• 공연문화연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.381-403
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• 2021

천수바라무는 불교의식에 있어 중요한 의식무 중 하나이다. 이글에서는 영남지역에서 연행되는 천수바라무의 운영원리에 대하여 연구하였다. 신묘장구대다라니에 맞춰 7분가량 무패턴으로 연행되는 천수바라무를 춤단어로 구분하고 이들의 조합이 어떻게 이루어지는지 그리고 춤동작의 변화 운영원리를 다양한 자료를 통하여 분석하였다. 영남지역의 천수바라무는 인사하기, 실어올리기, 180°돌며 실어올리기, 바라가르기, 양손바라가르기, 360°돌기, 바라치기 등 총 7개의 춤단어로 구성되어 있고 이들은 신묘장구대다라니의 글자 수에 맞춰 조합을 한다. 춤동작의 변화는 신묘장구대다라니의 글자가 같은 글자 수로 연속하여 나올 때, 2에서 3으로 바뀔 때, 3에서 2로 바뀔 때, 2, 3이 연속하여 바뀔 때 등으로 크게 네 가지의 변화로 운영원리를 알 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.4347-4351
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• 2011

The nucleophilic substitution reactions of ethylene phosphorochloridate (2) with X-pyridines are investigated kinetically in acetonitrile at $-20.0^{\circ}C$. The free energy correlations for substituent X variations in the nucleophiles exhibit biphasic concave upwards with a break point at X = 3-Ph. Unusual positive ${\rho}_X$ (= +2.49) and negative ${\beta}_X$ (= -0.41) values are obtained with the weakly basic pyridines, and rationalized by the isokinetic relationship with isokinetic temperature at $t_{ISOKINETIC}=6.6^{\circ}C$. The pyridinolysis rate of 2 with a cyclic five-membered ring is forty thousand times faster than its acyclic counterpart (3: diethyl chlorophosphate) because of great positive value of the entropy of activation of 2 (${\Delta}S^{\neq}$ = +49.2 eu) compared to negative value of 3 (${\Delta}S^{\neq}$ = -44.1 eu) over considerably unfavorable enthalpy of activation of 2 (${\Delta}H^{\neq}=28.4\;kcal\;mol^{-1}$) compared to 3 (${\Delta}H^{\neq}=6.3\;kcal\;mol^{-1}$). Great enthalpy and positive entropy of activation are ascribed to sterically congested transition state (TS) and solvent structure breaking in the TS. A concerted mechanism involving a change of nucleophilic attacking direction from a frontside attack with the strongly basic pyridines to a backside attack with the weakly basic pyridines is proposed.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

In Single-layer latticed domes with rectangular network which is composed of ring of circumferential direction and rafter of longitudinal direction, that is, rib domes, if we use the cross-membered junction's method for the advantage in fabrication and construction, the eccentricity is occurred in the nodal point of crossing members. This paper is aimed at investigating the buckling characteristics for the effect of eccentricity according to rise-span ratios and distance of eccentricity. Analysis method is based on FEM dealing with the geometrically nonlinear deflection problems. The conclusion were given as follows: 1. The maximum decreasing ratio of buckling strength due to the junction's eccentricity is about 60% in models of this paper. 2. In the increasing ratio of buckling strength for rise-span ratio, that of Type 3 models is larger than that of type 2 models. On the other hand, that of Type 2 mode is larger than that of Type 3 for eccentricity-distance. 3. In the viewpoint of the value of buckling strength, that of Type 2 models is larger than that of type 3 models. The effect of the junction's rigidity on buckling strength is not great for overall models. Therefore if we use the cross-membered junction's method for the advantage in fabrication and construction, the method of Type 2 will have the great advantage of that of Type 3.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2015

Observations in beach, intertidal and upper subtidal environments in Peter the Great Bay (north-western East Sea) have shown that attached algae were found on empty shells of 13 species of epifaunal and infaunal bivalve mollusks. Thirteen algae species were identified on empty dislodged shells but more than 50 species are known to be epibiotic on living bivalves. The dislodgement of shells with attached algae takes place in semi-enclosed, low-energy areas, as well as those which are open and affected by strong wave action, indicating the large scale of this phenomenon. The significance of seaweed transportation of living mollusks and their empty shells in the coastal zone, involving both taphonomic and ecological processes, is stressed. Algae appear to be a taphonomic agent and play a similar role as compared to birds or hermit crabs, but they act passively and contribute to environmental mixing in death assemblages in coastal environments.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2005

Qualitative and quantitative composition of meiobenthos was studied in Amursky Bay (Peter the Great Bay, the East Sea). Ten taxonomic groups were found, where nematodes were dominant. Density of meiobenthos in ground sediments of the Bay were not uniform, and the average density was measured at $126.4{\pm}62.3ind.mo^{-2}$. 56 species of nematodes were detected, and dominant species were Sabatieria palmaris, Paracanthonchus macrodon, Sphaerolaimus limosus, S. gracilis and Oncholaimium ramosum. Five taxocenes of nematodes were allocated based on the results of cluster analysis and species domination according to density. Low diversity in species composition of nematodes was noted in the northwestern part of the Bay, which is a zone of desalination, and in the eastern part, which is exposed to household drains.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.122-133
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• 1986

Thirteen patients with cyanotic cardiac malformations having more complex intracardiac defects, hemodynamics and operative procedures than ones in Tetralogy of Fallot undertaken total surgical corrections from July 1981 to August 1985. The cases of corrective surgery for complex cardiac malformations were 3.9% of all congenital cardiac malformations and 12.6% of cyanotic cardiac malformations. Six patients died within 30 days after surgery. So operative mortality was 46%; Transposition of the great arteries, two of 4 patients, due to low cardiac output syndrome and tracheal bleeding ; Univentricular heart, one of 3 patients, due to bleeding; Corrected transposition of the great arteries, one of 2 patients, due to acute heart failure; Tricuspid atresia, one of 2 patients, due to low cardiac output syndrome; Double outlet right ventricle, one of single patient, due to respiratory failure. The cases of surgical correction for complex cardiac malformations are progressively increasing in numbers. The more accurate evaluation of anatomical condition and hemodynamics in preoperative diagnosis, studies on applicable surgical procedure and perioperative care of patients are necessary in the improvement of clinical and surgical results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.386-389
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• 1994

신생아에서 심실중격결손을 동반하지 않은 대혈관전위증 (Transposition of th egreat arteries with intact ventricular septum)의 해부학적교정은 저체중등의 외과적 위험인자에도 불구하고 심방내 교정보다 생리적이다는 점에서 선호되고 있고 조기수술성적이 향상되었다고는 하나 아직도 국내사망율은 높은 편이다. 저자들은 최근 3.5Kg(생후 19일), 3.6 Kg(생후 16일)된 신생아에서 Jatene operation 2례를 치험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2021

Scars can cause great psychological stress among patients. Currently, there are numerous topical agents, laser and surgical treatments available for skin rejuvenation and scar minimization. Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is a treatment method that increases drug delivery by stimulating the skin physically and chemically to enhance the penetration of topical agents. This is one of the areas of great interest in the treatment of various skin diseases in addition to its use for cosmetic purposes. In particular, LADD is relatively non-invasive and has advantages in terms of accessibility and stability. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a collagen stimulator known to gradually restore skin volume by inducing inflammation and fibroplasia. Herein, we report a case of treatment of an atrophic scar with fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted PLLA delivery.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1989

Several growth characteristics of two ornamental tobacco species, Nicotiana sanderae and N. affinis, were investigated in this study. Also effect of temperature and daylength on the flowering of the tobacco plants were evaluated to obtain basic information on breeding and cultivation. 1. The plants were great in high temperature-long day at the early stage and in low temperature-short day at the late stage of plant growth, for both Nicotana species. At the early growth stage the leaf length N. sanderae was great in high temperature-long day, and that of N. affinis was great in high temperature-short day period, while at the late stage of the plant growth the leaf lengths were more significantly effected by the temperature rather than daylength. Leaf width and leaf shape index were less sensitive to the conditions. 2. For both of the species, the total number of tobacco leaves not much influenced by the temperature and daylength. 3. There were no significant differences for budding and flowering period between the two species, both of which were sensitive to temperature and daylength with more influence by daylength than temperature. 4. Number of floral stalks, number of flower and flowering period were not much influenced by temperature and daylength; however, N. affinis had 2 more floral stalks, 31 more flowers, and 6 day longer flowering period than N. sanderae.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2014

본 연구는 딱다구리류의 드러밍 음향특성 분석을 위해 우리나라에 서식하는 대표적 딱다구리를 크기별로 대형, 중형, 소형으로 구분, 까막딱다구리, 오색딱다구리, 쇠딱다구리 3종을 대상으로 드러밍 소리를 녹음하여 분석하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 원주시 치악산국립공원 구룡사계곡과 상지대학교 캠퍼스와 접한 산림이었다. 드러밍 녹음은 조사경로를 따라 걸으며 딱다구리의 드러밍 소리가 나면 해당 지역으로 찾아가 쌍안경으로 종을 확인하고 녹음을 실시하였다. 회당 평균 드러밍 시간은 까막딱다구리 1.614초, 오색딱다구리 0.683초, 쇠딱다구리 0.200초이었다. 드러밍 동안 평균 두드림은 까막딱다구리는 31.2회, 오색딱다구리 14.9회, 쇠딱다구리 6.7회이었다. 두드림 속도는 까막딱다구리 19.3회/초, 오색딱다구리 21.8회/초, 쇠딱다구리 33.3회/초이었다. 드러밍 우점 주파수는 까막딱다구리 776.9Hz, 오색딱다구리 1,213.8Hz, 쇠딱다구리 826.0Hz이었다. 드러밍 음향특성에 대해 분산분석을 실시한 결과 모든 항목에서 유의수준 1%에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었는데, 딱다구리의 생체량이 클수록 드러밍 시간이 길고, 두드림 회수 또한 많았다. 두드림 속도는 크기가 작을수록 빨라 종별 몸체의 크기에 따른 드러밍 특성이 명확히 구분되었다. 두드림 우점 주파수는 중간 크기의 오색딱다구리가 높고, 까막딱다구리와 쇠딱다구리가 비슷하게 나타나 크기별로 뚜렷한 경향은 없었다.