• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

Cyanobacteria regulate their buoyancy in response to changing environmental conditions. This process is essential for cyanobacterial development and can account for their dominance in eutrophic waters in summer. The present investigation was conducted to understand the 24-hour vertical distribution of cyanobacteria and water quality characteristics in Lake Daecheong. Water samples were collected and analyzed at depth intervals of 2 or 3 m and at an interval of three hours for a day on August 28, 2001 and September 24, 2002. In 2001 the accumulated standing crop of Microcystis spp. from surface to a depth of 6 m was 94.9%. Microcystis spp. showed no vertical migration below the thermocline. Microcystis spp. had maximum density near the surface, but shifted to 2 m depth at 2 p.m. A dense population of Anabaena spp. accumulated near the surface from 2 to 5 p.m. in 2002.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.218-227
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of balance taping therapy on improving knee pain and the obstacles to daily activity in rural elderly women. The research design was a quasi-experimental research using a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The data were collected from January 19th to April 14th, 2017. The research subjects included female elderly over 65 years old who visited 12 senior centers located at Y city in rural areas. The participants were composed of 26 people in the experimental group and 28 people in the control group. Data were collected before and 24 hours after balance taping therapy, and the pain and obstacles to daily activity were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the PASW Statistics 23 Program, which included a $X^2-test$, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Mann-Whitney U test. After the intervention, significant differences were observed in the knee pain (Z=-6.658, p<.001) and obstacles to daily activity (Z=-3.466, p=.001). With regard to lower domain variables of the obstacles to daily activity, significant differences in standing up (Z=-2.860, p=.004), daily activity (Z=-2.629, p=.009), walking (Z=-3.868, p<.001), and dressing up (Z=-2.049, p=.040) were observed between the two groups. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in grip (Z=-.542, p=.588) and arm stretching (Z=-.416, p=.678). In conclusion, applying balance taping to rural elderly women clearly decreases the level of knee pain, reduces the obstacles to daily activity, and improves their quality of life.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2003

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay method was developed for the simultaneous determination of neutral and bacis twenty-five disruptors $(ED_S)$ in frog and fish. Afther homogenization and sonication of 5 g of sample, purification was achieves in one step with a solid phase extraction procedure using silica gelflorisl. Eluton was performed with 50mL of acetone : n-hexane (1 : 9) solution. The eluate was concentrated to approximately 10uL and dissolves with 100 uL of hexane and analyzed by GC-MS (SIM). The peaks had good chromatographic properties and the extraction of these compounds from sample also gave relatively high recoveries with small variatoins. Detection limits were 0.1 ng/g for 4-nitrotoluene, benzophenone, hexachlorobenzene, atrazine, malathion, o,p-DDT, o,p-DDT and permethrin, and 0.2 ng/g for heptachlor epoxide, γ-chlordane, α-chlordane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, and 0.3 ng/g for trifluralin, metribuzin, alachlor, dieldrin and p,p'-DDT, and 0.5 ng/g for heptachlor, aldrin and parathion, and 0.7 ng/g for endrin, and 0.8 ng/g for nitrofen. The recoveries were between 33 and 109%. The method was used to analyze twenty-five frogs and forty-six fishes fishes samples caught from various regions in Korea. Benzophenone was detected at concentration of up to 17.2 ng/g in frog or fish. Heptachlor, aldrin, γ-chlordane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, endrin and o,p-DDD were detected at concentrations of 0.7-12.5 ng/g in frog or fish. Also significant leveles of dieldrin (up to 22.5 ng/g) were observed. The developed method may be valuable to be used to the national monitoring project of EDS in biota samples.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1983

The extracellular inulase produced by Aspergillus sp. C-58 was isolated by pH and charcoal treatment, precipitation with ammonium sulfate from the crude extract, and separated into 3 fractions (P-I, II, III) by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography in the ratio of 31.1:1.7:1 with respect to the activity. The ratio of inulase activity to sucrase activity of P-I, P-II and P-III fraction was 0.23, 0.24 and 1.1 respectively. The enzyme P-I fraction was purified 482 fold with a 22.8% yield by DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Sephadex G-75, Sephadex G-100 (1st and 2nd) column chromatography, and appeared homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

In this study, the traditional takju was manufactured using the finger root, which was recognized as a health functional ingredient, and analyzed the physicochemical and sensory quality characteristics according to the period of fermentation. The pH was significantly low(p<0.05) in all samples until the second day of fermentation, and the pH tended to increase again from the third day of fermentation. The pH value was decreased as the amount of finger root was decreased(p<0.05). The acidity of takju was significantly lower at 0.17~0.21 immediately after fermentation(p<0.05). The acidity of FR0 showed significantly the highest value(p<0.05). The sugar content of takju was significantly increased in all the samples until the 2nd day of fermentation(p<0.05). On the 7th day, it showed the lowest value at $11.01{\sim}12.63^{\circ}Brix$. The sugar content of FR0 was significantly lowest value(p<0.05). The alcohol content of takju was significantly increased as the fermentation proceeded, and the highest value was 11.90~13.50% at 7 days(p<0.05). The alcohol content of RF0 was significantly higher than other samples(p<0.05). As a result of organic acid analysis of finger root takju fermented for 7 days, citric acid(3.35%) showed the highest content of FR3(p<0.05). The content of fructose increased with increasing finger root amount (p<0.05). As a result of sensory evaluation of finger root takju, FR1 and FR2 samples tended to be lower in score than FR0, and FR3 showed the highest score. The overall acceptance value of FR0 was 7.5 and FR3 was 7.57.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10653-10658
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• 2015

Background: A very high incidence of lung cancer is observed in Mizoram and Manipur, North East India. We conducted a population based case control study to establish associations of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms and interactions with environmental factors for this high incidence. Material and Methods: A total of 272 lung cancer cases and 544 controls matched for age (${\pm}5years$), sex and ethnicity were collected and p53 codon 72 polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We used conditional multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: p53 Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in the study population (adjusted OR=2.14, CI=1.35-3.38, p=0.001). Interactions of the p53 Pro/Pro genotype with exposure to wood smoke (adjusted OR=3.60, CI=1.85-6.98, p<0.001) and cooking oil fumes (adjusted OR=3.27, CI=1.55-6.87, p=0.002), betel quid chewing (adjusted OR=3.85, CI=1.96-7.55, p<0.001), tobacco smoking (adjusted OR=4.42, CI=2.27-8.63, p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR=3.31, CI=1.10-10.03, p=0.034) were significant regarding the increased risk of lung cancer in the study population. Conclusions: The present study provided preliminary evidence that a p53 codon 72 polymorphism may effect lung cancer risk in the study population, interacting synergistically with environmental factors.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.689-695
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and to predict of eutrophication in lakes by using Vollenweider-OECD model and total phosphorus concentration and inflow rate which were measured in 1993∼2001. The results of study were as follows. The annual total phosphorus loading from the watershed was calculated to be 55∼195tP/yr at lake Soyang, 221∼466tP/yr at lake Taechong, 123∼278tP/yr at lake Andong, 57∼109tP/yr at lake Seomjin. These are discharged, far the most parts, from population and fishfarm facility. TP loading on the surface area at lake Soyang was 3.01gP/㎡/yr, 2.82gP/㎡/yr, 2.84gP/㎡/yr, 3.03gP/㎡/yr, 2.34gP/㎡/yr, 1.78gP/㎡/yr, 0.91gP/㎡/yr, 0.89gP/㎡/yr, 0.86gP/㎡/yr, lake Taechong was 6.71gP/㎡/yr, 7.25gP/㎡/yr, 7.24gP/㎡/yr, 6.53gP/㎡/yr, 6.50gP/㎡/yr, 7.06gP/㎡/yr, 7.04gP/㎡/yr, 4.05gP/㎡/yr, 3.44gP/㎡/yr and TP loading on the surface area of lake Andong, lake Soemjin were 5.39gP/㎡/yr, 4.47gP/㎡/yr, 4.56gP/㎡/yr, 4.45gP/㎡/yr, 3.33gP/㎡/yr, 2.38gP/㎡/yr, 2.53gP/㎡/yr, 2.46gP/㎡/yr, 2.54gP/㎡/yr, 4.09gP/㎡/yr, 4.10gP/㎡/yr, 3.98gP/㎡/yr, 3.73gP/㎡/yr, 2.80gP/㎡/yr, 3.46gP/㎡/yr, 3.22gP/㎡/yr, 2.19gP/㎡/yr, 2.13gP/㎡/yr respectively. The tropic states of four lakes can be assessed as eutrophy because phosphorus leading exceeds the critical phosphorus loading by Vollenweider-OECD model.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.12
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of newly proposed root-end filling materials, Biodentine, Micro-Mega mineral trioxide aggregate (MM-MTA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, and Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR), in comparison with contemporary root-end filling materials, intermediate restorative material (IRM), Dyract compomer, ProRoot MTA (PMTA), and Vitrebond, using human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: Ten discs from each material were fabricated in sterile Teflon molds and 24-hour eluates were obtained from each root-end filling material in cell culture media after 1- or 3-day setting. hPDL fibroblasts were plated at a density of $5{\times}10^3/well$, and were incubated for 24 hours with 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 dilutions of eluates. Cell viability was evaluated by XTT assay. Data was statistically analysed. Apoptotic/necrotic activity of PDL cells exposed to material eluates was established by flow cytometry. Results: The Vitrebond and IRM were significantly more cytotoxic than the other root-end filling materials (p < 0.05). Those cells exposed to the Biodentine and Dyract compomer eluates showed the highest survival rates (p < 0.05), while the PMTA, MM-MTA, SDR, and PMMA groups exhibited similar cell viabilities. Three-day samples were more cytotoxic than 1-day samples (p < 0.05). Eluates from the cements at 1:1 dilution were significantly more cytotoxic (p < 0.05). Vitrebond induced cell necrosis as indicated by flow cytometry. Conclusions: This in vitro study demonstrated that Biodentine and Compomer were more biocompatible than the other root-end filling materials. Vitrebond eluate caused necrotic cell death.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2022

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the significance of 24-hour post-reduction ultrasonography (US) in pediatric patients with intussusception. Methods: A total of 229 patients with intussusception who were treated with saline reduction at Severance Children's Hospital between January 2014 and September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The 229 patients with successful saline reduction were divided into two groups: a recurrence at 24 hours group (R, n=41) and a non-recurrence group (NR, n=188). The full patient sample was divided into two groups: follow-up US (FU) or no follow-up US (NFU); the recurrence group was divided into follow-up (R-FU) and non-follow-up (R-NFU) subgroups, and stratified analyses were performed. Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, laboratory findings, symptoms, and sonographic findings between the NR and R groups. In the R group, 24 patients underwent follow-up US, and 17 patients did not. Specific sonographic findings were statistically significant in the R-FU group compared to the R-NFU group (p=0.002). The R-FU group had fewer admissions (p=0.012) and longer mean hospitalization times (p<0.001) than the R-NFU group. The NFU group had a 12.2% recurrence rate, while the R-FU group recurrence rate was 25.8% (p=0.0099), suggesting that the omission of some recurrent events and follow-up US was a significant variable in the recurrence of intussusception. The median time to recurrence was 21 hours which supports the 24-hour follow-up protocol. Conclusion: Twenty-four-hour follow-up US was shown to be valuable for detecting early recurrence of intussusception.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.19-24
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• 1998