• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2006

정보화 시대에 있어 급변하는 기술발전과 함께 인간의 문화적 욕구가 증대됨에 따라 3차원 공간정보에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 현재 3차원 공간정보를 구축하는 과정은 일반적으로 수작업 또는 반자동에 의해 이루어지고 있다. 이는 데이터의 구축 및 표현에 많은 시간과 비용이 소요된다는 제약을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 3차원 symbol 라이브러리를 구축하여 분류된 객체에 부합되는 3차원 symbol을 자동으로 선택하며, 선택된 3차원 symbol을 파라메타를 이용하여 자동으로 mapping 하는 과정을 구축하였다. 이를 통해 3차원 공간데이터의 구축 및 표현에 요구되는 시간과 오류를 최소화할 수 있었다. 또한 LiDAR(Light Detection And Range) 데이터의 3차원 정보를 활용하여 symbol의 자동 mapping을 위한 파라메타들을 산출하였고, symbol의 분류를 위한 기본 데이터로 활용하였다. 구축된 알고리즘의 평가를 위하여 실재 데이터의 3차원 공간데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 구축된 데이터에 대해 symbol선택 및 자동 mapping 과정에 대한 오류 검사를 수행하였고, 더불어 구축된 3차원 데이터의 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 본 연구로부터 구축된 알고리즘들은 3차원 공간정보를 표현함에 있어 신속하고 안정적으로 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2010

In this paper we propose symbol decision method reflecting the color non-uniformity in 3-dimensional color space. By comparing with 2-dimensional color space decision method, we show the superiority of BER performance of the proposed method. Proposed method may reflect the non-uniformity since the symbol decision boundary in color space is transformed from 3D RGB space, and one dimension corresponding to Y value is added. Therefore, we can obtain the better BER performance by using the symbol decision method in 3D color space. In this paper, through numerical simulation, show the superior BER performance of 3D color space symbol decision method compared with 2D color space symbol decision method under AWGN and common mode noise channel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.417-424
• /
• 2006

Despite of many researches related to create 3D digital maps, it is still time-consuming and costly because a large part of 3D digital mapping is conducted manually. To circumvent this limitation, we proposed methodologies to create 3D digital maps with 3D symbols automatically. For this purpose, firstly, the 3D symbol library to represent 3D objects as 3D symbols was constructed. In this library, we stored the attribute and geometry information of 3D objects which define types and shapes of symbols respectively. These information were used to match 3D objects with 3D symbols and extracted from 2D digital maps and LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) data. Then, to locate 3D symbols into a base map automatically, we used predefined parameters such as the size, the height, the rotation angle and the center of gravity of 3D objects which are extracted from LiDAR data. Finally, the 3D digital map in urban area was constructed and the results were tested. Through this research, we can identify that the developed algorithms can be used as effective techniques for 3D digital mapping.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.680-683
• /
• 2011

In this paper, symbol error probability (SEP) of typical 3-dimensional (3-D) signal constellations in Rayleigh fading channel is derived. Simulation confirms that average SEP of the constellations is very accurate. Thus, the theoretical SEP derived can be exploited as a performance reference for future development of wireless communication systems with 3-D constellations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.1833-1839
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a systematic demapping algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) lattice signal constellations is presented. The algorithm consists of decision of an octant, computation of a distance from the origin, and determination of the coordinates of a symbol. Since the algorithm can be extended systematically, it is applicable to the larger lattice constellations. To verify the algorithm, 3-D signal transmission systems with field programmable gate array (FPGA) and $Matlab^{(R)}$ are implemented. And they are exploited to carry out computer simulation. As a result, both hardware and software based systems produce almost the same symbol error rates (SERs) in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment. In addition, the hardware based system implemented with an FPGA generates waveforms of 3-D signals and recovers the original binary sequences perfectly. Those results confirm that the algorithm and the implemented 3-D transmission system operate correctly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide color information in order to planning and merchandising in china fashion through the color of Beijing opera. In objective study, we collect total 302 Beijing opera images. The collecting method of source data is to extract digital color data by color picker. We transform RGB color data to H V/C, CIE L*a*b and analyze the attributes of color and tone, three-dimensional analysis. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The color distrbution of Beijing opera is R(26.9%)>YR(18.2%)>PB(11.6%)>Y(9.6%). Traditional preference color, red is most popular color as 26.7%:, the practice of vivid tone red is numerous. 2. The tone distribution of Beijing opera costume is P(16%)>It(13.9%)>d(11%)>5(9.6%)>4kg (8.2%)>b(7.1%:). The value o# Beijing opera costume distribute medium and medium-high and the chroma of those distributes low. 3. High chroma yellow is restrictive color as the symbol of emperor in china but medium-low chroma yellow is very frequently used. 4. Blue is often used in china costume. Especially in Beijing opera costume blue is symbol of bravery, dignity, cruel character 5. White in Beijing opera costume is much used for symbol of righteous loyalist. Black is less used than white in Beijing opera costume and black is authority color for symbol of the prime minister.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.237-247
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was 1) to explain integrated clothing brand loyalty by investigating the dimensions, 2) to investigate relationships between brand loyalty and clothing importance, aesthetic aspects of clothing, modesty, status symbol of clothing and authoritarian personality, 3) to identify the effects of demographic variables on clothing brand loyalty. The subjects were 104 female living in Kyong-Ju, Korea. The data were collected using self -administered questionnaires and analyzed by factor analysis, frequency, correlation, step- wise multiple regression and ANOVA. The results showed that 1) four dimensions of clothing brand loyalty were identified through the factor analysis: continued brand loyalty, habitual brand loyalty, symbolic brand loyalty and committed brand loyalty, 2) the status symbol of clothing, aesthetic aspects of clothing, and authoritarian personality were positively related to brand loyalty. Among these, the status symbol of clothing was the most significant variable, 3) brand loyalty was not varied by demographic variables.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.52 no.9
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we propose a real-time two-dimensional bar code detection system even at long range using a vision technique. We first perform short-range detection, and then long-range detection if the short-range detection is not successful. First, edge map generation, image binarization, and connect component labeling (CCL) are performed in order to select a region of interest (ROI). After interpolating the selected ROI using bilinear interpolation, a location symbol pattern is detected as the same as for short-range detection. Finally, the symbol pattern is arranged by applying inverse perspective transformation to localize bar codes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully detects bar codes at two or three times longer distance than existing ones even at indoor environment.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2017

Recently, the demand has continued to increase for higher data rates and improved multimedia services through wireless internet access. In order to increase the data rate and link reliability, 3GPP LTE/A and IEEE 802.16e/m WiMAX systems incorporate MIMO transmission schemes. Since the hardware complexity increases with the number of transmit data streams and mobile devices have limited physical dimensions, an multiple input multiple output (MIMO) ystem with two antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver ($2{\times}2$) is considered to be a possible solution for mobile devices. In this paper, a low-complexity soft output MIMO symbol detector based on Modified-SQRD is proposed for mobile devices with two transmit and two receive antennas.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.369-374
• /
• 2016

Recently, due to the rapid development of smart computing technology, there have been a lot of studies on 3D navigation, and consequently the advanced commercial 3D navigation system and 3D VTS system are on the market. Even the 3D technology is well known and wide spreaded, unfortunately, the secret of code behind is still unleashed. The purpose of this paper is to show the basic methodologies to display ENC features under 3D display environment to meet the requirement of S-52 standards. The OpenGL ES is used to develop 3D ENC Viewer for further use on mobile platforms and web based vessel monitoring system. P articularly, area object triangulation, complex line drawing, polygon pattern filling and symbol drawing by texture mapping are explained in detail. The result of performance test is shown as table for correlation of SENC file size to display speed.