• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2003

KD는 아직 발병인자가 밝혀져 있지 않아 특별한 검사방법 없이 임상소견에 의존하여 진단하여야 하고 조기진단만이 CAD을 예방할 수 있는 중요한 후천성 심장질환이다. 그러나 발열과 5가지의 고전적인 진단기준에 부합되지 않고 발열과 4가지 미만의 진단기준 또는 전체 6가지 중 3-4가지 진단기준 만이 관찰되는 AKD는 조기진단이 어려워 전형적인 KD보다 CAL의 발생률이 높다. 특히 1세 미만의 영아에서는 모든 임상소견이 사라진 후 아급성기에 나타나는 손과 발의 낙설을 보고 후향적으로 진단을 하는 경우가 많다. 따라서 AKD에서 관상동맥합병증을 예방하려면 오랜 기간 동안 원인을 찾을 수 없고, 항생제에 반응하지 않는 발열이 있을 때에는 고전적인 진단기준에 얽매이지 말고 항상 high index of suspicion을 적용하여 필요할 때마다 CAL의 유무를 조사하고 가능한 빠른 시기에 치료하여야 할 것이다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

Purpose: As the incidence of non-typhoidal salmonella strains resistant to antibiotics has been increased, we attempted to investigate clinical aspects of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis and antibiotics resistance. Methods: From January 2000 to June 2002, 99 children with positive stool culture of non-typhoidal salmonella were studied about clinical features, the incidence of antibiotics and multi-drug resistance and the difference of incidence of antibiotics resistance according to immune status. Results: There were 66 males and 33 females. The majority of them were under 5 years of age (71%). 25 children were immunocompromised due to chemotherapy, steroid or immunosuppressive treatment. Serogroup D was the most common isolates (65%) followed by B (16%), C (8%) and E (8%). Resistance rate of 30% to ampicillin, 12% to chloramphenicol, 20% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 11% to cefotaxime and 8% to cefixime were obtained. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacine. Resistance rate to cefotaxime and cefixime in immunocompromised patients was 24% and 14.3% respectively, which were significantly higher compared to that in immunocompetent patients (6.8%, 5.6%, p<0.05). 11 isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotics. The incidence of multi-drug resistant isolates was significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (24%) than that of immunocompetent patients (6.8%). Conclusion: Because of the high prevalence of non-typhoidal salmonella strains resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and TMP-SMX, third-generation cephalosporin might be the treatment of choice in non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis. In particular, antibiotics should be carefully selected in immunocompromised patients because non-typhoidal salmonellas from them showed the higher incidence of antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1139-1142
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical profiles of Kawasaki disease(KD) in children 8 years of age and older. Methods : For the epidemiologic study of KD in Korea, data of total 15,692 KD patients were collected from 1994 to 2002 on a 3 year basis, by the retrospective survey. Among them, data of 211 KD patients 8 years of age and older were analyzed and compared with those of the KD patients less than 8 years of age. Results : 211 patients 8 years of age and older(1.3% of total KD patients) with the mean age of 9.8 years, included 142 cases aged 8-10 years, 42 cases aged 10-12 years, and 27 cases aged 12 years and older. The male-to-female ratio was 1.9 : 1, the recurrence rate was 3.8%, and the prevalence of cases in sibling was zero. Coronary arterial(CA) abnormalities were detected by echocardiography in 25.4% of the cases, including 7.6% of CA aneurysm cases. There was 1 case complicated by myocardial infarction. Conclusion : Comparing with the data of the KD patients less than 8 years of age, data of 211 patients 8 years of age and older showed significantly higher incidences of CA abnormalities(25.4% : 19.8%) and CA aneurysms(7.6% : 4.0%).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting dental hygienists's stress in order to provide dental hygienists's stress management methods. The results of this study were as follows. 1. A sample of 168 dental hygienists were selected to participate in this study. The participate of 66.1% was under 25 old years and 87.5% was unmarried. A majority of he dental hygienists's job place was clinical areas 86.9% and working experience was 1~4 years (47.6%). A average dental hygienists's salary was 1,000,000~1,500,000 won/month (63.7%). A average dental hygienists's working time was under 8 hours/day (57.1%). 5days/week (58.3%) was working and the participate of 78.0% was working on night-time. 2. Dental hygienists's stress under 25 years old was higher than over 26 years old (p < 0.05). It was found that dental hygienists was significantly related to stress from less income (p < 0.05), longer working time (p < 0.01). In job demand areas, Night-time workers (p < 0.05) and 5days/week (p < 0.05) worker was more stress than others participates. In job autonomy areas, longer working experience in present dental clinical(p < 0.01) and higher salary/ month (p < 0.01) were more stress. The job instability of unmarried dental hygienists were more stress than married subjects. In stress of organization system, longer working time/day (p < 0.05), under 25 years old (p < 0.01), high salary (p < 0.05), 5day/week (p < 0.05) dental hygienists's stress was higher than others.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

Purpose : Better understanding of the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae affects preventive and therapeutic strategies for children with otitis media. This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes causing otitis media in children. Methods : Pneumococcal isolates obtained from the ear discharge of children with otitis media between January 2001 and December 2006 were characterized by serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results : There were 54 pneumococcal isolates from 54 children with otitis media. The median age of patients was 13 months, and the proportion of children <5 years old was 81%. The predominant serotypes, in order of decreasing frequency, were 19A (44%), 19F(28%), 6B (7%), 6A (4%), 9V (4%), and 1 (4%); 23 isolates (43%) belonged to types included in the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). The proportion of serotype 19A and 19F accounted for 72% of overall pneumococcal isolates, which accounted for 84% of pneumococcal isolates from otorrhea of children <5 years old (vs 20% in children ${\geq}5$ years old, P<0.001). All serotypes isolated from 3 vaccinees of PCV7 were 19A. There was no significant diminution in otitis media caused by pneumococcal vaccine serotypes after the introduction of PCV7. The frequency of nonsusceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was higher in serotype 19A than in other non-vaccine serotypes, respectively. The frequency of multiple drug resistance was 96% in serotype 19A, compared with 29% in other non-vaccine serotypes (P=0.001). Conclusion : 19A was the most common pneumococcal serotype causing otitis media and represented a large proportion of strains with multiple drug resistance in children younger than 5 years of age.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.411-420
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• 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in height and inclination of the articular eminence during the growth period. Methods: One hundred and sixty subjects (71 males and 89 females) with a normal skeletal pattern and TMJ function, ranging in age from 5.9 to 19.7 years were divided according to their chronological age into six groups. Lateral individualized corrected TMJ tomograms were taken of all subjects, and the height and inclination of the articular eminence were measured. UNIANOVA was used to compare the differences between the age groups. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences between male and female subjects. Results: The height and the inclination of the articular eminence were increased and became steeper with age, and the height and the inclination were larger in male than in female subjects. Conclusions: Dynamic changes in the height and the inclination of the articular eminence were observed during the growth period, therefore a full understanding of the growth of the articular eminence is important for orthodontic and orthopedic treatment in this period.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2002

Purpose: The following study was performed to reveal the relationship between Clostridium difficile colitis in childhood and associated antibiotics. Methods: From January 2000 to June 2002 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 85 symptomatic pediatric patients who showed positive stool culture for Clostridium difficile were included. The implicated antibiotics within 2 months before stool culture were analyzed. Of the 85 patients, there were 50 males and 35 females, and their average age was 2.5 years. Results: There was a history of implicated antibiotics within 2 months in 55 cases (67%). Forty-three patients (78%) of them showed Clostridium difficile in stool culture during antibiotics treatment. The time interval between the initiation of antibiotics and stool culture ranged from one day to 7 weeks (mean 10 days) in these patients. In the remaining 12 patients, Clostridium difficile was detected after the discontinuation of antibiotics. The time interval between the discontinuation and stool culture ranged from one day to 7 weeks (mean 12 days). The associated antibiotics were cefotaxime (20 cases), amikacin(15 cases), ampicillin (13 cases), cefazolin (8 cases), vancomycin (8 cases), etc. In 31 cases, more than one antibiotics were prescribed. Conclusion: When diarrhea occurred in young children during antibiotic usage or with a past history of recent antibiotic usage, Clostridium difficile should be investigated as a cause of diarrhea for proper management.

• 건강소식
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.10-11
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• 2011

JW메리어트호텔 플라워 디자이너를 거쳐 프랑스 피베르디(Piverdie) 스쿨에서 플로리스트 과정을 수료하고 현재는 플라워카페에서 향기를 디자인하는 플로리스트 정현주 씨. 지난 2월 10일 역삼동에 위치한 플라워카페에서 정현주 플로리스트(33세)를 만났다.

• 건강소식
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.28-29
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• 2011

알레르기성 비염을 앓는 아이가 부쩍 늘었다. 2009년 국민건강보험공단의 발표에 따르면 알레르기성 비염을 앓는 아동, 청소년이 4년 전에 비해 1.3배나 증가했다. 특히 4세 이하 영유아의 경우 5명중 1명이 알레르기성 비염을 앓고 있다고 한다. 그러나 이 시기의 아이들은 어느 곳이 어떻게 불편하지 정확하게 표현하지 못하기 때문에 치료에 소홀하기가 쉽다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2003

Purpose : We evaluated and compared clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with measles in three epidemics(1989~90, 1993~94, and 2000~01) in Daejeon, Korea. Methods : Retrospective analyses were performed using medical records of 520 patients with measles at the Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital during three epidemics. We divided the subjects into three groups, i.e., those who admitted during 1989~1990(group I, 116 patients), those during 1993~1994(group II, 127 patients), and those during 2000~2001(group III, 277 patients). We compared clinical, demographic and laboratory characteristics among these 3 groups. Results : In age distribution, ratios of under 2 years of age in three groups were 61%, 58% and 57%, respectively with no statistical differences. However there are differences in age distribution above 2 years of age, as 21% in 2~5 years of group I, 28% in 6~9 years of group II, and 21% above 10 years of group III. No statistical differences were present between 3 groups in the male to female ratio, MMR vaccination rate in above 2 years of age, duration of fever, incidence of hepatitis. Hospitalization days(P=0.019) and rate of complications(P=0.012) were longer and higher in group I than in group III. Conclusion : In three epidemics, the second peak age group(except 0~1 year) of children above 2 years of age who had mostly received MMR vaccination showed a trend for increased age with increasing time(statistical difference). This result suggest that secondary vaccine failure may have a role in each epidemics. So, if measles outbreaks is happened in the future, we will have consideration in this aspect.