• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.691-701
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• 2009

Purpose: Deviations of arterial palmar arches in the hand can be explained on the embryological basis. The purpose of this study was to provide new information about palmar arches through cadaver's dissection. The values of the location and diameter in these vessels were analyzed in order to support anatomical research and clinical correlation in the hand. Methods: The present report is based on an analysis of dissections of fifty - three hands carried out in the laboratory of gross anatomy. A reference line was established on the distal wrist crease to serve as the X coordinate and a perpendicular line drawn through the midpoint between middle and ring fingers, which served as the Y coordinate. The coordinates of the x and y values were measured by a digimatic caliper, and statistically analyzed with Student's t - test. Results: Complete superficial palmar archs were seen in 96.2 % of specimens. In the most common type of males, the superficial arch was formed only by the ulnar artery. In the most common type of females, the superficial arch was formed anastomosis between the radial artery and the ulnar artery. The average length of the superficial and deep palmar arch is $110.3{\pm}33.0mm$ and $67.9{\pm}14.0mm$ respectively. Regarding the superficial palmar arch, ulnar artery starts $-16.1{\pm}5.1mm$ on X - line, and $2.5{\pm}24.5mm$ on Y - line. Radial artery appears on palmar side $7.7{\pm}3.2mm$ on X - line, and $20.9{\pm}10.9mm$ on Y - line. But radial artery starts on $6.3{\pm}3.6mm$ on X - line, and $3.4{\pm}5.1mm$ on Y - line. Digital arteries of superficial palmar arch starts on $6.1{\pm}3.7mm$, $33.9{\pm}8.8mm$ on index finger, $1.8{\pm}3.4mm$, $40.1{\pm}7.3mm$ on middle finger, $-3.2{\pm}4.9mm$, $42.6{\pm}7.0mm$ on ring finger, and $-8.9{\pm}5.1mm$, $42.5{\pm}80mm$ on little finger in respective X and Y coordinates. Radial artery of deep palmar arches measured at the palmar side perforating from the dorsum of hand. It's coordinates were $9.7{\pm}4.8mm$ on X - line, $21.7{\pm}10.2mm$ on Y - line. Ulnar artery was measured at hypothenar area, and it's coordinates were $-20.4{\pm}6.3mm$ on X - line, and $30.6{\pm}7.4mm$ on Y - line. Conclusions: Anatomically superficial palmar arch can be divided into a complete and an incomplete type. Each of them can be subdivided into 4 types. The deep palmar arch is less variable than the superficial palmar arch. We believe these values of the study will be used for the vascular surgery of the hand using the endoscope and robot in the future.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.301-304
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• 2013

1년 간 우측 귀에 재발성 외이염을 앓다가 이도 내 종괴가 발견된 19개월령의 중성화된 수컷 잡종 고양이에서 종괴의 제거를 시행하였다. 전신마취 후 2.7 mm 내시경을 우측 이도로 삽입하였으며, 원활한 시야 확보를 위해 이도 내 세척을 동시에 시행하였다. 이도 내에서 4.9 mm 직경의 둥근 붉은색 종괴가 확인되었고 traction-avulsion 방법으로 제거되었다. 제거 후 고막 파열이 확인되었으며, 고실 내의 삼출물 제거를 위해 0.9% 멸균생리식염수로 귀를 플러싱하였다. 제거된 종괴는 조직검사 결과 심한 궤양을 동반한 육아조직으로 진단되었다. 술 후 환축은 특별한 부작용을 나타내지 않았으며, 5개월이 경과된 현재 재발의 징후는 발견되지 않았다. 비디오 이경검사법의 사용은 고양이 염증성 폴립의 치료를 위한 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

빔의 열적효과는 세포조직의 서로 다른 구성성분과 레이저 빔의 서로 다른 파장에서 다른결과를 나타내며 세포조직에서 온도증가는 먼저 응고가 이루어지고, 절단이나 탄화과정이 일어나며 $300^{\circ}$이상에서는 세포조직의 파괴에 의한 증발이 발생하게 된다. $CO_2$ 레이저는 최소한 조직손상으로 이러한 효과를 얻는데 최적이라고 보며 0.1mm의 최소한의 세포조직 깊이에서 일어나는 효과의 근본적인 장점은 생체조직이나 내장기관에 안정적이다. $CO_2$레이저사용에 있어서 단점은 무엇보다도 세포파괴에서 생성되는 입자들의 부품흡착 등으로 결과적으로 레이저의 출력감소가 일어나는데, 영 전압, 영 전류 스위칭 포워드 컨버터를 도입하여 기존의 하드 스위칭 포워드 컨버터에 있어서 Turn-off, on시 발생되는 스위칭 방식을, 적용함으로써 1차 측 스위칭 소자의 Turn-off, on시 영전압, 영전류 스위칭을 이루어 정밀도가 요구되는 산부인과용 $CO_2$ 연속 형 레이저의 고압출력 모듈에 따른 펄스 트랜스의 안정화에 필수적으로 기여하며, 레이저 출력과 안정화가 되도록 설계 및 제작한 결과, 기존제품보다 향상된 결과를 가져왔다. 추후 시스템적으로 보완을 하면 우수한 결과가 될 것으로 사려된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2000

Objective : As a minimally invasive strategy, endoscopic technique was introduced for removal of the traumatic intracerebral hematoma. Material and Method : A 54-year-old man with three-day history of seizure and progressive mental deterioration after traffic accident was presented. Computerized Tomography(CT) of the brain showed a huge intracerebral hematoma on the right frontal lobe and ventricle. The operation was performed via right frontal superolateral keyhole with 2cm eyebrow skin incision. Using 0-degree and 30-degree angled lens 4mm rigid endoscopes, nearly all of the hematoma was evacuated under the direct endoscopic visualization and a ventricular catheter was exactly placed into the frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle at the end of procedure. Results : The seizure was discontinued and neurological status had been improved during postoperative periods. Postoperative CT demonstrated that most of the hematoma was removed and the ventricular drainge tube was exactly placed in the right foramen of Monro. Conclusion : With endoscopic technique, the authors successfully evacuated traumatic intracerebral hematoma and exactly placed the ventricular drainage catheter under direct visualization. This technique may be considered as an another option for removal of traumatic intracerebral hematoma.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of size and depth of cavities on the pavement failure using the full-scale accelerated pavement testing. METHODS : A full-scale testbed was constructed by installing the artificial cavities at a depth of 0.3 m and 0.7 m from the pavement surface for accelerated pavement testing. The cavities were made of ice with a dimension of 0.5 m*0.5m*0.3m, and the thickness of asphalt and base layer were 0.2 m and 0.3 m, respectively. The ground penetrating radar and endoscope testing were conducted to determine the shape and location of cavities. The falling weight deflectometer testing was also performed on the cavity and intact sections to estimate the difference of structural capacity between the two sections. A wheel loading of 80 kN was applied on the pavement section with a speed of 10 km/h in accelerated pavement testing. The permanent deformation was measured periodically at a given number of repetitions. The correlation between the depth and size of cavities and pavement failure was investigated using the accelerated pavement testing results. RESULTS : It is found from FWD testing that the center deflection of cavity section is 10% greater than that of the intact section, indicating the 25% reduction of modulus in subbase layer due to the occurrence of the cavity. The measured permanent deformation of the intact section is approximately 10 mm at 90,000 load repetitions. However, for a cavity section of 0.7 m depth, a permanent deformation of 30 mm was measured at 90,000 load repetitions, which is three times greater than that of the intact section. At cavity section of 0.3 m, the permanent deformation reached up to approximately 90 mm and an elliptical hole occurred at pavement surface after testing. CONCLUSIONS : This study is aimed at determining the pavement failure mechanism due to the occurrence of cavities under the pavement using accelerated pavement testing. In the future, the accelerated pavement testing will be conducted at a pavement section with different depths and sizes of cavities. Test results will be utilized to establish the criteria of risk in road collapse based on the various conditions.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

공초점 내시 현미경의 경우 살아있는(in vivo) 동물체들의 뇌 속에서의 암세포나 특정 세포를 분석할 수 있으며, 비 침습적으로 얻을 수 있는 기술과 동시에 실시간으로 암을 검출할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 공초점 내시 현미경의 경우 최소 직경과 고 분해능을 요하게 된다. 본 논문은 최소 직경을 가지는 GRIN 렌즈와 유동적으로 움직일 수 있는 광섬유 다발을 연결시킴으로써 보다 측정에 용이하도록 하였다. 직경이 1 mm이고 수치구경이 0.5이며 pitch가 0.25인 GRIN렌즈를 사용하였으며, 광섬유 다발은 30,000개의 코어로 구성된 유동적인 광섬유 다발을 사용하였다. 본 논문은 GRIN 렌즈에 의해서 발생되었던 구면수차는 광학보상자를 이용하여 보정하였다. 그 결과 설계되어진 공초점 내시 현미경 대물렌즈의 경우 종 분해능은 $1.63\;{\mu}m$이고 축상물점과 비축물점에서의 에너지 분포가 100%일 때 각각의 spot size는 축상물점에서 $0.3\;{\mu}m$ 비축물점에서 $0.83\;{\mu}m$의 결과를 얻었으며 보다 값싸고 제작에 용이한 양산 비구면 렌즈로 대체 구현된 결과에서는 종 분해능이 $1.74\;{\mu}m$이고, 축상 물점에 대한 spot size는 $1.1\;{\mu}m$이고 비축물점에서는 spot size가 $2.94\;{\mu}m$로 설계되었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 2000

Objective : Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is gaining popularity as a minimally invasive surgical option for certain types of hydrocephalus as an alternative to shunting. The authors have tried to fenestrate down to the subdural space passing through the prepontine cistern to lessen or avoid the chance of redoing due to healing. Materials and Method : A 48-year-old male patient with several years of intractable headache was presented. Magnetic Resonance Image(MRI) of the brain revealed marked ventricular dilatation with stenotic cerebral aqueduct. A 2.3mm flexible steerable endoscope($Neuroview^{(R)}$) was introduced via precoronal route and accessed to the third ventricular floor. Using 3-French Fogarty balloon catheter, thin third ventricular floor and the arachnoid membrane of the prepontine cistern were fenestrated, so called "double fenestration". To confirm the fenestration, subdural compa-rtment of the left abducens nerve was identified during the procedure. Forceful pulsating flow through the orifice convinced the patency of the opening. Results : The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day without any postoperative complications. The postoperative follow-up MRI of the brain, at second and sixth months, clearly demonstrated the flow void through the third ventricular floor. Conclusions : Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was successfully performed on an adult hydrocephalus patient with aqueduct stenosis. The third ventricular floor and arachnoid membrane of the prepontine cistern were fenestrated to achieve double fenestration to minimize the chance for failure. The details of this procedure and results are described.