• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.135-154
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• 2011

The great discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has revolutionized current cell biology and medical science. miRNAs are small conserved non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3' untranslated region of specific messenger RNAs for degradation or translational repression. New members of the miRNA family are being discovered on a daily basis and emerging evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play a major role in a wide range of developmental process including cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis, developmental timing, neuronal cell fate, neuronal gene expression, brain morphogenesis, muscle differentiation and stem cell division. Moreover, a large number of studies have reported links between alterations of miRNA homeostasis and pathological conditions such as cancer, psychiatric and neurological diseases, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease. Interestingly, in addition, miRNA deficiencies or excesses have been correlated with a number of clinically important diseases ranging from cancer to myocardial infarction. miRNAs can repress the gene translation of hundreds of their targets and are therefore well-positioned to target a multitude of cellular mechanisms. As a consequence of extensive participation in normal functions, it is quite logical to ask the question if abnormalities in miRNAs should have importance in human diseases. Great discoveries and rapid progress in the past few years on miRNAs provide the hope that miRNAs will in the near future have a great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Currently, an explosive literature has focussed on the role of miRNA in human cancer and cardiovascular disease. In this review, I briefly summarize the explosive current studies about involvement of miRNA in various human cancers and cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.536-543
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• 1987

The Fontan procedure was physiological correction which was initially applied to tricuspid atresia. We had used the modified Fontan operation in 8 cases at National Medical Center, Seoul, from Aug. 1984 to Oct. 1986. Age range was 20 months to 15 years [mean: 9 years] and male: female ratio was 5:3. 5 patients had tricuspid atresia [lb: 2 cases, Ic: 1 case, lib: 1 case, & llc: 1 case], 2 Patients had univentricular heart of left ventricular type, and one patient had transposition of great arteries with complete endocardial cushion defect. The operative principle was direct anastomosis between right atrium and pulmonary artery, whether main pulmonary artery or right pulmonary artery without any conduits. Postoperatively all patients needed high central venous pressure for adequate hemodynamic status in both survival [20-24 CmH2O] and mortality groups [20-24 CmH2O]. The fatal complications were as follows: empyema with bronchopleural fistula [1 case], bleeding tendency & brain damage [1 case], low cardiac output syndrome & acute renal failure [2 cases], and right to left shunt of unknown origin [1 case]. There were 5 hospital deaths; 3 of 5 tricuspid atresia patients, 1 of 2 univentricular heart patients, and 1 of 1 transposition of great arteries with complete endocar4ial cushion defect patient. The overall mortality was 62.5%. 3 survivors were nearly compatible with Choussat & Fontan criteria. Thus appropriate patient selection and experienced surgical technique were required for good results.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

Reproductive traits of Palaemon gravieri such as embryo size, number of embryo (fecundity), incubation period, larval development mode, larval development period, larval survival and larval growth were described and compared to analyze the correlation among those traits. Embryo volume is a primary factor determining other ensuing reproductive features. Egg volume was $0.042mm^3$ in the first developmental stage. Embryo volume in P. gravieri was comparatively small which is indicative of great number of embryo (y = 3.0161x + 0.0185 $R^2$ = 0.74 positive isometric relationship) and relatively long incubation period. Larvae survived from zoea 1 to post-larvae and it took 45 days at $22^{\circ}C$. Survival rate of the larvae was rather great in the early stage and thereafter steadily decreased. Daily growth rate of larvae in P. gravieri at $22^{\circ}C$ was 0.0195 mm on average. They grew steadily as time went by. Incubation period was between 10-14 days at $22^{\circ}C$. Larval development mode was almost complete planktotrophic. PNR (point of no return) appeared to be the third day on average. Survival rate of larvae without feeding declined rapidly between 3 and 4 days. Larval development period and stage frequency were 23-30 days and 11 stages which imply prolonged larval period and high mortality. The pattern of brood production followed fast successive parturial pattern. Most ovigerous female had mature ovary when they performed parturial molt soon after hatching (larval release).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1995

The terpenoids are one of the secondary metabolities in Pinus species and functioned the protection them from insects or/and fungus etc. Since Pinus koraiensis has not any damage by Pine needle gall midge but Pinus densiflora has great injury by them in South Korea. It may great helf to find these reasons to analize their monoterpenenoids and to compare the seasonal variation of their amounts. Terpenoids were analized by GC, GC/MS. Some biogenetic analysis of terpenoids also was elucidated. The seasonal variation of terpenoid was distinguished at March and August and/or September. Most of major component of monoterpenes were increased or decreased in these periods in Pinus koraiensis. Especially 3-carene was showed significant variation between the period of physiological activity and the period of domain. The effect of infection by Pine needle gall midge was significant in Pinus densiflora for amount of monoterpene during the period of infection. The components of p-menthane series between Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis was recognized a significant difference during the experiment. Biogenetic cooccurrance of pmenthane series also was recognized between 3-carene and terpinolene in Pinus koraiensis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.767-775
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• 2011

In this study we verified if the electro-coagulation process can treat properly the nitrate and fluoride that are not removed well in the conventional small water treatment plants which usually employ chlorination and filtration only. As we gave a change of electrode material and gap-distance between electrodes, removal efficiency of the nitrate and fluoride was determined by electro-coagulation process which were equipped with aluminum and stainless steel (SUS304) electrodes. In addition, electrode durability was investigated by determination of electrodes mass change during the repetitive experiments. Removal efficiency was great when aluminum was used as an anode material. Nitrate removals increased as electric density and number of electrodes increased, but fluoride removal was less sensitive to both parameters than nitrate. After 10 minutes of contact time with the current density from $1{\times}10^{-3}$ to $3{\times}10^{-3}A/cm^{2}$, nitrate and fluoride concentration ranged from 9.2 to 1.2mg/L and from 0.02 to 0.01mg/L, which satisfied the regulation limits. Regardless of the repeating number of experiments, removal efficiency of both ions were almost similar and the change of electrode mass ranged within ${\pm}$0.5%, indicating that the loss of the electrode mass is not so much great under the limited circumstances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.417-422
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• 2000

The 3rd order intermodulation(IM3) signals affect a great influence on fundamental signal because IM3 can not be rejected by a filter. To solve this problem, in this paper, a predistortion method was applied. The designed predistorter cascaded to 4 W power amplifier and tested with two-tone spreaded 5 MHz. As an experimental result, it was cleary shown that the 3rd order intermodulation distortion characteristics has been improved as much as 17 dB when the output of the power amplifier is 30.67 dB.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.360-362
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• 2008

An adequate location of the reimplanted coronary arteries is one of the most important prognostic factors for an arterial switch operation for treating TGA (transposition of great arteries). We report here on a case of malposition of the reimplanted coronary artery in a 14-year-old boy who had undergone an arterial switch operation. He had chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. The imaging study showed that the ostium of the left main coronary artery, which was between the neo-pulmonary artery and the neo-aorta, was compressed by the great arteries. We excised the left main coronary artery with a button incision from the aorta and reimplanted it on the left lateral side of the aorta. The patency of the left main coronary artery os after the operation was good and it was not compressed by the surrounding arteries.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.337-353
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• 1996

The following results are obtained through study on the Three Eum and Three Yang. 1. Up to nowadays, many people confuse the Great Yang, the lesser Eum, the Great Eum, and the lesser Yang of the Sasang with the Great Yang, the lesser Yang, the Sunlight, the Great Eum, the lesser Eum, and the absolute Eum of the Three Eum and Three Yang becuase they are expressed with the same letters. But the former is the second specialization of the Eum and Yang, and the latter is the transformation of the six climate, so they cannot be the same thing, and there is no connection between them. 2. Three Eum and Three Yang is the outer expression of the six climate, which is coldness, heat, dryness, humidity, wind, and the fire, and it is the conception of the formation of objects which possess SI-JUNG-JONG & BON-JUNG-MAL, and it represents one term of the status of transformation in which the life and the Yang Qi are born, grown, united, and completed. 3. The Three Eum and Three Yang is not only applyed to the outer expression of the six climate, but also to the twelve channels which correspond with the twelve viscera, six differentiation of the disease of the cold, various illness, and the form of pulse. 4. The combination of the Three Eum and Three Yang and the twelve channels is divided into the channel of Sahwa and the channel of Jonghwa, and it also has important relationship with the physiology of the viscera. 5. The division of the six channels of disease of the cold suggested by Junggyung originates from the heat theory in Neagyung, but the six channels in the heat theory are of pathological conception, so the six channels of Junggyung includes the disease of the channels and the viscera. 6. The difference of the Pyo, Bon, Jung Qi of the Three Eum and Three Yang makes the syndrom of the disease diverse so it can be used in the diagnosis and the treatment of disease, and further studies are necessary on this part.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 1980

This is the fourth report in serial studies on the botanical characters of Korean maize lines collected. Several plant characters and genetical nature of lines were investigated and compared among selfed, sibbed and test crossed lines. Inbreeding depression and heterosis, and homozygosity expressed in percent were calculated. Throughout the study a great extent of variation of plant characters and genetical variation expressed in terms of inbreeding depression and heterosis were observed. The observed plant and genetic variation of plant characters were assumed to be enough for providing new breeding materials for future maize breeding program. The degree of homozygosity of Korean local maize lines suggested that a great portion of maize grown by Korean farmers presently are near or close to inbred and presumed to show a great heterosis when crossed to divergent lines.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.366-372
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• 2020

This article recounts the author's personal views and recollections of the history, conception of embryogenetic theories, application of intraoperative electrophysiology, and development of prospective treatment recommendations of several important spinal dysraphic malformations, including limited dorsal myeloschisis, dermal sinus tract, retained medullary cord, terminal myelocystocoele, and complex spinal cord lipomas.