble, 53 years and above, healthy and proper as "Ideal beauty" definitions. The defined "ideal beauty" was steadily shifted with age group. Women 38 years and younger were defined external attributes to "Ideal beauty", as women 38 years and older were defined inner attributes to "Ideal beauty". Women's definition of "Ideal beauty" can materialize into four key factors, "Confident beauty", "Graceful beauty", "Lively beauty", and "Genuine beauty".

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the anthropometric characteristics of US women 26 to 45 years of age to classify their body shapes into different categories. Research data was obtained from 2950 women 26 to 45 years of age who participated in the SizeUSA study. A 26 to 35 years of age group and a 36 to 45 years of age group were selected from the data pool. A total of 26 measurements important for body shape classification and for apparel product development was used for the data analysis. Five factors accounted for the US women's body measurements. The body shapes of women were categorized into 4 types: Obese A-Shape, Overweight Y-Shape, Obese H-Shape, and Normal S-Shape. Normal S-Shape was the most common body shape type. More women in the 26 to 35 years of age group had Normal S-Shape type than women in the 36 to 45 years of age group. More women in the 36 to 45 years of age group had Obese A-Shape, Overweight Y-Shape, and Obese H-Shape than women in the 26 to 35 years of age group. Younger US women, 26 to 35 years of age had slimmer body sizes with more balanced body shapes; however, older US women, 36 to 45 years of age had larger body sizes with more various body shapes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.86-91
• /
• 1985

A clinical analysis was performed on 11 cases of metastatic lung cancer experienced at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during the 15 year period from 1970 to 1984. Of the 1lpatients of metastatic lung cancer, 4 patients were male and 7 patients were female and the age ranged from 27 years to 60 years old with the average of 38.8 years old. The sites of primary tumor were uterus and ovary in 5 patients, breast in 2, sarcoma in 2, rectum in 1 and testis in l.\ulcorner Tumor free intervals in each patients were as followed; unrecognition of primary site in 2 patients, simultaneous discovery of primary tumor and metastasis in 3, 14 months in 1, 4 years in 4 and 5 years in Twelve thoracotomies were performed in 11 patients and performed procedures were as followed; pneumonectomy in 1 patient, lobectomy in 7, wedge resection in 2, decortication and wedge resection in 1 and biopsy only in 1. Of the 11 patients, 4 patients died within one year after operation, 2 patients died within 2 years and 2 patients are alive over 5 years after operations. Other 3 patients are alive 2 months, 4 months and 9 months after operation at present.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.141
• /
• pp.181-185
• /
• 1981

In this study an attempt has been made to throw some light on the problem of the mandibular third molar on measurement made from 302 orthopantomograms of patients at the age of 8 to 20 years. The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the present study. 1. The amount of growth from the lower first molar to the anterior border of the ramus from 8 years to 14 years was 7.9mm in the male and 7.5mm in the female. The growth from 15years 20 years was 4.5mm in the male and 2.6mm in the female. 2. The growth from the lower first molar to the posterior border of the ramus from 8 years to 14 years was 10mm in the male and 9.8mm in the female. The growth occurred after that was 5.8mm in the male and 2.0mm in the female. 3. The difference between A and C measurements for the various age groups remained fairly constant in the male and female.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2012

The management and the use of major mineral nutriments such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, etc have been practiced and improved in various cultivating methods of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The purposes of this study were to examine the content of major mineral nutrients on different ginseng aging from 1 to 6 years old, to analyze their uptake and utilization in tissues of ginseng, and to find out their proper managing techniques throughout the cultivation of ginseng. In case of the leaves, the N content was not clearly different from 1 to 6 years old, while the content of P and K was generally decreased throughout the cultivating years. In case of the roots, the content of N and K was gradually decreased from 1 to 6 years old, while the P content was increased until 3 years old, decreased at 4 years old, increased again at 5 years old, and decreased again at 6 years old. The uptake amount of N was increased in root of ginseng from 1 to 6 years old, 0.02 to 2.79kg/10a based on dry weight, respectively. Other minerals of P, K, Ca, and Mg were increased for the cultivating year. Comparing the uptake amounts of N, P, K with different cultivating year, they were the highest uptake amount at 4 years old and then were decreased. The management techniques of major mineral in cultivation of ginseng would be studied and evaluated more in order to have better ginseng production.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE. A large number of studies have suggested the practicability and predictability of immediate implant function, but few studies have reported marginal bone level changes during sequential loading periods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal bone remodeling of immediately loaded self-tapping implants both at each time point and during each loading period between two time points. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The patients included in this retrospective study were treated with immediately loaded NobelSpeedy Replace implants between August 2008 and July 2009. Differences in the marginal bone level (MBL) at each time point and the marginal bone level change (ΔMBL) between two time points were analyzed with Bonferroni correction (P < .05). RESULTS. Overall, 24 patients (mean age, 47.3 ± 12.8 years) with 42 immediately loaded implants and a median follow-up of 6.5 years (IQR, 67.8 months) were included. The cumulative survival rate after 10 - 12 years was 95.2%. Continuous but slow marginal bone loss was observed during long-term follow-up. MBL at both 7.5 years and 11 years was significantly lower than that at loading, 6 months, 2 years and 4 years (P < .05). No bone loss difference was found in any period before 4 years of follow up (P > .05). The loading period of 4 years to 7.5 years showed the largest ΔMBL compared to those of other time periods (P < .05). CONCLUSION. Slight bone loss occurred continuously, and more radical changes of marginal bone can be observed during the period of 4-7.5 years. Thus, long-term effective follow-up of immediately loaded implants is needed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.231-239
• /
• 2009

The study distributed the total 210 questionnaires to women of childbearing age in Seoul, Gyeonggi and North Chungcheng from March 26, 2008 to April 16, 2008 and made them draw up them directly. The study applied 208 copies excepting two copies not suitable to data process to data analysis. The purpose of the study was to investigate/analyze awareness of dental treatment, oral health conditions and oral health management during the period of pregnancy and to serve the analyzed data as basic data of oral health education program development to improve expectant mothers' behaviors of oral health management: 1. According to the survey by age with regard to a question 'Should expectant mothers take dental treatment during the period of pregnancy?', women of 18~29 years old (41.9%) and more than 50 years old (52.0%) answered 'They should not take dental treatment'. Women of 30~39 years old (53.6%) and 40~49 years old (54.7%) answered 'They should take dental treatment'. According to pregnant experience, expectant mothers (63.9%) and women with their parity (46.3%) answered 'They should take dental treatment'. 34.8% women without their parity answered 'They should take dental treatment' and 34.8% women with Out their parity answered 'They should not take dental treatment'(p < 0.05). 2. According to the survey by age with regard to a question 'Do you brush your teeth lifter having morning sickness during the period of pregnancy?', women of 18~29 years old (67.3%), 30~39 years old (47.3%) answered 'Brush my teeth' and women of 40~49 years old (51.0%) and more than 50 years old (52.0%) answered 'Don't brush my teeth'(p < 0.001). According to pregnant experience, expectant mothers (72.2%) and women with their parity (43.0%) answered 'Brush my teeth'(p < 0.05). 3. With regard to a question 'Are oral aid hygiene supplies required?', women of 18~29 years old (47.3%) and 30~39 years old (46.4%) answered 'Required' and women of 40~49 years old (41.5%) and more than 50 years old (48.0%) answered 'do not know'(p < 0.05). 4. According to the survey by age with regard to a question 'What are you anxious about during the period of dental treatment?', women of more than 50 years old (56.0%) answered 'Expenses' and women of 18~29 years old (39.2%), 30~39 years old (44.6%) and 40~49 years old (41.5%) answered 'Pain'(p < 0.05). According to pregnant experience, expectant mothers answered 'Pain (38.9%), abort ion (27.8%) and expenses (22.2%)' and women with their parity, answered 'Pain (45.0%), expenses (22.8%) and abortion (14.8%). Women without their parity answered 'Expenses (52.2%) and pain (13.0%)'(p < 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.190-196
• /
• 1983

This experiment was carried out to compare the change of muscle protein compositions, amino acid compositions of muscle protein, and free amino acid compositions by age of the Israeli strain of common carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus. Protein compositions of the muscle were: sarcoplasmic protein $25.8-27.2\%$, myofibrillar protein $62.3-56.2\%$, residual intracellular protein $9.6-13.2\%$ and stroma $2.3-2.9\%$. In between 1 year and 3 years, there were differences as follows; myofibrillar protein in 1 year was much than 3 years, and other proteins in 3 years were much than 1 year. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sarcoplasmic protein of the samples in 1 year an 3 years were composed of 11 subunits and 10 subunits, respectively. And appeared 210,000 dalton component in 1 year but did not appeared in 3 years. Myofibrillar protein was composed of 23 subunits in both 1 year and 3 years but the differences of subunits by age were not observed. No differences were observed by age in the composition of myofibrillar protein and residual intracellular protein. Amino acid composition of muscle protein in both 1 year and 3 years were no differences to each other, but the contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine were higher than other amino acids. The amount of total free amino acid in 1 year was much than in 3 years.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2016

Objectives: As a preliminary study on the prevalence of mental disorders in Korean children and adolescents, we investigated the diagnosis distribution of mental disorders in people under 19 years of age using the health insurance data. Methods: From the 2011 health insurance data of 1,375,842 people, the data of 286,465 people under 19 years old were extracted. Among them, we selected 10,778 with psychiatric diagnoses; male 6,453 (59.9%) and female 4,325 (40.1%). The frequency of psychiatric diagnoses in the males was 10,140 (62.7%) cases, which was significantly higher than that (6,031; 37.3%) in the females. We categorized the groups into 3 year intervals. Results: In the males under 3 years old, F80 was the most prevalent diagnosis, followed by F98. F90 and F41 were the most prevalent in the 4-15 and above 16 years old groups, respectively. In the females, F98 was the most prevalent in the children up to 3 years old, while F80 was the second most prevalent. In the 4-6 years of age group, F98 was the most prevalent, followed by F93. F90 and F41 were predominant in the 7-12 and above 12 years old groups, respectively. Conclusion: In the analysis of the frequency of diagnosis of mental disorders in the population under 19 years old, there were significant differences in the distribution based on age and gender.