• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.629-646
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate effects of terpenoids-rich plant extracts (TRPE) on the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production. The ruminal fluid was collected from a cannulated Hanwoo cow fed concentrate and timothy in the ratio of 6 to 4. The TRPE as Mint (Mentha arvensis var. piperascens), Pine (Pinus densiflora), Japan cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum), Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtuse) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) were used in this study. The 15 mL of mixture, contains McDougall buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio of 2 to 1. The mixture was dispensed anaerobically 50 mL serum bottles and it is contained 0.3 g timothy substrate and 5% TRPE. The bottles were incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The pH value decrease by increased incubation times and the pH values at all times were significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in control. The digestibility of dry matter at 3 hours was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mint treatment than in control. Productions of total gas and carbon dioxide at before 12 hours was significantly lower (p<0.05) in treatments than in control. The methane production at 24 hours was significantly (p<0.05) lower in treatments than in control. The concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid at 24 hours were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mint and pine treatments than in control. In conclusion, the terpenoid-rich plant extracts were shown to decreased methane emission and without adversely affected ruminal fermentation. Therefore, the terpenoid-rich plant extracts as mint and pine were shown to decreased methane production and it has potential possibility for ruminal fermentations.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.153-160
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• 2005

There have been large areas of soil contaminated with high levels of explosives. For this experimental work, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was tested as a representative explosive contaminant of concern in both aqueous and soil samples and its removal was evaluated using three different chemical treatment methods: 1) the classical Fenton reaction which utilizes hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and soluble iron at pH less than 3; 2) a modified Fenton reaction which utilizes chelating agents, $H_2O_2$, and soluble iron at pH 7; and 3) a Fenton-like process which utilizes iron minerals instead of soluble iron and $H_2O_2$, generating a hydroxyl radical. Using classic Fenton reaction, 93% of TNT was removed in 20 h at pH 3 (soil spiked with 300 mg/L of TNT, 3% $H_2O_2$ and 1mM Fe(III)), whereas 21% removed at pH 7. The modified Fenton reaction, using nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), oxalate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), acetate and citrate as representative chelating agents, was tested with 3% $H_2O_2$ at pH 7 for 24 h. Results showed the TNT removal in the order of NTA, EDTA, oxalate, citrate and acetate, with the removal efficiency of 87%, 71%, 64%, 46%, and 37%, respectively, suggesting NTA as the most effective chelating agent. The Fenton-like reaction was performed with water contaminated with 100 mg/L TNT and soil contaminated with 300 mg/L TNT, respectively, using 3% $H_2O_2$ and such iron minerals as goethite, magnetite, and hematite. In the goethite-water system, 33% of TNT was removed at pH 3 whereas 28% removed at pH 7. In the magnetite-water system, 40% of TNT was removed at pH 3 whereas 36% removed at pH 7. In the hematite-water system, 40% of TNT was removed at pH 3 whereas 34% removed at pH 7. For further experiments combining the modified Fenton reaction with the Fenton-like reaction, NTA, EDTA, and oxalate were selected with the natural iron minerals, magnetite and hematite at pH 7, based on the results from the modified Fenton reaction. As results, in case magnetite was used, 79%, 59%, and 14% of TNT was removed when NTA, oxalate, and EDTA used, respectively, whereas 73%, 25%, and 19% removed in case of hematite, when NTA, oxalate, and EDTA used, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-35
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• 1983

High voltage paper-electrophoresis of fission products from 24 hour neutron-irradiated and 150 days-decayed 90% highly enriched uranyl nitrate solution has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$ (pH=0.85), 0.05 M-HCl+0.09M-KCl (pH=0.9), 0.1M-HCl (pH=1.1) and 0.01 M-HCl (pH=2.0). Zr-95 and Nb-95 are separated out at+1cm from the fiducial point. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from each other is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$, 0.05 M-HCl+0.09 M-KCl, 0.1 M-HCl and 0.1 M-HAc+0.1 M-NaAc (pH=4.68) together with 2% ammonium oxalate. Nb-95 is separated out at $-6{\sim}-7cm$ from the fiducial point and Zr-95 at $+1{\sim}-lcm$. The separation of Ru-103 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.025 $M-Na_2CO_3+0.025\;M-NaHCO_3$ (pH=10.0), 0.01M-$Na_3PO_4$ (pH=11.7) and 0.1 M-NaOH (pH=13.2). Ru-103 migrates towards the anode -6cm, -4cm and -3cm, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Removal characteristics of Cu(II) ions by solid-phase extractant immobilized D2EHPA and TBP in PVC were investigated. Cu(II) ion concentrations in the solution and removal capacity of Cu(II) ion according to operation time were compared. The lower the initial concentration of Cu(II) ion in aqueous solution was, the removal capacity of Cu(II) ion by solid-phase extractant was increased relatively. The bigger the initial concentration of Cu(II) ion was, the removal capacity of Cu(II) ion was increased relatively. The pseudo-second-order kinetics according to operation time was showed more satisfying results than the pseudo-first-order kinetics for the removal velocity of Cu(II) ion. The removal capacity of Cu(II) ion was 0.025 mg/g in aqueous solution of pH 2, but the removal capacity of Cu(II) ion was increased to 0.33 mg/g mg/g in aqueous solution of pH 4 according to increasing pH.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2009

1-bromopropane (1-BP) has been used in numerous purposes such as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, a solvent for fats, waxes, or resins and a substitute for chlorofluorocarbons that destroy the ozone layer. However, the studies related to the modulation of activities of hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are not reported yet. This study was the first study to investigate the potential effect for the activities of hepatic CYPs by the treatment of 1-BP in vivo. When 1-BP was treated to male ICR mice by dose-dependently at the dose levels of 200, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of body weight once, the activity of CYP2E1 was selectively increased for 24 h. The inductive potency for the activity of CYP2E1 by 1-BP was equal to induction by acetone a well-known selective CYP2E1 inducer. The present results indicated that 1-BP would affect the metabolism of 1-BP itself and/or other xenobiotics.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2016

The present study investigated the effect of inclusion of chromium propionate (Cr-P) and lysophopholipid (LPL) in diet on blood parameters and meat quality of Hanwoo steer. Feeding trial was performed from late fattening period to slaughter and blood parameters (insulin, blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration) and meat quality were examined. Total 4 experimental groups including control (no addition), T1 (Cr-P 0.2%), T2 (LPL 0.2%) and T3 (Cr-P 0.1% + LPL 0.1%) were employed. For blood parameters, insulin concentration in T1 and T3 showed an elevating patterns from $3.13{\mu}U/mL$ to $3.35{\mu}U/mL$ (T1) and from $4.38{\mu}U/mL$ to $5.23{\mu}U/mL$ (T3). The changes of NEFA in all groups were detected as a decreasing patterns according to days of feeding. However, significant difference was not found. In growth performance, T2 showed greater daily gain and T1 showed greater carcass yield compared to others. However, there were no significance in difference. In meat quality, T1 showed greater yield and intra-muscular fat levels and lower sharing force compared to others. However, significant differences were not detected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in health-promoting behavior of Han-Chinese to Korean-Chinese university students in Korea. Methods: Subjects were 111 Han-Chinese and 105 Korean- Chinese university students. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from January 5 to May 30, 2009. The data analysis was carried out using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The average score of health- promoting behavior for Chinese students was 2.55, 2.49 for Korean-Chinese students and 2.61 for Han-Chinese students. The mean score of health-promoting behavior of Korean-Chinese students was lower than that of the Han-Chinese group (t=2.048, p=.042). There were significant differences in health- promoting behaviors according to socio-demographic characteristics between Han-Chinese and Korean-Chinese university students. The mean score of health-promoting behavior showed significant differences according to marital status (t=2.019, p=.046) in Han-Chinese students while there were significant differences in health-promoting behaviors according to motivation for studying abroad (t=2.732, p=.033) in Korean-Chinese students. Conclusion: Health-promoting programs should be developed for both Han-Chinese and Korean-Chinese students by considering socio-demographic characteristics. Korean-Chinese may be targeted as a priority group for promoting health behaviors.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the durability and retention of 4 types of attachments placed over computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) titanium bars when subjected to different pH conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four commercially available attachments were investigated: Hader Yellow, Hader Red, Ackerman Gold and Ackerman Stainless Steel. These attachments and Ackerman CAD/CAM titanium bars were placed in 2 vessels containing different artificial saliva solutions (pH 7/pH 4) at $37^{\circ}C$ for one month to simulate corrosion conditions, and they were then subjected to mechanical testing (5400 cycles of insertion and removal). RESULTS. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the average values of insertion/removal force due to the pH (F (1, 24)=9.207, P<.05) and the type of attachment (F (3, 24)=11.742, P<.05). CONCLUSION. More acidic pH values were found to have a negative influence on the retention capacity of the attachments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1399-1403
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• 1998

We isolated wild lactic acid bacteria from kimchi and identified as Lactobacillus brevis by using API 50 CHL Kit, some morphological and physiological tests. In order to evaluate the acid tolerance of Lactobacillus brevis, its survivals rate, glycolysis assay, membrane permeability, and pH profiles of $H^+-ATPase$ were also determined. When Lactobacillus brevis were incubated in Lactobacilli MRS broth adjusted to various levels of pH for 2 hours, the decreases in its population at pH 4.0 and 3.0 were about 2.61 log cycles/mL and 5.89 log cycles/mL, respectively, but there was no decrease at pH 6.0 and 5.0. Glycolysis by Lactobacillus brevis had optimal pH about 6.5 and glucose degradation was reduced by 50% at a pH of 5.2. $Mg^{++}$ release from Lactobacillus brevis cells in medium with pHs of 4.0 and 3.0 was 24.3 and 71.2% of totals, respectively. The $H^+-ATPase$ of Lactobacillus brevis showed a maximal activity between pH values of approximately 6.5 to 7.0.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2003

Erinacine which is produced from Hericium erinaceus mycelia is known to have a stimulating activity of nerve growth factor(NGF) synthesis. Thus, this work was concentrated on the maximum production of Hericium erinaceus mycelia. In order to maximize cell growth, the cultivation was performed with varying the agitation rate and applying the additional medium. As the results, the mycelium concentration was 24.2g/L.