• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2013

Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium species. Most of the imported malaria in Korea are due to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium ovale infections are very rare. Here, we report a case of a 24-year-old American woman who acquired P. ovale while staying in Ghana, West Africa for 5 months in 2010. The patient was diagnosed with P. ovale malaria based on a Wright-Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear, Plasmodium genus-specific real-time PCR, Plasmodium species-specific nested PCR, and sequencing targeting 18S rRNA gene. The strain identified had a very long incubation period of 19-24 months. Blood donors who have malaria with a very long incubation period could be a potential danger for propagating malaria. Therefore, we should identify imported P. ovale infections not only by morphological findings but also by molecular methods for preventing propagation and appropriate treatment.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.268-272
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• 2015

We report the systematic study to reduce extrinsic doping in graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). To investigate the effect of crystallinity of graphene on the extent of the extrinsic doping, graphene samples with different levels of crystal quality: poly-crystalline and single-crystalline graphene (PCG and SCG), are employed. The graphene suspended in air is almost undoped regardless of its crystallinity, whereas graphene placed on an $SiO_2/Si$ substrate is spontaneously p-doped. The extent of p-doping from the $SiO_2$ substrate in SCG is slightly lower than that in PCG, implying that the defects in graphene play roles in charge transfer. However, after annealing treatment, both PCG and SCG are heavily p-doped due to increased interaction with the underlying substrate. Extrinsic doping dramatically decreases after annealing treatment when PCG and SCG are placed on the top of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate, confirming that h-BN is the ideal substrate for reducing extrinsic doping in CVD graphene.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 2011

Purpose: Mortality Provability Model (MPM) II is a model for predicting mortality probability of patients admitted to ICU. This study was done to test the validity of MPM II for critically ill neurological patients and to determine applicability of MPM II in predicting mortality of neurological ICU patients. Methods: Data were collected from medical records of 187 neurological patients over 18 yr of age who were admitted to the ICU of C University Hospital during the period from January 2008 to May 2009. Collected data were analyzed through $X^2$ test, t-test, Mann-Whiteny test, goodness of fit test, and ROC curve. Results: As to mortality according to patients' general and clinically related characteristics, mortality was statistically significantly different for ICU stay, hospital stay, APACHE III score, APACHE predicted death rate, GCS, endotracheal intubation, and central venous catheter. Results of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were MPM $II_0$ ($X^2$=0.02, p=.989), MPM $II_24$ ($X^2$=0.99 p=.805), MPM $II_48$ ($X^2$=0.91, p=.822), and MPM $II_72$ ($X^2$=1.57, p=.457), and results of the discrimination test using the ROC curve were MPM $II_0$, .726 (p<.001), MPM $II_24$, .764 (p<.001), MPM $II_48$, .762 (p<.001), and MPM $II_72$, .809 (p<.001). Conclusion: MPM II was found to be a valid mortality prediction model for neurological ICU patients.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on removal efficiencies of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in MBR-RO process for treating synthetic sewage. In MBR process, turbidity was less than average 2 NTU and average removal efficiency showed more than 99% during the operation period(MBR 105 day). As a result of HRT variation, average removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$ on HRT 6, 12, 18 and 24hour were about 72.4, 84, 88.6 and 92.5%, respectively. The $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal efficiency was about 60.2 85.5, 91.3 and 92.2%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies increased from 53.7 and 56.8 to 82.5 and 86.4%, respectively as the HRT increased from 6 hour to 24 hour. In RO process, average removal efficiencies of color and $COD_{Cr}$ in RO permeate were about 99.9% and 96.8%, respectively. Also, removal efficiencies of T-N, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $NO_3{^-}-N$ and T-P were all above average 90%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1017-1021
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• 1999

Shindari, a traditional low alcoholic drink in Cheju island, was prepared with nuruk and the rice porridge. The rice porridge was fermented with 10% nuruk at a temperature of $25^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. In all temperature, total acidity and oBrix were increased gradually and pH were decreased gradually and viscosity were considerably decreased after 2 hours and then slightly decreased. Alcohol contents were also increased during fermentation and especially at $45^{\circ}C$. The organic acids were mainly found phytic acid and succinic acid. The fermented liquids rice porridge contained maltose and glucose as free sugar, amount of them increased during fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria cell count increased at higher tem perature of fermentation and reached to $10^{7}\;cfu/ml\;at\;35^{\circ}C$ for 10hr. In conclusion, the optimal fermentation conditions Shindari preparation were at $35^{\circ}C$, 24hrs. pH, titratable acidity, viscosity and soluble solids in the optimal fermentation condition were 4.2, 0.18%, 190cp, $12.2^{\circ}Brix$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1995

To elucidate pathogenesis of bovine leukemia virus(BLV) in Korean native goats, the goats experimentally infected with BLV were studied especially for the aspects of infectivity and hematological changes. The experimental goats were examined for 27 months by agar-gel immunodiffusion(AGID) test and syncytium formation assay. During this period, changes of total leucocyte, absolute Iymphocyte and atypical Iymphocyte were examined, and the distribution of surface immunoglobulin ( sIg ) -bearing cells and rosette forming cell (RFC) in the peripheral Iymphocyte were also investigated. By indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and complement dependent antibody cytotoxicity (CDAC) assay using monoclonal antibody(Mab) against bovine leukosis tumor-associated anti-gen(BL-TAA), changes of BL-TAA positive Iymphocyte in peripheral blood were measured. The results obtained through the experiment were summarized as follows. 1. Antibody titers were measured by AGID using gP51 and P24 antigens. The animals were serologically converted at 2 months post-inoculation(pi) in gP51 antigen, whereas sero-converted at 4 months pi in P24 antigen. In comparison with antibody titers for gP51, P24 antigen showed lower titers throughout the trial period. 2. The peripheral lymphocytes from all of the infected goats, as co-cultivated with F8l cells manifested syncytial formation at 4 months pi. 3. On counting total leucocyte, Iymphocyte and atypical Iymphocyte, two out of four infected goats showed normal distribution, while No 2 of the remaining two revealed temporal and No 3, Persistant increasing number of the cells. 4. The optimal condition of rosette formation of the peripheral Iymphocyte of normal Korean native goats was shown in the sheep erythrocyte treated with 0.1M AET for 30 nun at $37^{\circ}C$. When the Iymphocytes were treated in nylon wool column, the number of sIg-bear-ing cell were increased in the nylon wool adherent cells, but RFC was increased in the non-adherent cells. Of the infected goats, No 2 and No 3 showed significantly increasing number of sIg-bearing cells at 18 months pi. 5. The Iymphocytes of No 2 and No 3 goats reacted positively in IFA using Mab against BL-TAA at 12 months pi and 18 months pi, respectively. In CDAC test, all of four infected goats revealed positive reaction at 24 months pi. The higher positive rates were observed in No 2 and No 3 as compared with the remainders.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.327-334
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• 2003

This study was carried out to make early prediction of carcass yield grade. Sixty six Hanwoo steers were measured for back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and body weight at 18, 21 and 24 months of age by ultrasound. Carcass evaluation was done after ultrasound measurement at 24 month of age. Ultrasonic yield grade at 18, 21 and 24 month of age were predicted by regression and decision tree methods. Classifying by carcass yield grade, ultrasonic back fat thickness at 18, 21 and 24 months of age was significantly different in each carcass yield grade (p<0.05). The prediction accuracy of carcass yield grade by regression method was 78.8% at 18 months, 86.4% at 21 months and 90.9% at 24 months of age. By using the decision tree method for carcass yield grade, 78.8%, 89.4% and 89.4% of prediction accuracy were obtained at 18, 21 and 24 months of age, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.627-632
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• 2003

The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters of recombinant acetohydroxy acid synthase catalyzed reaction was determined in order to obtain information about the chemical mechanism, particularly acid-base chemistry. The maximum velocity and V/K for pyruvate were bell-shaped with estimated pK values of 6.5-6.7 and 8.6-8.9, respectively. The maximum velocity and V/K for 2-ketobutyrate were also bell-shaped with estimated pK values of 6.6-7.0 and 8.4-8.6. The pH dependence of 1/Ki for 3-bromopyruvate, a competitive inhibitor of pyruvate, was also bell-shaped, giving pK values almost identical with those obtained for pyruvate. Since the same pK values were observed in the $pK_{i 3-bromopyruvate}$, V/K pH profiles and $V_{max}$ profiles, both enzyme groups must be in their optimum protonation state for efficient binding of reactants. These results reflect that two enzyme groups are necessary for binding of substrate and/or catalysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1200-1205
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• 1998

Background: Lung cancer formation is a multistage process involving activation of protooncogene and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. We evaluate the significance of cyclin D1, p53, bcl-2 gene mutations in patients with curatively resected stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Material and Method: One hundred consecutive cases of stage IIIA lung cancers from patients operated on curatvely between 1990 and 1995 for which adequate paraffin blocks and clinical history were available. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on the representative tissue sections from each case by the labelled streptovidin- biotin method. Sections for cyclin D1, p53, Bcl-2 immunostaining were pretreated in a microwave oven for 10 to 20 minutes in citrate buffer before immunostaining. The overnight incubation with NCL-cyclin D1-GM for cyclin D1, with clone DO-7 for p53, with clone 124 for bcl-2 was done. Mean follow-up was 24.1 months (range 2-84 months) after operation. Result: One hundred cases of lung cancers were composed of 56 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 37 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 2 cases of large cell carcinoma. The 5-year survival was 32.1%. The positive expression rate of cyclin D1 was 35%, p53 was 56%, and bcl-2 was 17%. But there were no correlation between cyclin D1, p53, Bcl-2 protein expression and survival. Conclusion: These observation indicate that cyclin D1, p53, bcl-2 protein overexpression might be implicated in the oncogenesis of non-small cell lung carcinomas but they have no usefulness as a prognostic marker.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.22-24
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• 2003

최근 모바일 SFA는 고성능 모바일 단말기의 보급과 모바일 비즈니스의 확장으로 인해 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 현재의 모바일 SFA 시스템은 기존 영업관리시스템을 단순하게 확장한 형태로 영업 사원 및 고객간의 효율적인 상품 및 거래 정보 공유를 위한 기능이 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 기존 시스템의 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 이동 시의 위치정보와 모바일 P2P 서비스를 활용하는 보다 개선된 모바일 SFA 시스템을 설계, 구현하였다. 이동 시 위치기반 서비스가 가능하도록 모바일 SFA용 & CRM 미들웨어를 구성하였으며, 영업사원 및 고객 간의 데이터 통신 및 공유를 위해 모바일 클라이언트용 에이전트 모듈과 P2P 서비스 모듈을 개발하였다.